Shifting gears on a manual transmission. Gear shifting in a car with manual transmission

21.10.2019

Instruction

The car can be equipped with an automatic (automatic) or manual (manual) transmission. If there is a manual transmission in the car, it must be taken into account that any car has specific speed intervals for each gear. When moving to a different speed range, you should switch to a different gear.

The speed interval corresponding to the first gear is 0-20 km/h. First gear is engaged to start the vehicle. When reaching a speed close to the maximum for a given gear, it is necessary to switch to second gear. It is permissible to switch to a higher gear at a speed of 40 km / h, while the crankshaft speed will reach its maximum, which will adversely affect the condition of the engine. Switching from first gear to second when accelerating to 3 km / h will be difficult, or the car will accelerate for a long time, which will negatively affect the operation of the engine and gearbox.

The speed interval for the second gear is the interval of 20-40 km / h. Approaching a speed of 40 km / h, you should switch to the third gear, which will lead to economical fuel consumption. A speed interval of 40-60 km/h is suitable for fourth gear. The engine runs smoothly, the transition is smooth and without jerks. When equipping the car with a five-speed gearbox, after gaining a speed of 90 km / h, you should switch to fifth gear. Economical fuel consumption will be carried out when driving 90-110 km / h in fifth gear. A further increase in speed will lead to more fuel consumption.

If you want to reduce the speed, you must consider the speed intervals for transmissions in descending order. The fourth gear should be included when the speed drops to 60-70 km / h. The third gear is engaged when the car is moving at a speed of 40-50 km/h. The second gear should be switched when the car reaches a speed of 20-40 km/h. In first gear, it is recommended to drive the car at a speed of 10-20 km / h, driving on uneven surfaces.

When determining the moment of gear shifting, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the vehicle in use. You should listen to the running engine, which, if the gear shift is not timely, will begin to “growl”. At the initial stages of using the car, you should remember about the speed intervals corresponding to the gears.

Driving skills can only be gained through active practice. However, this does not mean that a frightened new student cannot look for recommendations. The main issue of auto control is the principle of switching. Although for many it becomes a test to move off.

If there is a box, then you do not need to switch. There are, in principle, several options - forward, backward and neutral. If you have to learn, then you will have to switch gears for real. Most often the situation looks like this. The gearbox has six positions:

first speed;

second speed;

third speed;

neutral;

fourth speed;

back speed.

Sometimes there is a sixth, seventh position, it provides a high-speed mode. The manual gearbox works on the principle of increasing speed. The first position allows you to reach a certain speed. To move to the second position, you need to develop more speed, and so on.

The normal position for the shift lever is neutral. This is the point between the third and fourth speed.

To move off, you need to depress the clutch, move the lever to the first position and slowly press the gas, releasing the clutch.

With the development of speed over 20 km / h, you can switch to the second speed. In this case, you need to develop a higher speed.

If the car has enough speed to move to the next position, the engine will emit characteristic sneezes. Increase the speed in this case.

By analogy, further control of the car is also carried out. The main thing to understand is that you need to switch gears on a mechanical box in turn, and not bypassing positions. The principles of operation are best mastered in practice.

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Many novice motorists, having purchased a car with a manual transmission, are faced with a small difficulty: how to shift gears. Out of habit, you can often “burn out” the engine, or simply stall. Consider the gear shift algorithm.

You will need

- car with manual transmission

Instruction

Each engine, whether it is carburetor or, has its own “working” speed, at which it “pulls” everything, accelerates quickly and smoothly when you press the gas pedal. It depends on the size of the engine, its power, fuel quality and other factors. As a rule, this gap is between 2500-3500 rpm. At the end of the "working" interval, there is just the point at which you need to turn on the next gear, and at the beginning of it - the moment when you need to switch to the previous one.

Let's get down to practice. Let's say it's running and in neutral. We fully depress the clutch pedal, turn on the first gear (lever to the left, then forward), add gas to 1500-2000 rpm (this figure is highly dependent on the engine) and at the same time smoothly release the clutch. Do not throw the clutch abruptly, otherwise there is a risk of stalling, or the movement will be intermittent, spasmodic. Okay, let's move on.

First gear is usually not driven, it is very short. As soon as you set off and drove a couple of meters, the engine speed reached 2000-2500 per minute, you can switch to second gear. This must be done quickly and smoothly, in one movement. We release the gas, at the same time we squeeze the clutch pedal to the end, we pull the lever towards ourselves and a little to the left. Then, in one motion, smoothly raise the speed to 1500-2000, while simultaneously releasing the clutch pedal. In this case, the movement of the car should continue with acceleration, the car should not “burrow” with its nose. If you still experience a dip after shifting, then you either released the clutch too quickly, or did not raise the speed enough after shifting into gear.

