How to change the oil in the bridges of the VAZ Niva. Applied (operational) fluids and filling volumes Front gear oil volume 2121

REFILLING CAPACITIES

Refillable system	Volume, l
Fuel tank (including reserve)	42 (65*)
Engine cooling system (including interior heating system)	10,7
Engine lubrication system (including oil filter)	3,75
gearbox housing	1,6
rear axle housing	1,3
Steering gear housing	0,18
transfer case housing	0,79
Front axle housing	1,15
Clutch hydraulic system	0,2
Hydraulic brake system	0,535
Windscreen and headlight washer reservoir	2,8
Rear window washer reservoir	2,0
Power steering reservoir	1,7

* For VAZ-2131 cars and its modifications.

Quantity, l

Refueling or lubrication point	Name of materials
Fuel tank		Motor gasoline with an octane rating of 91–93.95*
Engine cooling system, including interior heating system		Coolant with a freezing point not higher than -40°С
Engine lubrication system, including oil filter, at ambient temperature:		Engine oils (with API quality level: SG, SH, SJ)
from -20° to +45°С
from -25° to +35°С
from -25° to +45°С
from -30° to +35°С
from -30° to +45°С
gearbox housing		Gear oils with a quality level according to API GL-5 and a viscosity of 75W-90
transfer case housing
Front axle housing
rear axle housing
Steering gear housing		Gear oil 75W-90
Clutch release hydraulic system Hydraulic brake system	0,2 0,515	Brake fluid DOT-3, -4
Windshield washer reservoir Windshield washer reservoir		Mixture of water with windshield washer fluid
Starter driving ring
Front wheel bearings		Grease Litol-24 or imported analogues
Bearings of universal joints		Grease Fiol-2U, No. 158 or imported analogues
Spline connection of the front propeller shaft		Grease Fiol-1, SHRUS-4 or imported analogues
Door opening limiters		Grease SHRUS-4
Sled moving seats
Tie rod joints and ball pins of the front suspension		ShRB-4 grease or imported analogues
Battery terminals and terminals, door keyholes		Auto-lubricant VTV-1 in an aerosol package, CIATIM-201, -221, Litol-24 or imported analogues
Door locks		Lubricant Fiol-1 or imported analogues
Rear brake pressure regulator		Grease DT-1 or imported analogues

*For vehicles with a fuel injection system equipped with an exhaust gas converter

Fuels and lubricants approved and recommended for
operation of the car LADA 4x4 and its modifications

GASOLINES FOR VEHICLES

Notes:

1. To ensure engine start and vehicle operation at low negative ambient temperatures, it is necessary to use gasoline of the appropriate volatility classes, depending on the climatic region. Requirements for volatility classes and seasonal use of gasoline for various regions of the Russian Federation are set out in the relevant standards for fuels for internal combustion engines.

2. It is not allowed to use gasoline with organometallic antiknock agents based on lead, iron, manganese and other metals.

3. It is allowed to use multifunctional additives that protect fuel supply parts and the engine from corrosion, deposits and carbon deposits. Such additives must be added to commercial gasoline by the gasoline manufacturer.

Independent addition of secondary additives by the car owner is not allowed.

Motor oils

Oil brand	SAE viscosity grade	Group		Manufacturer	Regulatory document
		AAI	AP1
LUKOIL LUX	5W-30, 5W-40 10W-40,15W-40	B5/D3	SJ/CF		STO 00044434-003
LUKOIL LUX	0W-40, 5W-20, 5W-30, 5W-50, 10W-30	B5/D3	SL/CF	OOO Lukoil-Permnefteorg-sintez, Perm	STO 00044434-003
TNK SUPER	5W-30, 5W-40 10W-40	B5/D3	SJ/SL/CF		TU 0253-008-44918199
TNK MAGNUM	5W-30, 5W-40 10W-40,15W-40	B5/D3	SJ/SL/CF		TU 0253-025-44918199
ROSNEFT MAXIMUM	5W-40, 10W-40	B5/D3	SL/CF		TU 0253-063-48120848
ROSNEFT OPTIMUM	10W-30, 10W-40 15W-40	B5/D3	SJ/CF	OAO Novokuibyshevsk Plant of Oils and Additives, Novokuibyshevsk	TU 0253-062-48120848
ROSNEFT MAXIMUM	5W-40, 10W-40	B5/D3	SL/CF		TU 0253-391-05742746
ROSNEFT OPTIMUM	10W-30, 10W-40 15W-40	B5/D3	SJ/CF	OJSC Angarsk Petrochemical Company, Angarsk	TU 0253-389-05742746
ROSNEFT PREMIUM	0W-40, 5W-40 5W-40	B5/D3	SJ/CF SL/CF SM/CF	OJSC Angarsk Petrochemical Company, Angarsk	TU 0253-390-05742746

