Gear shifting on a Zhiguli 04. The correct scheme: learning to shift gears on a manual transmission

Despite the ever-increasing popularity of cars with automatic transmissions, mechanics remain the favorite of many drivers. Driving a machine with a manual transmission - it is the basis of driver skill.

Therefore, even if you plan to purchase a car with an automatic or CVT, the mechanics control skills will not be superfluous. Mastering this science is not as difficult as it seems.

How to change gears on the mechanics?

When driving a car with mechanics, the driver switches gears on his own. Gearboxes are usually 4 or 5 speed plus reverse. While driving, the driver should not look at the gearbox when changing gears, his actions should be automatic.

Therefore, it will be useful to study the location of the speeds with the engine turned off.

Gear shifting is carried out simultaneously with pressing the clutch pedal. The pedal must be fully depressed.

Particular attention should be paid to the technique of pressing the clutch pedal. : all actions should be smooth and synchronous. If the clutch pedal is abruptly released, the car may stall or start to twitch.

To start driving a manual car, follow these steps:

• start the engine while keeping your foot on the brake pedal. The gearbox must be in neutral
• turn on first gear while depressing the clutch pedal
• release the clutch pedal smoothly without jerking, pressing the gas at the same time
• keep accelerating with the gas pedal fully releasing the clutch.

Remember that if you need to start uphill, it is better to do this with the parking brake. Release the lever just before driving. This will prevent the vehicle from rolling back.

It is necessary to change gears smoothly, without sudden movements.

The faster the speed increases, the more actively you need to shift to higher gears. When you achieve perfection in this technique and achieve a smooth ride when driving, the moment of gear change will become completely invisible to your passengers.

Upshifts must be sequential.

Jumping over the gear is not prohibited, however, the abuse of such a maneuver can lead to transmission malfunctions. If you slow down, then you can select the necessary gear based on the conditions and intensity of speed reduction.

Jumping through the transmission in this case will not adversely affect the operation of the engine.

Gear shifting on the go

An experienced driver will not think about switching gears. It takes a little practice to get this automatic.

In order to change gear in time, focus on the speed of the car and the number of revolutions.

For each car, the optimal moment for changing gears is individual and depends on the transmission settings, vehicle power and other technical characteristics.

The general guideline for switching speed is the moment the engine reaches RPM with a value of 3000 - 4000.

As for the speed limit. What are the following approximate guidelines?

• from 0 to 20 km/h- first gear;
• from 20 to 40 km/h- second;
• from 40 to 60 km/h- third;
• from 60 to 90 km/h- fourth;
• over 90 km/h- fifth gear.

To change gear while the car is moving, you must:

• squeeze the clutch while releasing the gas pedal
• with the clutch fully depressed, shift the gearshift lever gear to the right position
• gently release the clutch while continuing to accelerate the vehicle with the gas pedal.

Overtaking shifts

When driving on the highway, the driver usually selects a gear that allows you to maintain optimal speed with minimal fuel consumption. Usually it is fifth or fourth gear.

If it becomes necessary to overtake, first of all, you need to make sure that the maneuver is safe and that there are no prohibition signs.

The sequence of actions during overtaking is as follows:

• you need to get closer to the car in front, and equalize the speed of movement, while maintaining, of course, a safe distance;
• make sure that the opposite lane free;
• shift into a lower gear. For example, if you were in fifth gear, shift into fourth;
• overtake quickly and accurately.

A common mistake when overtaking is trying to do it without shifting to a more dynamic gear.

In this case, when an oncoming car appears or an increase in the speed of a passing car, it will be very difficult to pick up speed sharply. Overtaking in this way is possible only if the oncoming lane is free at a sufficiently impressive distance.

Gear shifting under engine braking

Many experienced drivers practice the correct implementation of vehicle braking using a downshift, which is called differently: "downshifting".

This skill can come in handy in the cold season to prevent the car from skidding when braking in icy conditions.

In this case, you need to take your foot off the gas pedal, wait for a slight decrease in engine speed, depress the clutch pedal and switch to a lower gear. Then gradually release the clutch and continue driving at a lower speed.

The main difficulty with such a maneuver is to identify the moment of gear shifting. This is especially difficult in extreme situations.

parking

When parking a car, you must act as accurately and carefully as possible.

It is necessary to check in at the selected place in the lowest gear with your foot on the clutch pedal, so that in the event of a dangerous approach to an obstacle or another car, you have time to slow down.