In second and third gear it is good to continue acceleration, while keeping the speed in the "working" range of the engine. If you need to accelerate sharply, then you can spin the engine more, moving longer in one gear. And if you drive calmly, then the main thing is to smoothly shift gears and not twist the engine. Over time, you will learn to "catch" the right moment to upshift or downshift. Before that, it is recommended to drive calmly, without turning on the music, or be guided by the readings of the tachometer.

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note

With an aggressive driving style, do not use first gear, it is better to accelerate in second. Do not unscrew the engine to the "red zone" (6-7 thousand revolutions per minute), otherwise the motor will not serve you for a long time.
If the car is new, then the first two thousand kilometers it makes sense to refrain from sudden acceleration and engine spin-up over 3500 rpm.

Helpful advice

Reverse shifting (when you slow down) occurs in a similar way, however, it is recommended to release the clutch more slowly, because you will not always be able to calculate the ratio of the engine speed to the speed of movement, and there will be a risk of “stretching” the engine or slowing down sharply. In this case, the brake lights will not light up, and the car following you may not slow down.

Sources:

how to switch video transmissions

Proper shifting of gears on a car is the key to successful driving. "Mechanics" only at first glance seems complicated. If you practice, you will start shifting gears without thinking at all.

Instruction

Manual transmissionManual transmissions have 4 to 6 gears + reverse gear.
First gear (speed) at the beginning of the movement. To do this, press the clutch and turn the shift knob to the left and up.

The third gear is engaged at a speed of 40-50 km / h. Squeeze out the clutch, shift the gear knob from the second speed to the neutral position, and then immediately to the right and up.

Fifth gear is engaged at a speed of 100 km / h. From the fourth gear position with the clutch depressed, move the handle up much more to the right than the third gear. If after that the car has an uncharacteristic sound, a buzz, then you have confused fifth gear with third. Move the handle to neutral and shift into gear again.

Reverse gear in most cars is engaged when the handle is shifted from the neutral position with a slight downward pressure, strongly to the right and down. On some VAZ models, reverse gear is engaged with a slight push down, to the left, up.

Automatic transmission automatic transmission is convenient in that you do not need to depress the clutch and shift gears yourself - it does everything itself. At the beginning of the movement, you only need to move the handle to the D (drive) position, release the brake and the car will roll by itself. For braking, only the brake pedal is used. If you need to stop, you need to move the handle to the P (parking) position. To engage reverse gear, position R is engaged.

Robotic.
The relatively recently appeared robot box combines both a manual box and an automatic one. The switching system itself looks like an automatic one. There are special buttons on the steering wheel that allow you to put the machine in the mechanics position.

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Sources:

how to switch auto

Difficulties with driving a car begin almost immediately, as students get behind the wheel. Few people immediately manage to cope with a manual transmission. But if you master it, you will understand that you can get great pleasure from the manual transmission. After all, it is you who will drive the car, and not she you.

Instruction

A big mistake many drivers make is a sudden shift of the gear lever. No need to pull the lever - faster speed from this does not switch. But the life of the box can be significantly reduced.

If the box is tight or not the first time, then there may be a problem. This is especially noticeable when you shift gears, release the clutch pedal and the car "jerks" occurs. Another one that the car can do is untimely pressing the gas pedal. Many people are in such a hurry to gas that they press the gas without releasing the clutch pedal. The clutch pedal at this moment should be released quickly, but with a calm movement. And only after the clutch pedal is fully depressed, the gas pedal is pressed.

It is necessary to strictly observe the sequence of actions when shifting gears, especially at the beginning of the movement. Until you master the gearbox, the car will twitch or stall. When you have pressed the clutch and turned on the first speed, you need to press the gas and release the clutch pedal at the same time. How much gas you give, how much you release the clutch pedal. In no case should you throw it if you feel that the car is making a jerk. Hold the pedal a little at the very end until the car passes a couple of meters.

During fast driving, you can change gears when accelerating the car without following the sequence. We started from the first gear, instantly switched to the second, but further, if you are gaining speed intensively, you can immediately turn on the fourth gear. Or pick up speed until third gear is engaged, and then immediately switch to fifth.

Often, neutral gear is only used to bring the car to a complete stop. Although the “neutral” is convenient to use in traffic jams, in front of a traffic light, to slow down without braking. The latter is especially true for winter driving. But keep in mind that at a neutral speed you can not enter a turn, drive a rounded trajectory of the road - this can lead to skidding or demolition of the car.

Related videos

Sources:

shifting gears in the car

Driving a car is a complex business that requires your full attention. Training in driving schools is bearing fruit, but students do not always learn some important points. For example, at what point should one or another gear be switched.

A manual transmission is quite common in both domestic and foreign cars. The art of driving, including precise control, good acceleration and traffic control, lies on such cars, including the ability to switch speed in time.

Experienced drivers "feel" their car and shift gears, regardless of the speedometer or tachometer. Beginners should pay attention to these devices.

