Motors with different characters. Motors with different characters Gazelle 3302 technical specifications 406 engine

30.10.2019

GAZ 31105 with an injection engine ZMZ-406, like any other car, has its own characteristics. In the people, such a car is simply called the Volga. The features of this car are associated not only with external characteristics, but also with the technical side.

This is how the ZMZ 406 engine installed on Gas 31105 looks like

Engine power system type 406 injector include:

Scheme of the device of the engine ZMZ 406 for Gas 31105

The power system was installed exactly the same as on. That is, she also had an outboard fuel pump. For model gas 31105, such a pump is installed using a bracket under the bottom. Activated after receiving a command from the electrical circuit controlled by the motor. After that, fuel is supplied to the rail from the tank, gasoline passes through a fine filter.

On models 11 years old, a submersible fuel pump is installed. Such a system captures vapors better and reduces toxicity. The space above the vehicle's fuel tank is connected to a vapor recovery system through a filter, which is a carbon-based device. All domestic cars are good in their own way. It's a matter of taste here.

It looks like the head of the engine block ZMZ 406

The technical characteristics of all are quite high. Initially, the 3110 was considered the best, but it was replaced by a new one. Spending on the Volga is fully justified, but the price depends on what technical characteristics the car has.

So, you can additionally install a better system. It is important to constantly check the carburetor, and also to prevent overheating if installed. This type of engine is considered the best for this model. Not recommended . This is due to the fact that it requires a lot of money. And repairs will generally cost more than the car itself. Therefore, the most optimal engine is 406.

Installed motor ZMZ 406

Such an engine is produced at the Zavolzhsky Motor Plant, supplying components to. This is the best product in the entire line. Such an engine can be found on.

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When the last model of the gazelle was updated and received the 406 engine, the 402 was completely discontinued. Now it can only be found at private traders or at showdowns. For all the time, the 406 injection engine has gained great popularity. Until now, it is not inferior to modern motors. It has high rates of economy and reliability. Moreover, its cost is affordable for any car owner.

Path from 402 to 406

Unfortunately, the 402 engine had a number of shortcomings that have been tried to be eliminated over time. For example, he constantly overheated. Most often, cases of overheating were noticed in the summer. The car began to boil, the engine needed repair. All shortcomings were corrected later. During the reconstruction, a new model 406 appeared. This model was similar to the previous ones, but was distinguished by higher strength.

The most important advantage is the injector. Fuel consumption has become much less. And in the winter, the engine picked up speed faster. In addition, the price has dropped significantly.

Reliability was a distinctive feature, so the model still occupies a leading position in the market. Engine repairs are carried out on mileage indicators of 200-300 km. However, the cost will be quite high. The engine has a diagnostic system that allows you to evaluate the operating margin.

Electronic devices are capable of outputting data, storing them and eliminating obsolete indicators. The operation of the motor is always under control. All malfunctions are coded, and their decoding is stored in the service book. Those that are constantly repeated are deleted on their own. To find out about the data that the motor stores, you need to purchase a special tester. With it, you can display all the data on the computer. It is connected to the diagnostic connector block.

True, only specialists can do this. The cost is quite acceptable. Disconnecting the battery will erase all information. This should not be discounted. However, this fact does not affect the operation of the engine at all. The main thing is that the engine does not require any modifications and has a low. If fuel consumption becomes high, then you should look for the reason why this is happening.

Disassembled carburetor of the ZMZ 406 engine

It is possible that the whole thing is in the filters, which it is time to change. 406 engine attracts with its affordability and prevalence on sale. It can be found without problems at an attractive price. It does not require any additional investment. Reviews about him are positive. The owners of such a motor note that it is not capricious, reliable, durable. This can not but rejoice those who are going to buy it.

GAZelle vehicles are equipped with UMZ and ZMZ engines, however, in recent years, power units of the ZMZ-406 series have been given the greatest preference. One of the most modern motors in this line is the ZMZ-40630A - its design, characteristics, features and maintenance are described in the article.

General view of the ZMZ-40630A engine

The ZMZ-406 engine line has been produced by the Zavolzhsky Motor Plant since 1997, during which time the power unit has received the widest distribution (more than one and a half million units have been manufactured), fame and popularity among motorists. The current engine modifications have gone far from the original 406 engine, they have excellent performance, high reliability and quality, thanks to which they have won a serious market share.

