Gasoline four-stroke air-cooled engines are widely used in gardening equipment - motoblocks, motor cultivators, lawn mowers, snow blowers, motor pumps, mini-tractors, in construction and road-building equipment - gas generators, vibrating plates, vibrorammers.
Before operating the engine, READ THE OPERATING MANUAL. Many buyers, unfortunately, do not. Therefore, the most elementary questions arise on the use of the motor.
TIP: READ THE ENGINE OPERATOR'S MANUAL!!!
First: what kind of gasoline should be used.
We recommend using clean, fresh, unleaded gasoline with an octane rating of AI92. Air-cooled engines are not designed to operate with AI95 and AI98 fuel. The 95th and 98th gasoline contains additives that have a detrimental effect on the piston system of the engine, leading it to overheat and break down.
Do not mix oil with gasoline. This may result in engine failure that is not covered by the warranty.
USE FRESH AI-92 GASOLINE WITH A SHELF LIFE NO MORE THAN 30 DAYS!!!
Secondly: what kind of oil to fill in the engine crankcase.
Many consider well-known brands of automotive oil to be the best for use in engines for a walk-behind tractor (motor cultivator, snowmobile, electric generator, motor pump, etc.). This is absolutely not true. Automotive oils are designed to run in water-cooled engines, not air-cooled ones. The boiling point of automotive oils is lower than that of oils containing special additives for air-cooled engines.
Use oil with quality class SF, SG, SH, SJ, CD or higher. Do not use oil additives. Select oil viscosity based on ambient temperature.
*Check the oil level more frequently at elevated air temperatures.
Synthetic 5W-30 (-30 to 40°C). Synthetic oil ensures engine operation over the entire temperature range, as well as easy starting and reduced oil consumption.
FILL OILS ONLY SPECIFIED IN THE INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE ENGINE!!!
Always keep an eye on the oil level. The level should be up to the last filler thread with the engine horizontal (as shown). Filler and drain holes are located on the front and rear of the engine.
Engine oil fill level
On lawn mowers, pay attention to the dipstick. There are marks on the vertical shaft motor dipstick.
Different engines have different crankcase volumes. If you have a 4, 5.5, 6.5 or 7 hp engine. - then you need to fill in 600 ml. oils. In engines 7.5 hp poured 900 ml. In motors with a power of 8, 9, 11, 13 and 15 hp. respectively 1.1 l.
Third: start the engine.
During the first or cold start of the engine, there is an increased load on the piston system. High RPMs can damage the engine. Therefore, it is necessary to start the engine at 1/3 of the gas position. And you need to run in at medium speeds.
Fourth: how does the engine break in.
Air-cooled engines don't like idling. Start the engine, warm up for 1-2 minutes. And roll in work. During break-in, try to stick to 50-75% of the load and take mandatory breaks in work after 20-25 minutes. After a break, when the engine has cooled down (15-20 minutes), you can continue working again. In this mode, the engine should run for the first 4-5 hours, after which it is necessary to change the oil. The run has been completed.
The main causes of engine breakdowns
REMEMBER!!! Engine failures occur mainly from improper operation.
The first reason for the breakdown: not closed fuel valve.
When the engine is not running, and the fuel valve is open, the carburetor will overflow and the spark plug will "fill". Also gasoline enters the crankcase. And this will lead to excess pressure during engine operation and extrusion of seals. Then this mixture of gasoline and oil will enter the combustion chamber and through the exhaust valve into the muffler. Gradually, the muffler will become clogged with oil residue and the engine will lose traction.
Motoblock today can not surprise anyone. He became a faithful assistant in the performance of work on the site and cleaning the territory. The owners of such units know that they need constant care: replacing some consumables, checking and tightening nuts, refueling. But you still need to change the oil for the walk-behind tractor.
Classification of oils
To increase the life of a gasoline or diesel engine, you need to make the right choice of engine oil. Untimely replacement reduces the life of the engine. How to choose it, in what quantity, how to pour it into a walk-behind tractor - we'll talk about this in more detail.