Continuation of the table. 2

Oil brand	SAE viscosity grade	Group		Manufacturer	Regulatory document
		AAI	API
EXTRA 1 EXTRA 5 EXTRA 7	5W-30 15W-40 20W-50	B5/D3	SJ/CF	JSC Omsk Oil Refinery, Omsk	TU 38.301-19-137
EXTRA	5W-30, 10W-40, 15W-40	B5/D3	SL/CF	JSC Omsk Oil Refinery, Omsk	TU 38.301-19-137
ESSO ULTRA	10W-40	B5/D3	SJ/SL/CF	Exxon-Mobil, Germany
GTTURBO SM	10W-40	B5	SM	Hanval Inc., Korea
LIQUI MOLY OPTIMAL	10W-40	B5/D3	SL/CF	Liqui Moly GmbH, Germany
MOBIL 1 MOBIL SYNT S MOBIL SUPER S	0W-40, 5W-50 5W-40 10W-40	B5/D3	SJ/SL SM/CF SJ/SL/CF	Exxon-Mobil, Germany
MOBIL 1 ESP FORMULA	5W-30	B6/D3	SJ/SL SM/CF
RAVENOL HPS RAVENOL VSI RAVENOL LLO RAVENOL TSI RAVENOL Turbo-C HD-C	5W-30 5W-40 10W-40 10W-40 15W-40	B5/D3	SL/CF SL/CF SL/CF SL/CF SJ/CF	Ravensberger Schmirstoffvertrieb GmbH, Germany
SHELL HELIX: PLUS PLUS EXTRA ULTRA	10W-40 5W-40 5W-40	B5/D3	SL/CF	SHELL EAST EUROPE Co, UK, Finland
ZIC APLUS	5W-30, 10W-30, 10W-40	B5	SL	SK CORPORATION, Korea

Table 3

Minimum engine cold start temperature, 0С	Viscosity class according to SAE J 300	Maximum ambient temperature, 0C
below -35	0W-30	25
below -35	0W-40	30
-30	5W-30	25
-30	5W-40	35
-25	10W-30	25
-25	10W-40	35
-20	15W-40	45
-15	20W-40	45

Transmission oils for use in the gearbox, transfer case, drive axles and steering gear

Table 4

Oil brand	SAE viscosity grade	API Group	Manufacturer	Regulatory document
LUKOIL TM 5	75W-90 80W-90 85W-90		OAO Lukoil-Volgogradnefte-pererabotka, Volgograd OOO Lukoil-Permnefteorgsintez, Perm	STO 00044434-009 TU 0253-044-00148599
NOVOIL SUPERT				TU 38.301-04-13
ROSNEFT KINETIC	75W-90, 80W-90 85W-90		OJSC Angarsk Petrochemical Company, Angarsk	TU 0253-394-05742746
ROSNEFT KINETIC			OAO Novokuibyshevsk Plant of Oils and Additives, Novokuibyshevsk	TU 0253-030-48120848
SUPER T-2 SUPER T-3			JSC Omsk Oil Refinery, Omsk	TU 38.301-19-62
TNK TRANS HYPOID			TNK Lubricants LLC, Ryazan	TU 38.301-41-196
TNK TRANS HYPOID SUPER			TNK Lubricants LLC, Ryazan	TU 0253-014-44918199
			Shell East Europe Co, UK

Note. The oil change period is in accordance with the car's service book.

Table 5

Attention
Do not use oil additives or other means to improve the performance of the engine, its systems or vehicle transmission units.

For the operation of vehicles, modern high-performance engine and transmission oils are recommended. Therefore, there is no need to use additional additives, and in certain cases this can lead to such damage to the engine or transmission units, which are not covered by the guarantee of AVTOVAZ OJSC.