ZMZ-40630A is one of the latest engine modifications with improved performance. This is a carbureted four-cylinder in-line engine with a working volume of 2.3 liters and a power of 98 hp, designed for the use of A-92 (AI-93) gasoline. The gas distribution mechanism of the motor is a two-shaft 16-valve, both shafts are located in the upper part of the cylinder head. The motor is equipped with a modern microprocessor ignition system. The power unit is equipped with a K-151D carburetor, which replaced the early Solexes.

The 406 injector engine for the Volga car is presented in the form of an in-line four-cylinder engine with 16 valves. The injection is controlled by an electronic control system. Power units of this type are installed on GAZ 3302 and 3110 vehicles.

Later internal combustion engines of the ZMZ 4062 model are equipped with a distributed injection system.

Design features of the ZMZ 406 injector engine

The 406 injector engine is distinguished by certain design features:

The camshafts are located at the top of the cylinder head.
Each cylinder contains four valves.
An increased compression ratio of 9.3.
Replacing the carburetor power system with a different, more advanced design.

The compression ratio is increased both through the use of spark plugs located in the central part of the combustion chamber, and through the use of a fundamentally different type of injection system. The combustion of fuel is the most complete. The usual carburetor power system is also changed here.

In Gazelle 406 engines, injectors of the new version, cylinder blocks are made of durable cast iron instead of the usual aluminum. The design of the cylinder head (cylinder head) does not provide for plug-in liners, it has higher rigidity and clearance stability.

Engineers have provided for a noticeable reduction in piston stroke, now it is 86 mm. The weight parameter of pistons and fingers has been reduced due to the use of more technologically advanced modern materials. Modern quality materials are also used in the manufacture of the crankshaft, connecting rods and other parts.

To drive the camshafts, an original chain design is used, equipped with hydraulic tensioners that operate automatically. The new motor does not require constant adjustment of the necessary clearances.

The forced ZMZ 406 injector uses a higher quality lubricant, an improved design oil filter and additional cleaning elements.

With the help of a new power unit control system, the ignition system, fuel dosing, and ignition angle adjustment have been improved.

Benefits of injection type design

Thanks to the improvements in the design of the engine, there have been tangible changes in the characteristics of the updated power unit:

Power boost.
Torque increase.
Reduced fuel consumption.
Improving the indicators of toxicity of exhaust gases.

Technical characteristics of the injection internal combustion engine (ICE):

The volume of the cylinders is 2.3 liters.
The direction of rotation of the crankshaft is to the right.
The maximum power that the ZMZ 406 injector engine can develop is 110 horsepower.
The brand of fuel consumed is gasoline 92.
Fuel is injected directly into the pipe.
The lubrication system works on the principle of forced uniform spraying of oil under pressure on the rubbing surfaces of working parts.

The motor is forced cooled with antifreeze or antifreeze coolant.

Which engine to choose - carburetor or injection

Many car owners are increasingly attracted to the injection version of the power unit instead of the usual carburetor model. Gazelle 406 injection engine is increasingly being installed on heavy vehicles.

The Zavolzhsky Automobile Building Plant equips such cars as the Volga, UAZ, Gazelle with more powerful injection engines. These brands of cars require an increase in power, a gasoline power unit of this type is able to develop as much horsepower as is required for their stable operation.

Cons of a carbureted engine

Comparing the 406 carburetor engine with an injection analogue, one can be convinced of the noticeable preponderance of the second in terms of such indicators as power and performance. The main reason for significant differences is the original power system. In a carbureted engine, fuel is supplied to the cylinder as the rpm increases, resulting in lower power and acceleration.

The carburetor engine is less economical due to the impossibility of finely adjusting the supply of gasoline. It is almost impossible to more accurately adjust the amount of fuel, which is reflected in the performance and fuel consumption.

Despite the shortcomings described, many car owners love their carbureted engines. A car equipped with such a power unit is reliable and durable as much as a proven horse can withstand the load.

Advantages and disadvantages of injection power units

The ZMZ 406 engine injector is noticeably superior to the carburetor counterpart in terms of reliability, economy and power. One of the main positive qualities of injectors can be noted that there is no need to make mandatory adjustments to the motor. The power system here is not subject to clogging, there are no jets, fuel in the exact amount enters directly into the cylinders.