The set of each mini-tractor or walk-behind tractor includes instructions and a product passport. In the instructions, the manufacturer lists suitable grades of fuel and lubricants that can extend the life of equipment. Engine oil performs the following functions:
- cooling;
- lubricants;
- seals;
- cleaning.
With air cooling, the lubricant settles on the walls of the hot cylinder. These deposits contaminate engine parts and complicate lubrication processes. Therefore, antioxidant additives are present in the lubricant. They clean the cylinder walls from carbon deposits and extend the life of the walk-behind tractor. Different climatic zones require the use of different oily fluids. They differ in viscosity, composition and purpose.
Viscosity
Viscosity is determined according to the SAE J300 standard. For mechanisms, it depends on the following characteristics:
- unit design;
- features of work;
- the age of the mechanism;
- ambient temperature.
Motor oils are divided into winter and summer. Winter grades are designated with the letter W. Low-viscosity winter grades are often used with SAE designations 0W, 25W, as well as intermediate values 20W, 5W, 15W and 10W. Compositions for use in the summer do not have letters in the name. They are characterized by high viscosity and are designated SAE 20, 60, SAE 30 or 40. When using summer grades in winter, there are problems associated with starting the unit. Winter varieties in the summer are not able to provide high-quality lubrication.
Scientists have developed all-weather compounds that are used for pouring into walk-behind tractors in summer and winter. Their designations are 5W-40, 10W30.
Composition
In addition to seasonal signs, lubricants are divided into types according to composition:
- mineral;
- synthetic;
- semi-synthetic.
The air-cooled engine heats up quickly during operation. Engine oil lowers its temperature. The wrong category causes engine damage. It is not recommended to use synthetic oil mixed with mineral oil.
By appointment
When it becomes necessary to replace lubricating fluids, each manufacturer recommends filling in its brand. For agricultural machines, Honda uses all-weather grades 10W-30 of the SF category. Subaru recommends 10W-30 for moderate climates and 5W-30 for cold regions. Oil quality category - SE.
For Lifan products, the summer grade SAE-30 is required, for winter conditions - SAE 10W-30. There are no conditions for the quality category. All-weather composition 10W-30 or 15W-30 of SF or SH quality is poured into motoblocks of the Kaluga Engine company.
What kind of oil to fill in a motoblock engine
Manufacturers of walk-behind tractors and mini-tractors prescribe the use of engine oils for both gasoline products and diesel engines. Motors are tested at the factory. At this time, lubricants are used that are recommended in the instructions.
For petrol engines
Category SB has good anti-corrosion properties. Products qualitatively lubricates the cylinder walls and bearings. SF reduces oil deposits in 4-stroke and 2-stroke engines.
For diesel engines
With the recommended engine oil, the owners increase the resource of the unit and reduce the consumption of diesel fuel for a diesel walk-behind tractor. The instructions for a walk-behind tractor with a diesel engine indicate the following categories of lubricants:
- SV - for work with high-sulfur fuel;
- SS - for a non-turbo engine operating with increased loads.
What kind of oil to fill in the walk-behind tractor gearbox
Each motoblock in the composition has a gearbox. It also uses gear oil, which is regularly replaced. Today there are mechanisms in which there is no need to change the oil. For replacement, you need to use transmission compounds. This will extend the life of the unit. For the gearbox of the Neva MB-2 walk-behind tractor, the transmission substance TEP-15 is required. It operates in the summer at air temperatures from -5˚С. For winter, TM-5 is poured. It withstands up to -25˚С. Volume - 2.2 liters.
For the Neva MB-1 unit, you need to prepare TAD-17I or TAP-15 V. The volume of lubricant is 1 liter. Salyut 5 and Belarus 08N-09N use M-10V2 and M-10G2 in warm weather. In winter - M-8G2. The transmission TAD-17I or TAP-15 V is poured into the Oka MB-1D1. The gearbox of the Tselina MB motoblock is refueled at the factory. Lubricant change is not required. Tarpan is refueled by TAD-17I or its analogues. Favorite - aviation oil MS-20 or TAD-17I.