Driving schools teach you to rely more on the tachometer. Remember that upshifting should occur at two and a half to three and a half thousand revolutions. Decrease - at revolutions below one and a half thousand. In the event that the upshift occurs at a lower engine speed, the car will simply stall.

Learn carefully, and at first watch the position of the gear lever: do not jump from first to fourth, or from second to fifth. Don't put too much effort into moving the lever - gently guide it, the car itself will help you to select the desired gear.

If you take the speedometer as a guide, then adhere to the following rules. Switching from the first speed to the second occurs at a speed in the range of 20-30 km / h. From the second to the third - 50-70 km / h; from third to fourth - 80-100 km / h; from fourth to fifth - starting from 120 km / h. Please note that these speed figures are indicative only and may vary slightly depending on the vehicle make, mileage, condition and engine type.

With some driving skills and getting used to your car, you will be able to change gears without being distracted by the instruments. Experienced drivers are guided solely by the sound of the engine. Over time, you will also acquire the ability to hear your car and trust it in the difficult task of shifting gears.

Sources:

how to switch video speeds

When you work on the Internet, it becomes necessary to switch the data transfer rate. This can happen, for example, when multiple users log out of the same connection. Or you save traffic and try to control the amount of data sent.

Instruction

Provided that you use a download manager, such as Download Master, to download files, you can fix the download speed in the settings. In the main window of the program, you need to click the "Action" item. Then find the term "Speed". A new list will open, which will consist of five versions. Turn on the "Adjustable" setting. If everything is done correctly, you will see a slider on the bottom line of the download manager. Move it to adjust the speed to the desired value.

µTorrent is a torrent client that allows you to switch both download and upload speeds. In all, the default is "Unlimited", which means that you can lower the speed to the desired value. This feature is available for individual files and for the default installation. To switch the upload/download speed of a specific file, you need to select it from the list of torrents on the left. Click the right mouse button to bring up the context menu. In it, find the “Speed priority” option, then “Limit download speed” (“Limit upload speed”). A new menu will appear, where you need to put the required value. The first time the minimum speed is 25 KB / s, if you go the second time, the lower speed threshold will be less. The minimum speed is 1 KB/s.

The default speed value is changed in the general settings. Click the "Settings" item in the µTorrent menu, then the "Configuration" line. As an alternative - the key combination Ctrl + P. Select the "Speed" option. In the column on the right there will be two lines in which you can set the desired value, these are “Total upload speed limit” and “Total receive speed limit”. Set the desired speed value in KB/s in the required window.

NetLimiter is a program that is very easy to manage. Available for a trial period of 28 days. You can download it from the manufacturer's official website. Install, then click on the program icon, then click "Open". Set the connection speed detection type, for example, KBytes or Mbps. In the "Download speed" field, enter the desired speed value.

There is a free program called Traffic Shaper XP. Developer - Bandwidth Controller. From their site you can download the program, then install it on your computer. Run the program - you will see a window with the text "Welcome to the network setup wizard." Click "Next" / "Download speed" / "Upload speed", type in the desired value, click "Next". After you need to select the type of network connection (as a rule, this is "Local Area Network"), click "Next" and "Finish".

Today, there are two types of gearboxes used in cars: automatic or manual. And if using the automatic transmission does not cause any special problems (the name speaks for itself), then working with the manual transmission requires certain skills.

So, some practical advice on this issue.

1. Whenever changing gears (from lower to higher and vice versa), do not forget to depress the clutch pedal. Failure to follow this simple rule will very quickly make the checkpoint unusable, and repairs will cost you a pretty penny. The switching scheme is extremely simple "squeezed the clutch pedal - shifted gears - released the clutch pedal."

2. Gear shifting must be done smoothly, but quickly enough. Do not forget that at the moment you press the clutch pedal, the car simply turns into a body moving by inertia, and a long out of gear will simply seriously slow down the car.

1st gear is designed for starting off and accelerating to 15-20 km / h. The main mistake that beginners make is that the clutch pedal is released too sharply at the start and the car moves jerkily, often stalls. This can lead to failure of the gearbox components.

2nd gear - speed range 20-40 km / h.

3rd gear - 40-60 km / h.

4th - 60-80 km / h.

5th gear - above 80 km / h.

Calculations, it should be noted, are very approximate. If you are moving uphill, driving on snow or sand, then shift at higher speeds.

Useful secrets

A few more tips for newbies:

The gearshift lever must be in the free access zone of the right hand;
- do not be late with the inclusion of the second gear, the speed at which it can be engaged is reached almost immediately after the car has started off;
- while driving in a more or less stable speed mode, do not leave your left foot "hanging" over the pedal - it will get tired very quickly, just put it on the floor of the car to the left of the clutch pedal;
- when shifting gears, keep your left hand on the steering wheel in the “five to three” position, which will give you the opportunity, if necessary, to urgently maneuver;
- despite the fact that it is technically possible to immediately switch from first gear to third or from second to fourth (in principle, any options are possible), we recommend that you downshift and upshift nevertheless sequentially.