The main disadvantage of injection-type engines is the inability to independently restore the operating mode. Judging by the numerous reviews, if the engine breaks down along the way, the driver will not be able to repair it with his own hands.

This is due to the fact that the operation of all systems of injection-type power units is carried out under the full control of electronics. The failure of at least one electronic sensor will lead to changes in the performance of the entire internal combustion engine.

In order to avoid unstable operation or stop of the injection engine, it is necessary to install only imported elements, carry out regular maintenance and thorough diagnostics of the car.

Description of encountered problems

Power units ZMZ 406 are very amenable to repair measures, many components and parts are successfully restored. The most frequently performed operations are:

crankshaft grinding;
reaming of the cylinder block.

Due to the fact that the cylinder head is made of cast iron, this part does not suffer from low-quality grades of coolants. The main need for high quality lies only in engine oil. The internal department of the 406 injection power unit is very sensitive to the wrong choice of brand of lubricant, and also requires a complete change of engine oil on a regular basis within the specified time.

Numerous reviews of car owners indicate an increased consumption of lubricating fluid on GAZ 406 engines of the injection type.

Conclusion

The main and main advantages of the 406 ZMZ power unit include a high coefficient of performance (COP) and reliability. Due to the fact that any unit and internal part can be replaced with imported samples, it is possible to significantly extend the life of the vehicle and increase its efficiency.

Differing from them in greater power and better dynamics with a smaller displacement (2.3 liters versus 2.5 in 402), besides, the new engines turned out to be more economical. In the first years of production, carburetor engines were installed on GAZ vehicles, then they were gradually replaced by injection engines.

ZMZ 406 engine for GAZ vehicles

On cars "Volga" and "Gazelle" were used:

4061.10 - carburetor on 76 gasoline (compression ratio - 8);
4062.10 - injection on 92 gasoline (compression ratio - 9.3);
4063.10 - carburetor on 92 gasoline (compression ratio - 9.3).

On some GAZ vehicles, other engines of the Zavolzhsky Motor Plant were also used, for example, ZMZ-405.
Since 2006, only injection engines, more modern and with better performance, have been installed on Gazelle and Volga cars. The disadvantages inherent in carburetor options are a thing of the past.

ZMZ-406 - in-line four-cylinder engine. Its main part is the cylinder block made of gray cast iron.

Disassembled motor ZMZ 406

It is heavier than aluminum, but has increased rigidity and does not require replaceable sleeves.
The design of the engine has changed significantly compared to the previous model (ZMZ-402). An important feature is that there are two camshafts in the cylinder head, one of which is designed for intake valves, the other for exhaust valves. Their drive is chain, two-stage, with hydraulic tensioners operating in automatic mode.

Each cylinder has four valves to improve the intake of the working mixture and the exhaust gases. The valves are actuated by hydraulic pushers and do not require gap adjustment. Spark plugs are located in the center of the combustion chambers, which allowed to increase the compression ratio.

Main technical data ZMZ-4062.10:

Comparison of technical characteristics of various modifications of the ZMZ-406 engine

Weight, kg - 192;
Volume, liters - 2.28;
Compression ratio - 9.3 (8 *);
Power, l. With. - 145; 100*; 110**;
Torque, Nm - 200.9; 181.5*; 191.3**;
Brand of gasoline - AI-92, A-76 *;
Volume of oil, liters - 6;
Coolant volume, liters - 10.5.

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* - data for 4061.10; ** - for 4063.10.
Due to the use of hydraulic mechanisms, 406 engines have increased requirements for oil quality. Good cleaning is ensured by a full flow oil filter with a replaceable element. The design provides for a bypass valve through which oil is supplied in cases where it is difficult to pass through the main filter (it is dirty or thick oil after starting a cold engine). The valve has its own additional filter.

Comparison of injection and carburetor engines

The main difference between these modifications is the method of preparation and intake of the combustible mixture into the combustion chamber.

Carburetor for ZMZ 406 engine

On carburetor 4061 and 4063, the traditional method was used, on injection 4062, a new (for that time) version of gasoline injection through nozzles, controlled by an electronic microprocessor, was used.
When using injectors, the accuracy of fuel dosage increases, injection and ignition of it occurs at the optimal moment. Engine performance increases, power and torque increase, which is clearly seen when comparing the characteristics of injection and carburetor engines (see above).