Vario requires replacement of 80W90 every two years. The best oil for the Patriot Garden unit is 85W90. The recommended composition for the Zubr gearbox is TAP-15.
A few words about the timing of replacement. In the Favorit gearbox, the first replacement is made after 25 hours of operation. In the future, it is changed every 250 hours. The replacement is better on a hot engine. Hot mining is drained through the oil drain, and fresh is poured through the fill hole.
In the Celina device, the contents of the gearbox are changed for the first time after 50 hours of operation, then every 200 hours. Ugra and Oka are replenished daily with a small amount. A complete replacement is done after 100 hours of operation.
What kind of oil to fill in Neva walk-behind tractors
The quality of the lubricant in the walk-behind tractor gradually decreases and becomes unusable. Along with this process, engine wear occurs. To prevent the wear process, it is necessary to change the lubricant mixtures in a timely manner. The instructions indicate the recommended brand and its quantity. When buying, it is necessary to take into account the level of its viscosity, quality classification. For the Neva walk-behind tractor, you need to purchase oil in the gearbox and in the engine.
Motoblock Neva is equipped with different motors. They require lubricants of different brands and manufacturers. They should be filled into the engine taking into account the viscosity and category.
If a device with a Honda engine is purchased for a land plot, it can be filled with SAE 10W-30 brand in summer and winter. The same universal remedy is suitable for the Lifan engine. Subaru itself produces lubricant for its equipment. With a Subaru engine, you need to buy lubricant from the same company. Her brand is Ow20. It is suitable for winter and summer operating conditions of the motor. It is permissible to fill in 5w-30 of the same manufacturer instead.
The Briggs & Stratton engine is filled with SAE 10W-30 summer motor oil. For winter conditions, SAE 5W-30 is suitable. Its consumption is greater than that of other motors, so the level needs to be checked more often. If necessary, lubricant is added to the norm.
The gearbox is an important part of the walk-behind tractor. For proper operation, it is necessary to fill the gearbox of the Neva walk-behind tractor with good quality oil, periodically replace it. These oils include TEP-15 and TM-5. Its volume is 2.2 liters. The spent liquid in a hot state is drained through a special hole and filled with fresh. These types are suitable for MB-1 devices. When replacing the unit, it is installed in a vertical position, a container is placed under it to drain the mining.
On a newly purchased unit, the first change is made after 30 hours of operation, then every 180-200 hours.
If the walk-behind tractor is rarely used for work, the replacement is done at least once every two years. TAP-15V oil must be poured into the Neva MB-2 unit; TAD-17I brand can be used instead.
You need to know when the oil is changed. In a newly purchased unit, you need to check its level. Some walk-behind tractors are sold without lubricating fluids. If necessary, you can fill in oil and run the device in for 20-25 hours. Then the replacement is made after 100-250 hours. Deadlines are in the instructions.
How to change the oil in a walk-behind tractor
Change the oil in the cylinders of the walk-behind tractor on a hot engine. This applies to actions for both two-stroke and four-stroke engines. The heated exhaust mixture flows well into the substituted container. The following actions:
- unscrew the breather plug;
- drain the used oil;
- pour fresh;
- screw in the breather plug;
- the operation of the unit is checked.
Lubrication in the cylinders of walk-behind tractors of various designs is replaced in the following order:
- gasoline walk-behind tractor is installed horizontally;
- using a screwdriver, the plug on the tank is removed;
- merge mining;
- the cork is twisted;
- pour fresh oil into the box;
- filling hole is closed.
You can drain the oil and fill it with fresh oil in 15-20 minutes. If you replace used oil with low-quality products, problems will arise that lead to the repair of equipment. This applies to engine lubrication and gearbox oil. Lubricants age and require timely high-quality replacement. After how many hours you can fill in automotive oil, it is written in the manufacturer's instructions. You need to read it so that the purchased expensive unit provides assistance for a longer period.