At first, the tachometer readings will help you switch in a timely manner, and in the future, as you gain driving experience, you can simply navigate by the sound of the engine.

Sources:

How to shift gears correctly
Switch target
Modern drivers often choose manual transmissions because they consider gear shifting to be an important function that cannot be trusted with automatics. Possession of this shift can significantly reduce fuel consumption, since the driver in manual mode can turn on a downshift when overloaded, and when the engine reaches high speeds, upshifts. In addition, proper gear shifting makes driving a car smoother, calmer and more dynamic, allowing the driver to select the optimal control modes.
Important advantages of a manual transmission are its low cost, as well as the commitment of many drivers to classic transmissions.
Conducting many tests and interviews with experienced drivers, it can be argued that manual gear shifting, when performed correctly, is more effective than automatic. In addition, it gives the best results in driving, since cars with different gearboxes, but the same engines, they differ significantly from each other. Also, the advantages of a manual transmission include a second when the car accelerates to 100 kilometers per hour, which is very, very much for some tests.
How to switch correctly
In order to change gears correctly, it is necessary to squeeze the clutch to the floor with a sharp movement, while simultaneously removing your foot from the gas pedal. Then you need to smoothly and quickly select the desired gear, first moving the gear lever to the neutral position, and then immediately to the desired gear position. After that, release the clutch pedal, slightly increasing the engine speed to compensate for the loss of speed, fully release the clutch and add a noticeable amount of gas.
The gear shift sequence is not fundamental - they can be turned on by jumping from first to third, from second to fifth, and so on.
One of the most common mistakes novice drivers make is shifting the gear lever, causing the car to lose speed. In addition, beginners often shift gears abruptly and absently, as a result of which some gearbox components are damaged. Also, a common mistake is to release the clutch pedal too sharply - this leads to twitching of the car and a damaged transmission.

The maximum speed on Russian roads is 130 km / h, and then only on certain highways.

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Usually the speed limit is two times less. How to switch gears on a car correctly so as not to accidentally break the rules?

If the drivers coped with the delivery of theory and practice for obtaining the right to drive, this does not mean that they know all the intricacies of operating a car.

Often the cause of “jerks”, “motor sneezes” and other “amenities” up to a breakdown is not the ability to correctly change the speed limit. How to change speed on a car?

What you need to know

A passenger car can have a manual or automatic transmission. Depending on the type of box, there is a way to control the speed limit.

Thus, the choice of speed is a very responsible matter. Not only the speed of movement depends on this, but also compliance.

For novice drivers, it is best to follow the "golden" rule - 50 km / h in the village and no more. In the process of movement, you can find out what speed is needed and will not exceed the speed limit.

How to learn to shift gears in a car

How to quickly shift gears in a car? In the process of learning how to change gears of a car, one must remember the most important principle - when changing gears, it is necessary to depress the clutch.

Photo: gearbox shift diagram

That is, the gearshift lever and clutch work in conjunction. Otherwise, it is better to immediately save money for the purchase of a new box.

But it must also be taken into account that the different speeds differ from each other in the switching technique. The general outline is:

depress clutch - shift gear - release clutch

For a beginner, it may come as a surprise that when shifting gears, the car loses speed and moves only by inertia. To avoid braking, auto speed should be switched smoothly.

Step-by-step instruction

To change the speed on the machine, you must follow the following procedure:

Mechanics

Despite the apparent complexity of working with mechanics, the driver should not think too much about switching - all movements should be automatic, at the level of reflexes.

Although this can only be achieved through continuous practice. The order of switching speeds corresponds to the algorithm described above, but it is worth clarifying some details:

Gear shifting depends on the speed of the car and the power take-off. Experienced drivers can determine the right moment by the sound of the engine.

But for beginners, when choosing a speed, it is better to focus on the speedometer readings:

Of course, these calculations are schematic, and other factors must be taken into account. Such values are applicable when the car is not loaded, and moves on a flat road without resistance.

In case of obstacles in the form of snow, sand, steep ascents, the gears are switched a little later than the indicated speeds.

You can also be guided by such a universal interpretation of speeds:

Machine

On the automatic transmission, instead of a lever, there is a lever with a button or a selector for selecting operating modes. The gears in the automatic transmission are switched automatically at the moment of acceleration.

But it is impossible to do without the participation of the driver. The main modes offered by the automatic transmission are:

There are additional modes, but they are used less often. Therefore, for a beginner, it is important first of all to study the main modes.

The procedure for switching the selector when driving a car with automatic transmission is as follows:

Start the engine (turn the ignition key).
Press the brake pedal.
Press the desired button on the selector lever.

To turn on the “drive”, you have to skip two positions, but you do not need to linger on them, since they are not needed when starting to move.