In an emergency, you can apply the brakes abruptly without first depressing the clutch pedal. This will cause the car to stall, but it will help to stop it abruptly.

After the car has come to a complete stop, turn off the engine and engage first gear by depressing the clutch. This will prevent the machine from rolling.

It will not be superfluous to raise the parking brake lever. Many drivers, when parking on slopes, turn their wheels in the opposite direction to ensure greater safety.

Introduction to the gearbox

In order to quickly master the control of a manual transmission, it will be useful to understand its internal structure.

Certainly, knowing all the technical details is not necessary, but understanding the general principles of its operation will be very helpful.

The vehicle is moving by transferring the rotation of the motor shaft to the axles of the wheels. This transmission is precisely carried out by the mechanical transmission gear system. For different cars, the diameter of the transmission gears is different, the number of teeth and the gear ratio may be different.

The machine can move at different speeds with the same work of the motor shaft.

Thus The gearbox regulates the operation of the engine depending on the number of revolutions and speed.

Since the transmission shaft is in constant motion, a clutch is needed to change gear. Depressing the clutch pedal causes the gears to disengage, which then start working in the new position.

A serviceable gearbox should shift gears easily with minimal effort, without difficulty or extraneous sounds.

The advantage of mechanics is also lower fuel consumption compared to automatic. A manual transmission, when used correctly, is safer in the winter season.

Newbie mistakes when working with a manual transmission

The main difficulty for novice drivers is achieving automatism and synchronism when shifting gears and pressing the clutch pedal. Even the quickest glance at the box or under your feet can provoke an emergency.

Therefore, it is necessary to improve your mechanical control skills at specially designed circuits.

A common mistake is hard release of the clutch. The machine may then stall, and the systematic repetition of such a mistake can lead to premature engine wear.

Another rookie mistake is not knowing when to shift gears. In order not to be mistaken, be guided by the readings of the tachometer and speedometer, and also listen to the sound of the engine.

Do not abuse the clutch pedal unnecessarily, as this can lead to clutch wear. So, at the traffic lights it is better to turn on the neutral gear.

Be careful when using reverse gear. Remember that it cannot be turned on until the car has completely stopped. Be careful when reversing. With a sharp press on the gas pedal, you can accelerate very quickly.

It is also necessary to get rid of the fear of driving, not forgetting, of course, about reasonable caution..

If you don't feel confident enough, practice at designated driving training areas or in the city during off-peak hours.

Control of the correct movement on the tachometer

Tachometer- This is a meter that shows the number of revolutions of the engine. It is necessary to take into account the readings of the tachometer when shifting gears. The optimal value for changing speed is 3000 rpm. However, it may differ on different vehicles.

Do not allow the tachometer needle to reach the red line , which indicates the highest engine speed. Also make sure that the arrow of the device drops too low. In this case, you must shift to a lower gear.

Given these simple rules and mastering the art of operating a manual transmission, you can experience the pleasure of driving a car, feel its dynamics and power.

In dense city traffic, a manual transmission can cause some discomfort, but this disadvantage is compensated by the possibility of complete control over the dynamics of the car, reliability, economy and cheaper service compared to an automatic transmission.

Read how to adjust the gearshift control drive on a VAZ 2110 car. A diagram of the device is presented.

If during the operation of the car you have problems with shifting gears (there is no clear shift), then it's time to adjust the drive that controls this mechanism. Also, these works must be carried out immediately after you have carried out its repair and reinstallation, since after such actions the entire gearshift mechanism “disperses”.

We did the tuning on a VAZ 2110 car.

1. On the control rod of the gearbox, it is necessary to loosen the nut of the clamp coupling bolt, it is enough to unscrew the bolt by 4-5 turns (you will need a key of 13). You can only get to it from the bottom of the car.

2. In order to ensure free movement of the rod relative to the gear selection rod, - you should expand the grooves at the end of the rod and the clamp with a screwdriver. Then put the rod in the neutral position.

3. Next, we go to the car interior and dismantle the gearbox cover from the handle. It can simply be lowered to the very bottom, and the lever set so that its lower (non-curved) end is approximately vertical.

If you have template 67,7834,9527, then set the gearshift handle as follows: with the lever cover removed, install the template in the lining window (number 14 in the diagram above) of the reverse gear lock bracket.