Waste lubricant is disposed of at special points.
The need for the production of oils for air-cooled engines is caused by the appearance on the domestic market in recent years of a large number of equipment driven by this class of engines. The operating conditions of air-cooled engines differ from water-cooled engines primarily in the higher temperature regime of the cylinder-piston group.
In addition, when the engine is paired with an electric generator, lubricating oil must be provided with quick and easy engine start and instant delivery through the lubrication system to all rubbing parts. These and other circumstances impose specific requirements on the quality of oils for air-cooled engines.
- Oils of the 4TD series are specially designed for use in 4-stroke gasoline and diesel air-cooled engines of small vehicles. They are prepared on the basis of highly refined mineral and synthetic polyalphaolefin oils, special additive packages that provide protection against the formation of deposits on the piston and in the engine crankcase, ring coking, and reduce energy consumption. Oils have high thermal and oxidative stability. To improve lubrication characteristics, oils contain extreme pressure additives that protect engine parts from wear under extreme loads and high temperatures.
- 4TD Standard SAE 30 - mineral oil ensures long-term and stable operation of engines over the entire load range. Recommended for use in summer, as well as in climatic zones with an ambient temperature in the range from -10 ° C to +40 ° C
- 4TD Premium SAE 10W-30 is a semi-synthetic multigrade oil with excellent resistance to oxidation at high temperatures, ensures the strength of the oil film between rubbing parts during frequent engine starts and stops. Recommended as an all-weather universal oil for climatic zones with an ambient temperature in the range from -25 °C to +40 °C
- 4TD Ultra SAE 5W-30 is a synthetic oil prepared on the basis of special frost-resistant oils. Provides easy start-up and quick warm-up of the engine. Recommended as an all-weather universal oil for climatic zones with an ambient temperature in the range from -38 °С to +50 °С
Distinctive features and benefits
- High-quality mineral and synthetic base, an effective additive package provide wear protection and prevent deposits on moving parts of engines under various operating conditions
- Anti-jamming and extreme pressure properties during overloads
- Reduced energy consumption
- Reliable start of engines at low temperatures
Application
Recommended for use in lubrication systems of four-stroke air-cooled gasoline and diesel engines, including those with moderate boost: garden tractors, lawn mowers, other garden equipment, snow blowers, snowmobiles, small engines of refrigerators and air conditioners, electric generators, motorcycles, boat engines, etc.
Air-cooled four-stroke engines require lubricants. Moreover, such that the quality meets the requirements, which we will talk about.
Owners of equipment prefer to use Sae-marked oil, which must be poured into the engine at an air temperature of at least 5 ° C. It includes a multifunctional additive package with anti-wear and anti-corrosion characteristics.
This liquid well protects the rubbing parts of the engine from wear and overheating, ensures its cleanliness and increases the service life. Sae lubricants are produced with different types of bases, which affects their market value.
So, the price of synthetics for a liter container varies from 240 to 290 rubles, mineral - from 350 to 510 rubles.
Scout-5l oil also has exceptional lubricating properties, which has gained a high reputation among domestic owners of walk-behind tractors and can be called a full-fledged analogue of Sae 30. It is comparable to it in quality, but more affordable, which makes this product even more in demand. Such oil in a 5-liter container costs 1390 rubles, which in terms of 1 liter is only 278 rubles.
What is the difference between 2-stroke oil and 4-stroke oil?
Some types of engine oil are designed for four-stroke power units, while others are for two-stroke ones. They are not interchangeable and must be poured according to the intended use, because lubricants for motors with different duty cycles have different requirements. So, oil for four-stroke engines, where a forced lubrication system is used, is designed for long-term exposure and is designed to provide a more stable coating of parts. In 2-stroke engines, the oil enters along with the fuel and should instantly dissolve in it, burning smokeless with a minimum of deposits in the form of soot and ash. Therefore, a characteristic feature of 2-stroke oils is their good cleaning and the minimum content of aggressive additives. They, unlike 4-stroke fluid, do not contain ash, anti-seize and anti-wear additives, which allows them to almost completely burn out along with the fuel without the formation of carbon deposits and exhaust toxicity.