The desired gear will be engaged after releasing the brake after a couple of seconds. In general, the automatic transmission understands driver commands to move the gas pedal.

With a soft touch, acceleration will be smooth, and gear changes will be leisurely. Moreover, at first the car will switch to a lower gear, and then it will start accelerating.

To stop at the automatic transmission, just press the brake pedal. The lever can be moved after stopping.

If the stop is short, then you need to keep the brake pressed. With a longer stop, the “neutral” or “parking” mode is activated.

Movement on the second

The most powerful, but also the slowest, are the lowest gears. Therefore, first gear is used to start moving and driving at low speed.

Video: how to shift gears

For overclocking, you need to go to the second speed. She is not as strong, but faster. Only after the second gear is activated, you can move on to the next one.

To turn on the second gear, you need to follow the following procedure:

Moving in second gear, you should get used to the road, learn to notice the signs and markings.

Important! Some car owners ignore certain speeds, for example, immediately switching from second to fourth.

If the speed is insufficient to transmit the speed, the motor begins to “sneeze”, and sometimes stalls. But even in the absence of such aspects, skipping speeds leads to rapid wear of engine components and parts.

But this option, although simple, leads to increased wear of the clutch discs. More optimal use of regassing.

As an example, switching from third gear to second:

At the third speed, accelerate to 50 km / h. On the tachometer 2500 rpm.
Release the gas and at the same time squeeze the clutch and at the same time put the neutral.
Simultaneously release the clutch and make a short press on the gas. On the tachometer up to 4000 rpm.
Depress the clutch pedal.
Engage second gear and simultaneously release the clutch and add gas if necessary.

On a diesel car

The peculiarity of a diesel car is that the gears on it can be switched very early, up to 1,500 rpm. This saves fuel.

But driving such cars at a speed of 80 km / h without using the last gear is not worth it, since high speeds are poorly tolerated by the engine.

The main nuances that allow you to save fuel are as follows:

gear shifts early;
it is desirable to use less switching to lower speeds;
in operation, it is recommended to adhere to the speed indicated in the instructions for the car.

On a right hand drive car

The following points should be attributed to the features of driving a car with a right-hand drive:

The most difficult thing when driving a right-hand drive car is the synchronization of the movements of the legs and left hand when switching gears.

But, as a rule, you can get used to it quickly. The rest of the rules are the same as for a left-hand drive car.

The advent of automatic transmissions did not cause enthusiasm among motorists, since today they are considered uneconomical. And not everyone can afford to buy a car with a really good and reliable automatic transmission. Therefore, most drivers have to use a manual transmission, which is not so easy to master. To help beginners who are just learning all the basics of driving a car with a manual transmission in this matter, we have prepared this article.

1. Start of movement and gearbox.

Starting the car is possible only when the gear is engaged and the petrol supply is opened. In general, this task looks quite simple, but when you get behind the wheel of a car and you need to drive onto a busy road, you can get confused. Moreover, at the time of the start, the car can simply stall, which leads inexperienced drivers into bewilderment. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to properly balance the pressing of the gas and clutch pedals. In order for the engine to start and not stall, at some point they both must be in the pressed state.

However, it is even more important to use a manual transmission correctly. If the car starts from a flat and dry surface, it is recommended to move the gear lever to the first position. Since it will transmit quite intense torque to the wheels, the car engine is unlikely to stall.

Another important point: it is necessary to turn on the gear only after the clutch pedal is literally pressed into the floor of the car. At the same time, the automatic transmission lever itself must be moved slowly. During its switching, you will feel a natural resistance that cannot be overcome by sudden efforts. But if at the same time you hear an unpleasant sound from the operation of the lever and a sharp shift in the point of resistance, move the lever to neutral, then fully release the clutch pedal and try the task again.

The signal that you have switched to the desired gear will be the missing effort and the stop of the movement of the lever itself. At this point, he will hit the stop located at the end of the groove, which will fix the lever.

But all these recommendations are useful for driving in the dry and warm seasons. When winter comes and the cold comes, it is better to start in second gear, which is also necessary for novice drivers to familiarize themselves with. By starting in second gear, you can avoid wheel spin on slippery and wet roads. With such a start, it is also possible to avoid skidding and burying car wheels in loose snow.

Such a start is performed in the same way as described above, however, it has a small feature. If the balance between pressing the gas pedal and the clutch is harsh, you risk putting a lot of stress on the car engine. That's why the balance between pressing the two pedals should be as fine as possible. When starting on your car, you need to consider a few simple recommendations that will help you avoid breakdown and premature wear of a manual transmission:

1. Do not sharply move the gearshift lever and try to switch from gear to gear by applying too much effort to it.

2. The clutch pedal must be released as smoothly as possible.

3. Control the rate of fuel delivery.

2. Using a manual transmission on the go.

Proper gear shifting while the car is moving allows you to ensure good dynamics in the operation of all automotive components, reduce fuel consumption and prevent the possibility of breakdowns of the gearbox itself. If you were previously interested in the question of the correct use of the gearbox, then you probably came across the following recommendation: each of the positions of the gearshift lever corresponds to a certain speed at which the car is moving. But this recommendation has nothing to do with reality. Do not forget that each car has its own individual power, which depends both on the power unit and on the state of the main working units of the entire automobile body. Moreover, each car has its own gear ratios, which are selected individually.