4. Under the bottom of the machine, you need to carefully, not with sharp movements of the hand, select the axial play of the rod in the backward direction and its angular play in the counterclockwise direction (the task is not to move the gear lever).

5. Now you can re-tighten the nut of the clamp bolt under the car, only adjust the clamp itself a little forward so that there is a free space between it and the rod of about 2-3 millimeters.

Manual transmission is popular among drivers. Of course, the production of new cars equipped with manual transmissions is declining every year, but nevertheless, experienced drivers remain faithful to the mechanics.

Without a doubt, it is one of the most proven and reliable. With proper care and maintenance, it can be used for a considerable period of time.

At first glance, an inexperienced driver may think that it is inconvenient to use and inferior in comfort to automatic and robotic devices. This common misconception has arisen because many drivers do not know how to properly shift gears on the mechanics.

The manual transmission is used to distribute the mechanical energy of the motor over the drive axles of the vehicle. Passenger cars use a manual transmission with a different number of steps. The most popular are 5-speed transmissions and reves.

A manual gearbox uses a clutch to shift gears. It is the link between the engine and transmission. The crankshaft of the engine is constantly rotating. The input shaft of the box is engaged with the crankshaft.

In order to connect the desired speed gears, it is necessary to suspend the rotation of the crankshaft for a split second. The clutch handles this well. That is why it is impossible to change gear without the clutch depressed.

How to change gears on the mechanics

An experienced driver shifts gears on the mechanics automatically, without controlling the course of the hand. All movements are reflex in nature and their clarity is due to driving experience.

We can distinguish the following order of gear shifting on a manual transmission when starting to move:

1. Depress the clutch and place the gear lever in neutral position;
2. Start the engine while holding the brake pedal;
3. Release the brake pedal and depress the clutch pedal;
4. Without releasing the clutch pedal, engage first gear;
5. Slowly release the clutch and move off;
6. If necessary, add speed with the gas pedal;

Once you start moving, you don't need to change gears too often. As a rule, third gear is used in urban dense traffic. When accelerating the vehicle, it is necessary to shift gears strictly in ascending order.

If you need to apply emergency braking, simultaneously depress the brake and clutch pedals. The gearshift lever can be moved to the neutral position later.

The following gear shift ranges in mechanics can be distinguished:

• first gear (0-20 kilometers per hour);
• second gear (20-40 kilometers per hour);
• third gear (40-60 kilometers per hour);
• fourth gear (60-90 kilometers per hour);
• fifth gear (90-110 kilometers per hour);
• sixth gear (over 110 kilometers per hour).

As practice shows, experienced drivers determine the necessary moment of gear shifting by the sound of the engine. The strained roar of the power unit indicates that the time has come to change gear.

We must not forget that timely gear shifting prevents premature engine wear, reduces fuel consumption and reduces the emission of harmful substances into the environment. It must be remembered that the clutch is squeezed out smoothly and the gears change quickly.

Gear shifting manual transmission when overtaking

The minimum fuel consumption and optimal engine speed are achieved when the car is moving in high gear on a country road. Many drivers, and especially beginners, make a number of typical mistakes with other road users.

Most beginners, when overtaking a vehicle, include a high gear and thereby lose dynamics and speed. Experts, on the contrary, recommend lowering the transmission speed by one step at the beginning of overtaking.

This will add agility to the engine and the speed of the vehicle will instantly increase. Thus, the dangerous maneuver will be successfully completed. No need to tempt fate and shift gears while overtaking.

How to brake properly

There are situations when it becomes necessary to use the engine and gearbox for effective braking. Decreasing vehicle speed by using engine power is used on steep descents, brake failure, brake failure, and slippery road surfaces.

Engine braking actions are as follows:

1. Release the gas pedal;
2. Squeeze the clutch and shift into low gear;
3. Slowly take your foot off the clutch pedal.

When braking the engine, precautions must be taken, as improper operation can lead to damage to the manual transmission.

Conclusion

In principle, shifting gears correctly on the mechanics is not as difficult as one might imagine at first glance. The most important thing is to fast with patience, and experience and skills will come with time.

Thank you for your attention, good luck on the road. Read, comment and ask questions. Subscribe to fresh and interesting articles of the site.