A feature of oils for four-stroke engines is the content of many organometallic additives, which are aimed at improving their physical and mechanical properties and increasing their efficiency. And if you pour such a mixture into an engine with a two-stroke duty cycle, this will lead to the formation of ash deposits on the surface of the piston and the walls of the combustion chamber. The increased accumulation of deposits, in turn, can provoke the appearance of various troubles, which can only be eliminated by doing a complex and expensive repair of the walk-behind tractor motor. Soot also causes a lot of harm, which clogs the air filter and settles in the grooves of the piston rings if an inappropriate oil product is used. The accumulation of soot is fraught with loss of mobility of the rings, and this is a direct way to reduce the power of the walk-behind tractor engine, worsen its operation and even completely fail.
Classification of motor oils
The most important parameters of engine oil are the degree of viscosity and the temperature range in which it can be used. In the marking, the number before the letter "W" indicates the temperature at which the liquid thickens. The number after the letter indicates the maximum temperature at which it ensures uninterrupted operation of the engine. These indicators must correspond to those indicated in the operating instructions for the garden walk-behind tractor. It should also be borne in mind that high-viscosity lubricants, such as Sae 30, Sae 40, are intended for the use of equipment in the summer, and low-viscosity lubricants, for example, 5W30, are for its winter operation. A low-viscosity oil product at high temperatures will quickly evaporate and will not be able to provide full lubrication of the mechanisms. Too thick liquid will become an obstacle in starting the engine at low air temperatures.
The chemical composition of the lubricant base is also important, as it affects the properties of the product and determines its effect.
Mineral engine oil:
- provides a decrease in friction force;
- reduces the formation of sediment and soot;
- reduces wear of working parts;
- does not form harmful emissions and does not pollute the air.
Synthetics contain additives that prevent carbon formation and protect the power unit from wear. Semi-synthetics are produced by mixing mineral and synthetic bases with the use of special additives.
Advantages of synthetic and semi-synthetic motor fluid:
- increased fluidity;
- low evaporation;
- low waste consumption.
For 4-stroke engines of walk-behind tractors, cultivators and other garden equipment, oil products labeled Sae-30, which have a high viscosity and are intended for summer use, are excellent. They can be produced on a mineral or synthetic basis and contain various additives. A liquid with this marking reliably protects rubbing surfaces from corrosion and rapid wear, and prolongs the life of the engine.
An analogue of the summer Sae-30 can be any all-weather oil, in the designation of which the second digit is "30". For example, a fluid labeled "5W-30" has similar characteristics when used in the summer, but it can also be poured in winter, when the air temperature is not lower than -35 ° C. Grease "10W-30" also has similar Cae 30 properties when used in the warm season, but its operating range is limited by a temperature of -25 ° C.
Below are the most popular brands of summer oils marked Sae 30, as well as those intended for all-weather use.
CARVER Sae30
Summer mineral lubricant (produced in Russia), containing various additives with dispersant, antioxidant, anti-corrosion properties. It forms a strong oil film, which remains on the surface of parts for a long time. Provides reliable protection of the engine against wear and increases its resistance to high mechanical loads.
Motul Garden 4T Sae30
Mineral lubricant with antiwear, detergent-dispersant properties. Possesses good resistance to action of temperatures, does not foam. It is used in four-stroke petrol engines and diesel engines. Compatible with unleaded and leaded gasoline, diesel fuel.
Husqvarna Sae30
This oil product, produced by a Swedish company, contains additives, thanks to which it has an anti-scale, anti-wear, anti-corrosion effect. Provides stable lubrication of parts, helping to increase engine life. It works effectively in the positive temperature range of 5-30 ° C.