The best recommendation for inexperienced drivers is to keep an eye on the car's tachometer. If on its dial you see an indicator in the range from 2500 to 3500 rpm, then the engine is running most economically, and there is no need to switch to another gear. If the operation of the engine has become very intense, then it is necessary to switch to the next, higher gear. In this case, do not forget about the clutch, the pedal of which must be fully depressed. If the engine speed drops, it is necessary to change gear again, but in this case it will be necessary to shift to a lower one.

If you are overclocking, then you need to shift gears sequentially, moving from first to second, from second to third, and so on. In general, it is possible to jump over one or two gears of the gearbox, but in such a situation it is necessary to be extremely careful with the clutch. If the pedal is not fully depressed, there is a possibility of damage to the manual transmission shafts.

It should be noted that directly while driving, a manual transmission gives the driver a number of advantages. In particular, thanks to it, you can prepare in advance for difficult traffic situations. For example, according to the rules of the road, it is necessary to switch to a lower gear stage in the following cases:

1. When you come up a very steep hill.

2. When it is necessary to move along a rather dangerous descent.

3. During overtaking.

4. On very tight turns.

The gearbox can save you even if you can't use the brakes. For example, if you have to drive on a slippery section of the road or go downhill. In such situations, it is recommended to start braking with the engine. To do this, simply release the gas pedal and shift from the highest gear to the lowest until the speed drops to the required limit. In this case, you should not increase the engine speed very much and, if possible, still use the brake system.

For drivers with more experience shifting gears is no problem, as they are guided by the sound of the engine. However, changing behind the wheel of another car, you still have to learn everything anew and adapt to the features of its engine. For a true pro, the clue to shifting gears is to observe how the car reacts when pressed. When the engine reaches a certain level of performance, it simply shifts to the next gear, thereby improving the performance of the car as a whole.

There is a definite difference in the shifting of gears on sports cars that are equipped with high-speed engines. In order to master the driving of such a car, it is necessary to attend special courses that teach driving high-speed cars.

3. Secrets of efficiency of a mechanical transmission.

Even knowing how to shift gears at a checkpoint, it is also necessary to master certain rules, thanks to which it will be possible to reduce fuel consumption and reduce the load on the power unit. These secret recommendations are as follows:

1. To reduce fuel consumption, gaining acceleration, it is necessary to switch gears quickly enough. As we have already said, the optimal switching points are individual for each car model. But in general, the transition from the first stage to the second is recommended to be carried out at the moment when the car accelerates to 25 km / h. You can shift to higher gears already when accelerating to 50-60 km / h.

2. Use the basic rule for using a manual transmission, which is: if the engine is running too hard and the car does not need that much power to maintain the required speed, you need to move up.

3. Changing to a lower gear must be carried out if, without pressing the gas pedal, the car begins to slow down. Do not drive slowly in high gears as this contributes to very high fuel consumption.

The first rule that will help ensure the correct operation of a manual transmission is the timely maintenance of the car and all its components. But besides this, it is also important to use the gearbox correctly, which will increase its service life at times:

1. To increase transmission efficiency and prevent wear on parts, drive in direct gear if your vehicle has one. By doing this, you will shorten the path of torque and take the load off the gears, which will be less involved in the transmission of torque.

2. Do not leave the clutch depressed if the car has already accelerated to a speed of 20 km / h. It is especially important to consider this recommendation for vehicles with rear-wheel drive. It is equally important to know that pressing the clutch pedal must be done as quickly as possible. But you need to release this pedal smoothly. This will avoid slippage and will not cause premature wear of parts.

3. It is not recommended to stop the car solely by switching gears. For this, it is also necessary to use a braking system, in parallel with which it is possible to switch from higher gears to lower ones.

4. Do not leave your car in gear in winter.

5. So that when driving on ice, the wheels do not lose traction, do not change gears abruptly.

6. To reduce the load on the power unit during gear shifting, you can do the following: before shifting to a lower gear, slow down a little with the help of the brake system.

7. Do not forget to clean the gearbox and maintain the correct oil level. Use only lubricants recommended by your vehicle manufacturer.