The number of cars with a manual transmission is decreasing every year, giving way to vehicles with automatic, robotic and CVT units. Many car owners, considering themselves experienced and skilled drivers, do not know how to properly shift gears on the “mechanics”, because they have never dealt with it. Nevertheless, true connoisseurs prefer to use a manual transmission, arguing that it is much more dynamic, gives more opportunities and can, with proper operation, last much longer than an automatic transmission. No wonder all sports cars are equipped with a manual gearbox. In addition, the need to independently make decisions about the transition from one gear to another develops the driver's "feeling for the car", the habit of constantly monitoring the engine's operating mode. The reliability and high maintainability of the “mechanics” are highly valued by users and ensure the demand for cars equipped with this type of transmission. Inexperienced drivers will benefit from some understanding of the principles of driving a car with a manual transmission, since such knowledge is never superfluous.

The principle of operation of the manual transmission

The crankshaft speed of most internal combustion engines is in the range of 800-8000 rpm, and the speed of rotation of the wheels of the car is 50-2500 rpm. Operation of the engine at low speeds does not allow the oil pump to create normal pressure, as a result of which an “oil starvation” mode occurs, which contributes to the rapid wear of moving parts. There is a significant difference between the modes of rotation of the crankshaft of the engine and the wheels of the car.

This discrepancy cannot be corrected by simple methods, since different power modes are required for different situations. For example, at the beginning of the movement, more power is needed to overcome the inertia of rest, and much less effort is required to maintain the speed of an already accelerated car. In this case, the lower the speed of rotation of the crankshaft of the engine, the lower its power. The gearbox serves to convert the torque received from the crankshaft of the engine into the power mode necessary for this situation and transfer it to the wheels.

The crankcase is more than half filled with oil to lubricate the gears involved in the work

The principle of operation of a mechanical gearbox is based on the use of pairs of gears with a certain gear ratio (the ratio of the number of teeth on two interacting gears). Slightly simplified, a gear of one size is mounted on the motor shaft, and another on the gearbox shaft. There are different types of mechanical boxes, the main of which are:

• Two-shaft. Used on front wheel drive vehicles.
• Three-shaft. Installed on rear wheel drive vehicles.

The design of the boxes consists of a working and a driven shaft, on which gears of a certain diameter are installed. By switching different pairs of gears, the corresponding power and speed modes are achieved. There are boxes with 4.5, 6 or more pairs or steps as they are called. Most cars have a five-speed gearbox, but other options are not uncommon. The first stage has the largest gear ratio, provides maximum power at minimum speed and is used to start the car from a standstill. The second gear has a smaller gear ratio, which allows you to increase speed, but gives less power, etc. Fifth gear allows you to achieve maximum speed on a pre-overclocked car.

Gear shifting is performed when the connection to the engine crankshaft (clutch) is disconnected. It is noteworthy that the manual transmission has the ability to go from first gear immediately to fifth. Usually, the transition from high to low gears occurs without significant problems, while when switching from first to fourth immediately, the engine most likely does not have enough power and it stalls. This requires the driver to understand the principle of gear shifting.

When to shift gears

In any case, the movement of the car begins when you turn on the first gear, or speed, as it is called in everyday life. Then the second, third, etc. are switched on in turn. There are no fundamental requirements for the gear shifting sequence, the decisive factors are the speed and driving conditions. There is a textbook scheme in order to figure out at what speed to shift gears:

First gear is used to start off, second allows you to pick up speed, third is needed for overtaking, fourth for driving around the city, and fifth for driving outside of it.

It must be borne in mind that it is an average and already fairly outdated scheme. Some experts argue that it should not be used while driving, it is harmful to the power unit of the machine. The reason lies in the fact that the technical characteristics of cars change every year, technology improves and gets new opportunities. Therefore, most drivers try to be guided by the tachometer readings, accelerating the engine to 2800-3200 rpm before upshifting.

It is difficult to constantly check the readings of the tachometer while driving, and not all cars have it. Experienced drivers are guided by their own instincts, controlling the sound of a running engine and its vibration. After some time of using manual transmission, a certain experience appears, which manifests itself at the level of a reflex. The driver switches to another speed without hesitation.

How to shift gears correctly

The principle of switching speeds common to all types of manual transmissions is as follows:

• The clutch is fully depressed. The movement is sharp, you should not hesitate.
• The desired transmission is switched on. You need to act slowly, but quickly. The lever is sequentially moved to the neutral position, then the desired speed is turned on.
• The clutch pedal is smoothly released until contact is made, at the same time the gas is slightly added. This is necessary to compensate for the loss of speed.
• The clutch is released completely, the gas is added until the desired driving mode appears.