Patriot Supreme HD Sae30
High-quality American-made engine oil with a mineral base for summer use. Contains anti-wear, anti-corrosion additives and provides maximum engine protection under severe operating conditions. Designed for lubrication of walk-behind tractors, mini tractors, lawn mowers and other agricultural machinery.
Premium Zubr 10W-30
All-weather semi-synthetic fluid of the Russian brand, designed for lubrication of four-stroke gasoline engines and diesel engines. Possesses the increased resistance to oxidation at high temperatures, has viscosity conforming to the Sae 10W-30 standard. It can be effectively used in the temperature range -25 o C - +50 o C.
Premium Inforce 11-04-03
All-weather oil (produced in Russia) on a semi-synthetic basis with a multifunctional additive package that provides anti-corrosion, extreme pressure and anti-wear properties. Interferes with formation of a deposit, reduces noise of operation of the engine, effectively protects its moving details from wear. It can be used at temperatures from -20 o C to +30 o C.
G-MOTION 4T 10W-30
Lubricating fluid for all-weather use, made in Germany, is intended for 4-stroke engines of walk-behind tractors, cultivators, snow blowers, mini tractors and other small-sized equipment. It has thermal and oxidative stability, well lubricates rubbing parts, reduces technical wear, and prevents the formation of corrosion and harmful deposits. Provides efficient operation of the power plant under any operating conditions.
Oil Scout-5l
Scout-5l semi-synthetic oil is one of the most popular lubricants used for walk-behind tractors, mini tractors and other small-scale mechanization. It is produced on the basis of mineral, synthetic petroleum products and is detergent, that is, it contains detergent and dispersant additives, therefore it fully complies with technical requirements. This type of lubricant is all-weather and can be used in a wide temperature range - from -25 ° C to +40 ° C without reducing its properties.
Choosing the best oil for walk-behind tractor and cultivator
Having a cultivator with a Chinese, American engine or a walk-behind tractor with a Honda engine, you need to remember that the duration of the operation of the motor unit is affected not only by the timeliness of troubleshooting, but also by the quality of the oil used, as well as the regularity of its replacement. An incorrectly selected mixture or improperly performed lubrication of parts in friction zones leads to increased carbon formation, an increase in fuel consumption and a quick engine breakdown.
Lubricants for 4-stroke motorcycle engines are available in a fairly wide range - from budget to more expensive. To choose the right product, you need to navigate the labeling and parameters that indicate its main criteria. So, the marking "S" classifies a group of lubricants intended for gasoline engines, and the letter "C" - for diesel engines.
All the requirements for motor lubricants for motor blocks Neva, Scout, Crosser, Salyut, Zubr, Favorit, Dobrynya and other models equipped with an air-cooled four-stroke engine are met by a number of automotive lubricants. To the question: “Is it possible to fill automobile oil in a walk-behind tractor?” experts answer - "Yes, only when using different types of liquid, different consumption rates and the degree of soot formed can be observed." But they do not recommend pouring transmission fluid into the motor of a walk-behind tractor, explaining that this type of substance is not intended to operate in the range of high speeds and high temperatures. If the transmission is poured into the engine, it will begin to burn intensively, precipitate, clog the channels and the air filter, which can lead to serious damage.
How much should be poured?
Cultivators, mini tractors and walk-behind tractors supplied to the Russian market are mainly equipped with Subaru, Briggs&Stratton, Honda power plants or their Chinese counterparts. They can be of different capacities and contain different amounts of lubricant. How to find out how much lubricant to pour from a canister so that a 4-stroke engine runs optimally and its parts do not wear out due to a lack of lubrication?
Lubricant consumption rates can be found in the operating instructions or technical documentation attached to motor vehicles.
The table below shows individual lubricant consumption rates for the most popular engine models.
|
Required volume, l |
|
|---|---|
|
Subaru EX21D (7.0 HP) |
|
|
Subaru EH34B (11.0 HP) |
|
|
Briggs & Stratton (8.0 to 13.5 hp) |
|
|
Honda GX-390 (8.0-13.0 hp) |
You can simply fill in motor lubricant by determining its amount by the dipstick on the plug. The minimum level is practically limited by the length of the probe itself, and the maximum level reaches the thread of the drain hole. You can also navigate by looking into the opening of the crankcase.