Coolant liquids

Fluid brand	Manufacturer	Regulatory document
Tosol-TS Felix		TU 2422-006-36732629
Cool Stream Standard		TU 2422-002-13331543
Cool Stream Premium	JSC "Technoform", Klimovsk, Moscow region	TU 2422-001-13331543
ANTIFREEZE SINTEC	ZAO Obninskorgsintez, Obninsk	TU 2422-047-51140047
	LLC "TC Tosol-Sintez", Dzerzhinsk	TU 2422-068-36732629
ANTIFREEZE (TOSOL) LONGLIFE	CJSC "Delfin Industry", Pushkino	TU 2422-163-04001396

Note. The service life and replacement of antifreeze in accordance with the service book of the car. Mixing coolants of different brands is not allowed.

CONDITIONER LIQUID

The air conditioner is charged with ozone-safe freon R 134 "A"
Quantity - 0.4 kg

The air conditioning system uses ATMOSGU10 oil.

SHOCK ABSORBER FLUID

Liquid GRG-12
Front shock absorber - 0.12 l
Rear shock absorber - 0.195 l.

Brake fluids

Table 7

Note. The service life and replacement of brake fluids in accordance with the service book of the car, but not more than three years.

Windshield and special fluids

Fluid brand	Manufacturer	Regulatory document
WINDOW WASHING LIQUIDS
	LLC "ASD", Togliatti	TU 2421-001-55894651
	Multifarma-Samara LLC, Samara	TU 2384-170-00151727
	NPP "Macromer", Vladimir	TU 2451-007-10488057
	CJSC "JSC ASPECT", Moscow	TU 2384-011-41974889
SPECIAL LIQUIDS
	MOPZ VNII NP, Moscow
LUKOIL AJ	OOO Lukoil VNP, Volgograd	TU 0253-025-00148599
	f. "VARYA", Nizhny Novgorod	TU 0253-048-05767924
Pentosin Hydraulic Fluid CHS 11S	f. Pentosin, Germany	TTM 1.97.0964

Plastic lubricants

Grease brand	Manufacturer	Regulatory document
Vaseline technical VTV-1		TU 38.301-40-21
Vaseline technical ONMZ VTV-1		TU 0255-195-05767887
Lubricant AZMOL GRAFITOL	OJSC "Azmol", Berdyansk	TU U 23.2-00152365-178
Lubricant LIMOL	OJSC "Azmol", Berdyansk	TU 38.301-48-54
LITA grease	OJSC "Azmol", Berdyansk	TU 38.101-1308
Grease LITOL-24	OJSC "Azmol", Berdyansk
Grease AZMOL LSTs-15	OJSC "Azmol", Berdyansk	TU U 23.2-00152365-180
Lubricant UNIROL-1	JSC "Rikos", Rostov-on-Don	TU 38.301-40-23
Grease UNIOL-2M/1	OJSC "Azmol", Berdyansk
Grease AZMOL FIOL-1	OJSC "Azmol", Berdyansk	TU U 23.2-00152365-173
Grease AZMOL ShRB-4	OJSC "Azmol", Berdyansk	TU U 23.2-00152365-172
Grease AZMOL SHRUS-4	OJSC "Azmol", Berdyansk	TU U 23.2-00152365-182
SHRUS-4M grease	OJSC "Perm plant of lubricants and coolants", Perm	TU 38.401-58-128
Grease Ortol Sh	JSC "Neftemaslozavod", Orenburg	TU 0254-001-05767887
Lubricant CIATIM-201	OJSC "Azmol", Berdyansk, OJSC "Rikos", Rostov-on-Don, LLC NPF "RUSMA", St. Petersburg, OJSC "Neftemaslozavod", Orenburg
Lubricant CIATIM-221	OJSC "Azmol", Berdyansk, OJSC "Rikos", Rostov-on-Don, LLC NPF "RUSMA", St. Petersburg