Most manual transmissions have the ability to shift gears without using the clutch pedal. This only works while driving, it is mandatory to use the clutch pedal to start from a place. To shift, release the gas pedal and move the gearshift lever to the neutral position. The transmission will turn itself off. Then the lever is moved to the desired position corresponding to the gear you want to turn on. If the lever falls into place normally, it remains to wait a few seconds until the engine speed reaches the desired value so that the synchronizer does not prevent it from turning on. Downshifts are engaged in the same way, but it is advisable to wait until the engine speed drops to the appropriate value.

It must be borne in mind that not all types of manual transmissions have the ability to shift without a clutch. In addition, if the shifting is not performed correctly, the result is a loud crunch of the gear teeth, indicating unacceptable actions. In this case, you should not try to turn on the gear, you must set the lever to neutral, depress the clutch pedal and turn on the speed in the normal way.

For such a switch, you need the skill of driving a car with a manual gearbox, it is not recommended for beginners to use this technique right away. The benefit of having such a skill is that if the clutch fails, the driver can get to the service station on his own without calling a tow truck or tug.

As a rule, gears higher than the fourth are used to reduce fuel consumption, but you should not shift to a higher gear ahead of time

For novice drivers, it is important to carefully study the lever position diagram in order to avoid mistakes and engage exactly the right gear. It is especially important to remember the position of the reverse speed, since it has its own location on different boxes.

The main task that occurs when shifting gears is smoothness, the absence of jerks or jerks of the car. This causes discomfort for passengers, contributes to early wear of the transmission. The reasons for jerks are:

• Gear disengagement is out of sync with pressing the clutch pedal.
• Too fast gas supply after switching on.
• Inconsistency of operations with the clutch and gas pedals.
• Excessive pause when switching.

A typical mistake of beginners is poor coordination of actions, discrepancy between the work of the clutch pedal and the gear lever. This is usually indicated by a crunch in the box or jerks of the car. All movements should be worked out to automatism so as not to disable the clutch or other transmission elements. In addition, inexperienced drivers are often late with the inclusion of second gear or are generally poorly oriented in choosing the right speed. It is recommended to focus on the sound of the engine, which is best able to signal overload or insufficient acceleration. This contributes to fuel economy, since a timely shift to a higher gear allows you to reduce engine speed, and, accordingly, fuel consumption.

Always check that the shift lever is in neutral before starting the engine. If any gear is engaged, the vehicle will jerk forward or backward when starting, which may cause an accident or an accident.

Overtaking switch

Overtaking is a responsible and rather risky operation. The main danger that is possible when overtaking is the loss of speed, which increases the time to complete the maneuver. While driving, situations constantly arise when seconds decide everything, and it is unacceptable to allow delay when overtaking. The need to maintain and increase speed is the cause of frequent mistakes by inexperienced drivers - they shift to a higher gear, expecting that the driving mode will intensify. In fact, the opposite happens - the car loses speed when switching and picks it up again for a while.

Most drivers claim that the best option is to overtake at 3 speeds. If the car is moving to 4 at the time of overtaking, it is advisable to switch to 3. This contributes to the emergence of more power, acceleration of the car, which is very important when overtaking. Alternatively, when driving in 5th gear, before starting the maneuver, shift to 4th, overtake and re-shift to 5th gear. An important point is to achieve the optimum engine speed for the next speed. For example, if 4th gear requires 2600 rpm, and the car moves at 5 speeds from 2200 rpm, then you must first accelerate the engine to 2600 and only then switch. Then there will be no unnecessary jerks, the car will move smoothly and with the necessary power reserve for acceleration.

How to brake the engine

The brake system of the car is used when the clutch is disengaged and acts directly on the wheels. It allows you to effectively and quickly stop the vehicle, but requires careful and meaningful use. Locked wheels or a sudden transfer of the weight of the machine to the front axle due to emergency braking can cause an uncontrolled skid. This is especially dangerous on wet or icy road surfaces.

Engine braking is considered one of the mandatory skills that all drivers should have. A feature of this method is to reduce the speed of the machine without using the brake system. Slowing down is achieved by releasing the gas pedal with the clutch engaged, as a result of which the engine crankshaft speed drops, the power unit ceases to give transmission energy, but, on the contrary, receives it. The energy reserve due to the moment of inertia is relatively small, and the car quickly decelerates.