As a rule, about 0.6 liters of liquid are placed in a walk-behind tractor with a 6-8-horsepower engine, and a little more than 1 liter in more powerful units. It is not without reason that the most popular packaging among manufacturers is a volume of 0.6 liters. It is this rate of oil that is enough to fill up to the full level of medium-power motor vehicles, which are most in demand among owners of garden and summer cottages.
Prices
High-quality four-stroke oils for walk-behind tractors are produced by companies from different countries, including Russia, France, Germany, Sweden, and the USA. A large price range and variety of products allows you to choose the best option for any unit of small-sized agricultural machinery.
The table shows the average prices for the most popular grades of lubricants for 4-stroke internal combustion engines.
|
Price in rubles |
|
|---|---|
|
CARVER SAE 30 (0.95 l) |
|
|
Husqvarna SAE 30 (0.6L) |
|
|
Patriot Supreme HD SAE 30 (0.95 L) |
|
|
G-MOTION 4T 10W-30 (0.95L) |
|
|
Scout 10W-40 (5 l) |
In order for the walk-behind tractor or cultivator to be durable and perform its functions with high quality, it is necessary to create optimal conditions for the operation of the engine: troubleshoot problems in a timely manner, lubricate rubbing surfaces. It is important that only suitable engine oil is used to lubricate parts in friction zones, which should be purchased based on the technical requirements of the power plant and its actual operating conditions.
Where can I buy?
You can buy a lubricant of decent quality and at a bargain price in the Gardenshop store. For owners of motor cultivators, motoblocks and mini tractors, the store offers the best analogue of Sae 30 - high-quality Scout-5l oil. It has good lubricating properties and high energy efficiency, prevents the formation of harmful deposits and is resistant to elevated temperatures.
You can buy original motor lubricant in Gardenshop at the lowest price in the region - for only 278 rubles. per liter! Who trusts the recommendations of professionals, he buys 4-stroke oil "Scout-5l"!
What kind of oil to fill in a 4-stroke engine? The car oil poured into this device has many significant differences from the oil product used in two-stroke engines. Two-stroke engine oils lubricate parts after being dissolved in fuel.
During the operation of the internal combustion engine, the lubricating fluid burns out with the fuel. This is the key difference between a two-stroke engine and a four-stroke engine.
Four stroke engines
Oil for four-stroke engines does not enter the combustion chamber. It should lubricate the parts for as long as possible. This is due to the high content of various filler elements in such a lubricant. The difference with car oil for a two-stroke internal combustion engine is about thirty percent.
Engine operation in 4 cycles The ash content of engine oil for four-stroke engines can be as high as two percent. That's quite a lot. Also, such petroleum products smoke heavily. They are poured into various equipment: boats, motor cultivators.
To understand how oil works for a 4-stroke engine, you need to understand how the consumable is absorbed and processed. The four-stroke motor has a crankcase that maintains the optimal amount of lubrication. From the crankcase, the oil product through the oil pump enters the oil complex, onto the cylinder walls. In view of this, the piston, when it rubs against the cylinder, slides over the lubricating film.
Scheme of the lubrication system in the internal combustion engine So that oil flows do not end up in the combustion chamber of the fuel, the lubricant is diverted back to the crankcase, equipped with special rings. Sometimes, if the power of the power unit is not more than 5 hp, there is no oil pump. In such internal combustion engines, engine oil is distributed in the form of an oil mist formed during the rotation of the crankshaft.
The loads in such small engines are small, because the car oil that we pour regularly comes in the right amount. This has a positive effect on the duration of the engine. Fresh grease must be poured annually. You need to constantly monitor the amount of car oil. Motors produced today are equipped with special sensors. To check the volume of oil fluid, it is not necessary to disassemble the internal combustion engine.