ZMZ 406 injection engine ready for installation

In addition to better performance, injection engines are more economical and cause less damage to the environment. This is due to more complete combustion of fuel under the control of an electronic unit that does not require regular maintenance.

Carburetor engines have their advantages. This is a simple design, the ability to adjust and repair without the involvement of specialists. True, this can turn into a disadvantage: if the carburetor is set incorrectly, various negative phenomena occur, for example, unstable idle speeds. If you are not confident in your abilities, it is better to contact the workshop.

Features of the injection engine power system

It is one of the main ones on the engine, it does not require adjustment, but you still need to monitor its condition. The injectors and pressure regulator work normally only on clean gasoline. Refuel at proven gas stations, sometimes (preferably in the fall) drain the sludge and water from the tank. If there are smudges on the fuel lines at the connectors, they must be sealed (tighten the fitting without excessive effort or replace the seals).

Cracked hoses should be replaced to avoid rupture. But keep in mind that the fuel in the lines behind the fuel pump is under high pressure (about three atmospheres), when the system elements are disconnected, it must be reset.

To do this, turn off the fuel pump (the easiest way is to remove the corresponding fuse), start the engine and wait: it will run out of fuel in the system and stall.

Start the starter (do not press the gas pedal) for a few seconds. Remove the negative battery terminal to prevent accidental sparks. Now you can detach the desired elements.
After completing the work, do not forget to replace the fuel pump fuse and terminal. Turn on the ignition and wait a few seconds, the pump will pump fuel into the system. Start the engine and check for leaks.

Determining a malfunction in the engine management system

This system receives information from various sensors installed on the engine, the normal operation of the power and ignition units depends on it. There is an opinion that it is possible to determine a malfunction in this system only in a technical center using special instruments. This is not entirely true, you can find the problem yourself.

The occurrence of a malfunction is signaled by the “Check Engine” indicator on the instrument panel, lit continuously. Each malfunction has its own code, which the system writes to memory, the task is to obtain it and determine the cause using a special table.

To find out the code, find the diagnostic connector located in the engine compartment on the right. Remove the cover from it and close contacts 10 and 12 with a copper wire. Now the control unit is in the information output mode. Sit in the driver's seat and turn on the ignition, you will see the warning light flash. Your task is to count them.
The fault code consists of two or three digits. The number of flashes of the signaling device is equal to a digit, then a pause and the next digit.

For example, fault code 26 would be displayed like this:

2 short flashes, each lasting 0.5 seconds;
A pause of 1.5 seconds, which means the transition to the next digit;
6 short flashes;
A long pause of about 4 seconds, indicating the end of the code.

The control unit starts transmitting information from code 12, repeated three times. This shows the health of the diagnostic system. Then the fault code, it also repeats three times; then - move on to the next problem, if any. After listing all the codes in memory, the block will repeat all the information until you remove the jumper from the connector. So you can take your time and check again.

After determining the fault code, look at the table (you can print it out and carry it with you in the glove compartment). You will immediately see what exactly does not work. If the memory is empty, only code 12 is transmitted.

Scheme of the device of the motor ZMZ 406

It should be noted that the failure of one of the sensors will not stop the engine (with the exception of the crankshaft angle sensor, the failure of which is very unlikely). If a malfunction occurs, the computer switches to an emergency program, the engine runs worse, but you can get to the workshop.

In 2004. The new car has undergone significant changes, but a lot of things remain from its predecessor. In particular, the ZMZ 402 and ZMZ 406 engines were installed on the new Volga from the very beginning.

ZMZ 402 engine in section

In the future, the line of engines changed to 31105 - since 2006, the “one hundred and fifth” models with the “Chrysler” engine with a volume of 2.4 liters went into the series, and a ZMZ 405 power unit with a volume of 2.5 liters was also added.

It is strange that in general this internal combustion engine ended up on a new car - you can’t equip cars with the same engine for so many years. For the first time, this engine began to be serially installed on a transitional engine in 1985, and since that time it has not undergone practically any changes. However, it came from the factory in 2004 and 2005.

Replacing the oil filter in the ZMZ-402 engine

But the ZMZ 402 ICE still had its advantages. Firstly, it has a lower price, and the car bundled with it, respectively, is cheaper. Secondly, car owners were bribed by the simplicity of the motor. For so many years of production, the power unit has been studied up and down by many owners, and sometimes it was repaired almost in the field.