The greatest efficiency of this method is observed in low gears - first and second. In higher gears, engine braking should be used more carefully, since the inertia of movement is large and can cause feedback - increased loads on the crankshaft and all transmission elements as a whole. In such situations, it is recommended to help the main brake system or the parking brake (so-called combined braking), but use them carefully, in moderation.

When driving on an icy road, use engine braking to avoid skidding.

• Long slopes, descents, where there is a risk of overheating of the brake pads and their failure.
• Ice, icy or wet road surfaces, where the use of the service brake system causes the wheels to lock up, the machine skids and completely loses control.
• Situations when you need to calmly slow down before a pedestrian crossing, traffic lights, etc.

It should be borne in mind that the attitude of drivers to engine braking is ambiguous. Some argue that this technique allows you to save fuel, increase the life of brake pads, and improve driving safety. Others believe that engine braking places undesirable stress on the transmission components, which contributes to early failure. To a certain extent, both are right. But there is a situation in which engine braking is the only available means - a complete failure of the vehicle's braking system.

Engine braking requires caution. The problem is that the speed reduction is not displayed in any way, the brake lights do not light up. Other participants in the movement can only assess the situation after the fact, not being able to get the usual light information. This must be remembered and taken into account when braking. It is recommended to develop the skills of such a deceleration, to practice in a safe place.

The use of a manual transmission becomes the lot of connoisseurs, people who have a clear idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe device and the operating features of this unit. It is difficult for a person who is used to driving a car with an automatic transmission to get used to constantly controlling speed and power modes, although the automaticity of actions is developed quite quickly. Drivers with experience driving both types of cars note a greater number of "mechanics" possibilities. However, for confident and free use of manual transmission, a certain experience and understanding of its design features are required, which come only with practice.

Modern cars are equipped with different types of transmissions. It can be automatic with the well-known “torque converter donut”, stepless variator, DSG (Audi concern), tiptronic and so on. But no matter how they improve, one of the most reliable is considered to be the classical "mechanics". All cars of domestic production are equipped with this. The exception is the latest generations of Kalina and Vesta in top trim levels, where an automatic transmission is installed. VAZ-2114, regardless of the year of manufacture and configuration, was always equipped with "mechanics". Well, let's look at its device, principle of operation and features of operation.

Purpose

Mechanical is used to transmit torque from the engine to the wheels. It is controlled by a special lever VAZ-2114 is equipped with a classic "five-speed", as well as "Priora", "tens" and other domestic cars.

Device

The design of the VAZ-2114 transmission assumes the presence of the following elements:

• Box gears.
• Shafts. There are several. These are primary, secondary and intermediate.
• Synchronizers.
• Reverse gear. It consists of an additional gear and shaft.
• Gearshift lever.
• Transmission housing.
• Drain and fill hole for oil.
• Probe and breather.

The circuit is on the lever.

As you can see, everything is quite simple and clear. By the way, 4-speed gearboxes were used on the first generations of Samara. But now they are rarely seen. So, let's take a closer look at the design of the VAZ-2114 Samara-2 checkpoint. All main transmission units are contained in the crankcase. It is securely attached to the car engine. It also contains oil. When the gears are running, the gear teeth become very hot. Without lubrication, their life is significantly reduced. Therefore, there are between two and four liters of oil in the crankcase, depending on the type of vehicle. At the VAZ-2114 gearbox, it is recommended to use 3.3 liters of gear lubricant. So, let's continue to study the device. As for the shafts, during the operation of the unit, they rotate in bearings and have a set of five gears with different gear ratios. In order for each gear to turn on clearly and smoothly, synchronizers are provided. They smooth out the impact from the spinning gears when a certain speed is turned on. performs a gearshift lever connected to the backstage. It goes directly into the box. Also in the design of the transmission there is a locking device that prevents spontaneous disengagement of the transmission and a locking mechanism. It prevents the inclusion of several speeds at once in the box.

Gear operation algorithm

Thanks to these details, the perception and transmission of torque from the engine flywheel further to the wheels occurs. Each gear has a different number of teeth and gear ratio. With each subsequent transmission, it decreases.