Characteristics of motor oils
The lubrication complex of a four-stroke motor has special properties due to the design and operation of the unit. Lubricant for a four-stroke engine does not penetrate into the combustion chamber. This unit is different from the two-stroke power unit. Therefore, the oil in a four-stroke internal combustion engine ensures longer lubrication of engine parts.
Previously, in order to create the car oil that we pour into the internal combustion engine, oil was distilled. At present, with an increase in speed and certain indicators, it is necessary to use special additives that improve the characteristics of the oily fluid. Now there are such additives:
- cleansing;
- extreme pressure;
- reducing oxidation;
- preventing foaming.
In modern synthetic oils, which are poured into the necks of air-cooled, four-stroke engines, the amount of additive elements can be thirty percent. Differences in the composition of the lubricant impose restrictions on use. It is not recommended to pour car oil for a four-stroke internal combustion engine into a two-stroke engine. If you do this, the ash that appears during burning will settle on the walls of the combustion chamber and pistons. The remains of burnt oil products form an abrasive powder that settles on the cylinder walls. The abrasive simply cuts the details. Because of this, their operating period is significantly reduced.
Lubricants for four-stroke engines are divided into the following categories:
- mineral oil;
- semi-synthetics;
- synthetic oil.
Petroleum products that are poured into the internal combustion engine can be produced both in the Russian Federation and abroad. Russian consumables today are slightly different for the worse from foreign ones, because the latter use better additives. The buyer, when choosing an oil product that will be poured into the engine, must take into account, first of all, the quality and viscosity index of the lubricant.
Lubricant selection
At present, the viscosity of lubricants in the Russian Federation is determined in accordance with GOST 17479.1-85. Car oils are divided into three categories:
- Summer. Such oil products can rarely be found on the shelves of Russian stores. This is due to the rather harsh climatic conditions. They are type marked "SAE 30".
- Winter. Used less frequently than summer lubricants. This is due to the fact that the motor block engine is not designed for operation in cold conditions. An example of marking is SAE 5w oil.
- Universal. Today, these oils are the most common. They are made by adding additives to the base fluid. Additives thin the oil. This greatly simplifies engine starting in low and high temperature conditions. The filler elements are excellent for air-cooled motors. In addition, additives are good because they provide reliable protection for contacting motor parts. The number that is located in the SAE oil label before the letter “w” indicates low temperature viscosity. The number after the "w" indicates the high temperature viscosity. For example, the marking can be like this - "10w30".
Oil for four-stroke engine Which oil is best? Pouring grease, the characteristics of which are much better than required, is pointless. If the manual says one viscosity, and you fill in an oil product with a higher value, then this will not harm the engine, but it will not bring any benefit either.
Use of car oil
Car oil for four-stroke engines is used in various techniques. It can be effectively used in long-produced engines. No need to purchase a modern unit that meets the requirements for the use of consumables.
Synthetics, poured into four-stroke engines, unlike mineral water, have increased fluidity. Currently, additives added to consumables can be purchased at every hardware and hardware store. There are many different grades for different viscosity levels.
The purchased lubricant must be of high quality. A high-quality lubricant for a four-stroke power unit has the following properties:
- motor cooling and protection;
- maintaining own performance indicators for a long time;
- compliance with the requirements of the make and model of the vehicle;
- low kinematic viscosity. Allows you to avoid oil starvation when the power unit is heated to operating temperature;
- the presence of anti-friction and anti-seize additive components;
- formation of a strong lubricating film that protects cylinders and pistons from scuffing during vehicle operation;
- engine cleaning. Provided with a special set of filler elements that counteract the formation of sediment and varnish deposits in the engine pan;
- little coking. Relevant for internal combustion engines with air cooling, because the oil that enters the piston rings is heated to almost three hundred degrees;
- elimination of carbon deposits, leading to a decrease in the mobility of the piston rings, a decrease in pressure, and high costs of lubricating fluid.
If all these properties are present, then you have chosen the right consumable. It will qualitatively lubricate all motor parts, allow the power unit to work without failures for a long time.