Along with this, there are a number of actions that are unacceptable during the operation of a manual transmission. We are talking about fast and sharp switching from one gear to another. It is strictly forbidden to drive the car on a slippery road with the clutch disengaged or in the neutral gear. It is impossible to switch to reverse gear if the car is moving forward. By following all these rules and providing a manual transmission with the necessary and timely maintenance, you will not only get rid of possible problems in its operation, but also extend its service life as much as possible.

To date, the volume of production of new cars equipped with is growing noticeably. However, cars with a manual transmission are also popular, especially among experienced motorists, who are rightfully considered the most reliable.

In practice, a manual transmission can indeed be considered a more reliable solution than an “automatic” and, all the more so. However, the main disadvantage, especially for novice drivers, is the principle of operation of the manual transmission and the control of such a box against the background of automatic ones.

Next, we will talk about how a manual box is arranged and superficially consider the principle of operation of a gearbox of this type, and also pay special attention to how gear shifting is carried out on the mechanics.

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The principle of operation of a manual transmission

Initially, a manual transmission may seem like a complicated and inconvenient solution, as recently an increasing percentage of future motorists are learning to drive in cars equipped with automatic transmission. The reason is simple - such drivers do not have the proper experience in driving a car with a manual transmission.

At the same time, it is a manual gearbox that fully allows you to reveal the concept of “driving a car”. To learn how to drive a mechanic and professionally drive a car with such a gearbox, you need to understand the scheme of its device and know the principle of operation of its mechanisms.

So, a manual transmission refers to step gearboxes, the principle of which is based on a change. Each stage has its own gear ratio (the ratio of the number of teeth of the driven gear to the number of teeth of the drive gear).

Passenger cars are usually equipped with a 4-speed, 5-speed or 6-speed gearbox. On trucks, the number of gearbox gears reaches 12 (due to the use of half steps for more efficient use of the internal combustion engine torque at high traction loads).

The main parts and assemblies of a manual transmission:

input shaft (drive), output shaft (driven) and intermediate shafts with gears;
gearbox housing;
additional axle and reverse gear;
gear lever;
gear change mechanism with locking and locking device (gear shifting);

As for the principle of operation of the manual transmission, to start the movement of the car, the gear lever is used, which is transferred from the neutral position to the first gear position.

The locking mechanism fixes the position of the lever, preventing this gear from disengaging. The inclusion of gears leads to the clutch of the gears of the primary, secondary and intermediate shafts.

Gears have a different number of teeth. If the sum of the gear teeth on the input shaft is half the number of gear teeth on the intermediate shaft, the gear ratio will be halved.

For example, if the first gear has 20 teeth and the second gear has 40, then for two revolutions of the first gear, the second gear will only make one revolution (gear ratio is 2). The manual transmission of the car has a large set of gears.

By engaging different pairs, it becomes possible to change the overall gear ratio of the gearbox. It turns out that as a result of the transmission of the impulse of rotation of the input shaft of the engine through the intermediate axle to the secondary shaft of the gearbox, the gearbox distributes the load on the engine and controls the speed of the car.

By means of an additional axle with a reverse gear, a reverse movement (reverse) is performed. Synchronizers located in the intervals of the gears of the secondary shaft provide smooth and silent gear shifting.

Gear shifting on the mechanics at the start of the car

So, before starting the movement, it is necessary to squeeze the clutch and set the gear lever to the neutral position.

Then, while holding the brake pedal, you can start the engine, after which, releasing the brake pedal, you will need to depress the clutch pedal and, without releasing it, engage first gear.

After engaging the first gear, gently releasing the clutch, you can start moving. If necessary, parallel to the smooth release of the clutch, the gas pedal is also lightly pressed.

It must also be remembered that when accelerating the car, the gear shifting order must be strictly ascending. Even after the start of the movement, it is no longer necessary to release the clutch as smoothly as possible. In other words, after engaging, for example, second or third gear, the clutch can be "thrown" faster and sharper.

If you need to apply emergency braking, you should simultaneously depress the brake and clutch pedals, while the gear lever can be moved to neutral later.

Gear shifting in a manual transmission occurs in the following ranges: first gear 0-20 kilometers per hour, second gear 20-40 kilometers per hour , third gear 40-60 km/h, fourth gear 60-90 km/h, fifth gear 90-110 km/h.

The sixth gear is engaged when the vehicle is moving at a speed of over 110 kilometers per hour. Also, reverse gear is engaged only after the car has come to a complete stop.

Proper gear shifting of the manual transmission prevents premature engine wear and reduces fuel consumption. It should be remembered that with improper gear shifting, the clutch disc mainly suffers, as it experiences heavy loads.

In other words, proper shifting of manual transmission gears will save clutch life and protect the element from wearing out too quickly.

The main mistakes of drivers when shifting gears to manual transmission

Incorrect operation of the pedals. In the first case, the clutch pedal is first depressed, while the foot is still on the gas pedal.
In this case, there is a "regassing", the engine starts to roar, then the gas pedal is released and the gear is switched.