Thus, the lower the gear ratio, the higher the speed of rotation of the wheels. In this case, the torque is reduced. That is, the most high-torque can be called the first and reverse gears.

rear

As for the latter, its gear ratio is 3.53. Reverse speed provides the rotation of the transmission shaft in the opposite direction. To do this, she needs an additional shaft with a separate gear. As a result, the number of pairs of gears changes to an odd one, and the torque changes its direction. Also, this transmission is devoid of a synchronizer - it cannot be turned on at speed. The VAZ-2114 gearbox has a gear with an equal gear ratio, which is 0.941. This is the fourth speed. Thus, the secondary shaft of the transmission rotates with the same effort as the secondary one. That is, the rotation of the two elements is the same. Motorists call it "straight".

Gear features

The car's highest torque is in first gear. It is not difficult for the engine to turn the wheels, but the speed of the car will not exceed 40 kilometers per hour. When this speed is reached, the tachometer needle is usually in the red scale. Therefore, for further movement, it is necessary to switch to a weaker, but faster gear. Then to the third, fourth and so on. All switching must be done sequentially. Engine power is not enough to confidently disperse the car at 20 kilometers in 3rd gear. Of course, if it's not a 5-liter V-8.

In our case, this is a VAZ of the 14th model, and for normal acceleration dynamics, you need to sequentially switch speeds, reducing the gear ratio. The fastest is the "fifth". The load on the engine is minimal here, hence the low fuel consumption. If a car spends 11-13 liters in the city, then on the highway this figure will not exceed seven. But this transmission has one drawback. It is practically devoid of torque. It will take a long time for the engine to pick up speed further. Therefore, it is better to use “reduced” for overtaking, in our case it is “straight”, the fourth speed.

Operation, repair and maintenance

To exclude the repair of the VAZ-2114 gearbox, the manufacturer recommends regular oil changes. In general, most mechanical transmissions are maintenance-free. That is, the period for changing the lubricant is the resource of the gearbox itself. But this applies to imported cars. Regarding Samara, we can say that for the normal operation of the gears, you need to change the oil in the gearbox. VAZ 2114 is no exception. The manufacturer allocates a period of 60 thousand kilometers. It is also recommended to change it after a long period of inactivity. For example, after the "wintering" of the car in the garage or on the street. Unlike engine oil, transmission oil has a higher viscosity. For a VAZ-2114 car, it is 80W-85.

If the oil is changed according to the regulations, this is a reliable protection of the gearbox from repair. But it also happens that the box starts to buzz. In this case, the gears change. Due to wear, the gap between the teeth increases. There is a backlash during rotation, which is accompanied by a hum. It can be in one or several gears at once. After such a repair, the noise in the box disappears. By the way, some motorists use a thicker lubricant to eliminate hums. But it is worth remembering that this is only a temporary solution and it will only delay transmission repair for a short time.

Changing the oil in a manual transmission

First you need to prepare the right amount of oil and the old container for "working out". The standard volume for five-speed gearboxes is 3.3 liters. The oil change procedure is not difficult, you can do it yourself. It is poured through the dipstick. It is recommended to “warm up” the box beforehand so that the oil becomes more liquid (especially in winter). We pre-clean the surface of the drain and filler (as a rule, this is an unscrewed probe) from dirt. After we remove the rubber plug and use the wire to clean the hole itself. We substitute the container for the old oil. It can be made from an unnecessary plastic canister by cutting out its side with a knife.

She is usually black. Then we twist the plug, take out the dipstick and fill in new oil through the hole. It is necessary to pour until the moment when it pours out of the "hatch". Then we twist the neck, start the engine and check for leaks. It is not necessary to tighten the bolts strongly, as you can strip the threads in the future. If, after the oil change procedure, the gearshift lever has not stopped “kicking”, and the transmission is buzzing, then a complete diagnosis of the transmission is necessary. Usually these are synchronizers or gears.

How to extend the service life?

To increase the life of the gearbox, it is necessary not only to change the oil regularly, but also to switch it correctly. Do not pull the gearshift lever - when switching from “first” to “second”, keep small pauses.

So you save the synchronizers and reduce the voltage on the gears. No matter what gear shift scheme you have, you do not need to keep your hand on the gearshift lever for a long time. Some use it as an armrest. It is not right. Switched the speed - let go of the hand. So you will delay the repair of the box and eliminate the occurrence of hum when driving.

Conclusion

So, we found out the device and the principle of operation of the mechanical VAZ-2114. Generally speaking, the mechanism of "mechanics" is very reliable - it is difficult to break it. But with an untimely oil change and aggressive switching, its resource is reduced several times.