Of all, the 402nd motor is the most low-power and low-speed. It has its own characteristic malfunctions, which are most often encountered:

Oil leakage from the rear main bearing (from the gland packing);
Increased oil loss through piston rings;
Breakage of the hex drive of the oil pump;
Loss of valve seats in the cylinder head.

If many shortcomings could somehow be put up with, then the valve seat falling out became a real disaster for the car owner.

Disassembly of the ZMZ 402 engine

The saddle most often crumbled into small pieces and scattered over all cylinders. As a result, it was necessary to change the block head and piston group, without fail, thoroughly clean the intake manifold and carburetor. Seat loss is a technological defect of the plant; this almost never occurs on any other motors. By the way, 3M3 402 on the Volga 31105 was the only engine that had a carburetor system, all other internal combustion engines were equipped with an injection-type fuel system.

The undoubted advantage of the 402nd is that almost any engine oil can be poured into it. Taxi drivers, in order to save money, went so far as to fill the engine with the cheapest Kamaz oil and M8 autolok. Moreover, topping up was done with the oil that was at hand.

It only remained to be surprised how this engine was still working - when disassembling, often after such operation, one could observe not only soot on all internal parts of the 402nd, but also curdled grease like “great oil”.

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In total, the 402nd engine was produced in two versions:

To work on AI-92 gasoline - ZMZ 402;
For operation on A-76 gasoline - ZMZ 4021.

The derated ZMZ 4021 engine has an enlarged combustion chamber, and all its difference from the ZMZ 402 lies only in the cylinder head, which is 4 mm higher.

Technical characteristics of the internal combustion engine ZMZ 402:

ZMZ 406

By the time the ZMZ 406 engine appeared on the Volga 31105, it had already been well tested on the previous 3110 model, and proved itself mostly on the positive side. The ICE 406 has been serially installed on the Volga 3110 since 1997, and with a smaller volume (2.3 liters) it had more power and better torque. True, due to the presence of an electronic control system, ZMZ 406 added new problems - sensors and ECUs often failed, breaks and short circuits occurred in the engine compartment wiring.

This is how the ZMZ 406 engine ready for installation looks like

Some malfunctions could be identified by error codes when the ignition was turned on, but it was already impossible for an ordinary user of the vehicle to deal with the electronics on their own. Diagnostics is mainly carried out by car owners of the Volga with the 406th engine at a specialized service station.

The 406th had its own "sores":

Chains and other parts of the gas distribution mechanism wore out relatively quickly;
Often the timing chain tensioners jammed;
Electric remote fuel pumps periodically failed;
At the slightest overheating, the head gasket burned out, and the head itself often jarred.

In the design of ZMZ, the design of the timing chain tension is not thought out. The top chain shoe extension is heavily loaded and often breaks off.

Timing chain on the ZMZ 406 engine

Breaking it causes a lot of problems:

Firstly, its remnants have to be drilled out of the cylinder block;
Secondly, the chains break, and laborious repairs have to be made.

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ZMZ 406 engine installed on a GAZ-31105 car

Jamming of the upper tensioner also contributes to the breaking of the chains. But first, with a faulty tensioner, the sound of a “running diesel” appears. If the car owner, ignoring the noise, continues to drive, as a result, he gets to repair - the replacement of timing chains.

Exceeding the temperature of the coolant with the ZMZ 406 engine must not be allowed - the cylinder head bolts quickly loosen, and the head gasket breaks down. The surface of the cylinder head often warps - in some cases it is milled on the machine, but often the head has to be changed. The cylinder head has a tangible price, and as a result, repairs are expensive.

Disassembled motor ZMZ 406

It is interesting that the 406th has practically nothing in common with the 402nd engine, if only the engine mounts remained the same. ZMZ 406 is more demanding on engine oil, you can’t fill it with autol. The following can be noted about attachments: the starter is quite reliable and does not break often, but the generator is the weak link.

More about fuel pumps - on the 406th engines they are mostly external, and are installed under the bottom of the car next to the gas tank.

On the first 3110 models, the plant equipped the car with Bosch gasoline pumps, these parts were highly reliable. But then Russian spare parts began to be produced - so they became problematic for GAZ 3110 and GAZ 31105.

Often the engine control unit on the ZMZ 406 engine fails. A malfunction can be detected in different ways - the engine starts to triple, not develop speed.