In the second case, when the gas pedal is first released, and then the clutch is pressed, appears (the so-called "peck"). In this situation, the car first goes to the brakes, and then the engine is disconnected from the gearbox, after which the gear shift is done.

Incorrect operation of the gear lever. Abrupt gear shifting or gears shifting diagonally, with the wrong gears being engaged.
Incorrect gear selection. This occurs when the driver of the vehicle, while driving, decelerates, depresses the clutch and engages a gear that does not correspond to this speed mode. The result is that the engine speed either rises too much or drops too much, the car may stall.

Many novice drivers engage a high gear when overtaking a vehicle, thereby losing dynamics and speed. In this case, experienced motorists recommend lowering the gear by one or two steps at the beginning of overtaking.

What is the result

As you can see, even taking into account the fact that manual transmissions are known for their reliability, durability and maintainability, it is necessary to adhere to the basic rules for operating a manual transmission described above. Otherwise, even a reliable manual car will soon require a major overhaul.

We also note that in order to learn how to drive a car on the mechanics, smoothly release the clutch, turn on and select the right gears in a timely manner, you will need patience and practical skills.

For this reason, without some driving experience during the initial training period, it is better to give up trying to drive on public roads in a car with a manual transmission. It is optimal to master the "mechanics" in closed areas under the guidance of an experienced instructor.

Mistakes made by beginners when shifting gears

With the help of this pedal on the mechanics, the process of mechanically disconnecting the engine drive from the wheel drive is going on. Therefore, on the mechanics, when switching from low speed to high speed or vice versa, you need to depress the clutch pedal. If you do not learn the correct operation of this mechanism, then you are guaranteed not only the speedy repair of the car, but also the likelihood of getting into a traffic accident increases.

The main mistakes that most often occur when shifting gears for beginners can be called the following:

Regassing or pecking of the car (short-term engine braking) at the moment the gas pedal is released and the clutch is pressed. This is due to the fact that the student releases the gas faster than he squeezes the clutch in case of a dive. Or vice versa, he quickly presses the clutch, while not releasing the gas pedal, as a result, regassing occurs.
Transfer the emphasis to the hand with which the student holds the steering wheel (pulls the steering wheel to the left) at the moment the gear is engaged. This habit can easily lead you astray.
Incorrect operation with the gearbox lever. The transmission is switched on not according to the scheme, but obliquely. This leads to the fact that instead of the desired transmission, a completely different speed is switched on. For example, instead of the first gear, the third is switched on, and instead of the second, the fourth. The location of each gear should be known even before you get behind the wheel for the first time. And it is better to train in switching gears on an unstarted car and exactly according to the scheme. In this way, various problems can be avoided, such as those associated with incorrect shifting while driving.
Also, novice drivers often divert attention to the gear lever when shifting, instead of keeping an eye on the road. This is strictly prohibited and may lead to an accident, try not to look at it.
As practice shows, it also becomes difficult to choose the moment for the subsequent shift or not knowing which gear to turn on at a particular speed. We'll talk about this in more detail below.

You can also learn about the mistakes of novice drivers from the following video:

Correct shifting while driving

Often there are situations when inexperienced drivers start to switch without gaining the desired speed. Ultimately, this destroys not only the transmission, but also the engine of the car. When driving on highways or highways, shifting should be smooth, gears should be changed as the vehicle speed increases.

You should not have the goal of reaching the highest gear at low vehicle speeds, and vice versa, constantly driving at high engine speeds. Only the desired gear should be selected, corresponding to the current speed of the vehicle. Since each gear has its own optimal speed mode, in which the engine works most efficiently and economically.

We watch a useful video on how to shift gears using the speedometer or tachometer while driving:

Feature of driving a car on the mechanics

For novice drivers, some of the nuances of driving a car with a manual transmission may be surprising news. For example, when changing gears in the gearbox, the car loses a certain speed. And the longer you delay shifting, the more speed the car loses.

If you need to upshift, then you need to shift the lever quickly, without wasting time thinking about this step. But this does not mean that you need to sharply "stick" the lever into the wrong position. Try to prepare in advance for the inclusion of a particular gear, even before changing speed. Since your car will suffer greatly from sudden and incorrect switching.

Remember that when overtaking a car, you should not switch unless you guarantee to do it quickly and correctly. This is especially true in cases where the maneuver must be completed in a minimum period of time or in an extreme situation.

How to shift gears on the mechanics while driving?

In fact, the actions are simple, in the process of driving everything is worked out to automatism:

First of all, you should remove your foot from the accelerator pedal and, at the same time, depress the clutch pedal all the way.
Next, you need to shift to a lower or higher gear, depending on what you want to do.
After that, you need to release the clutch pedal very slowly and smoothly, while adding gas.

It is worth noting that with proper switching there should not be any jerks or jerks. At the same time, the engine should not roar much, everything should go smoothly and without unnecessary noise.