Continuation of the table. 9

Grease brand		Manufacturer	Regulatory document
Solid lubricant Molybdol M3		ZAO Tekhnologiya, St. Petersburg
Lubricating graphite "P"		OJSC "Azmol", Berdyansk
Grease Ditor		JSC "Rikos", Rostov-on-Don	TU 0254-007-05766706
Grease CASTROL S-058		Castrol, Germany
MOLYKOTE X-106 Grease		Daw Corning, USA	TTM 1.97.0115
Grease Renolit JP 1619		Fusch, Germany	TTM 1.97.0800
Lucas Lucas PFG-111		Lucas TRW, Germany	TTM 1.97.0733
Flushing fluids for the engine lubrication system Table 10
Fluid brand	Manufacturer		Regulatory document
AUTO FLUSHING	OAO Lukoil-Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez, Kstovo, OOO Lukoil-Permnefteorgsintez, Perm		STO 00044434-0122
FLUSHING OIL	OAO Novo-Ufimsky Oil Refinery, Ufa		TU 0253-019-05766528
ROSNEFT EXPRESS	OAO Angarsk Petrochemical Company, Angarsk		TU 0253-392-05742746
MP SYNTHETIC MP CLASSIC	OJSC "Omsk Oil Refinery", Omsk		STO 84035624-005

Note. Flushing fluids are used during maintenance in accordance with the service book during the replacement of working engine oil with fresh one.

Materials for anti-corrosion treatment of the body

Fluid for refueling hydraulic steering system

Table 12

List of items containing precious metals in LADA 4x4 cars

Item number	product name	Location of precious metals	Weight in grams
			gold	silver	palladium
2115-3801010	instrument cluster	in semiconductors	0,000263	0,016414
2105-3747010-03	Turn signal and alarm breaker		0,0180561	0,0208012	0,103
2105-3709310/-01	Three lever switch	Coating		0,1664
2101-3704010-11	ignition switch	In contacts		0,14078
2105-3710010-03/-04	Hazard switch	In contacts		0,107
21213-3709607	Heated rear window switch	In contacts		0,11517
2113-3709609-10	Rear fog light switch	In contacts		0,115169
2104-3709612	Rear window wiper and washer switch	In contacts		0,403093
2107-3709608-01	heater switch	In contacts		0,265997
21045-3709280	Fuel heating switch	In contacts		0,170288
2108-3720010-10/-11/-12	Stop signal switch	In contacts		0,1681
	Generator voltage regulator	in semiconductors	0,0534
2106-3828110	Water temperature gauge sensor	In contacts		0,0161637
2105-3747010-02/03	Relay-interrupter for direction indicators and alarms	Gold in semiconductors, silver in contacts	0,00021	0,0731
2105-3747210-12	High Beam Relay	In contacts		0,055
2105-37470-1010-12	Relay for switching on the dipped headlights	In contacts		0,055
2105-3747210-02	Headlight cleaner relay	In contacts		0,137
2114-3747610	Rear fog light relay	Gold in semiconductors, silver in contacts	0,000998	0,034935

At the plant, mineral oil is poured into the Niva transmission, and during scheduled maintenance, mineral water is also poured, and not of the highest quality. It is better not to change this oil during the break-in period of the machine, since parts run in better on mineral water. After 10-15 thousand run, I recommend changing the transmission oil to semi-synthetic. I do not recommend synthetics, because the seals can leak. Mineral water is worse because it is thick and freezes in the cold. As a result, until the transmission warms up in the car, the car is very heavy on the move and the gears are hard to turn on.
The recommended gear oil viscosity is 75W-90. I poured lyqui moly 75W-90 semi-synthetics into my Niva. All components and assemblies require 5 liters of oil.

Transmission oil

Before changing the oil, I advise you to drive the car to warm up the oil (heated oil drains better and less of it remains) and immediately after that, unscrew the drain plugs. Drain plugs are shown in the figures. After all the oil has drained, the drain plugs are screwed in, the filler plugs are unscrewed and fresh oil is poured up to the level of the filler holes. To fill the oil, it is better to use a filler syringe.

Changing the oil in the gearbox

Oil change in dispenser

Front axle oil change

Rear axle oil change

The cost of the work performed is 2000 rubles. After changing the oil, the car became very easy to move and, as a result, fuel consumption decreased significantly, especially in winter. Therefore, all costs are offset by the cost of saved gasoline. I think that for a new car, these works are simply necessary. Good luck!

May 10, 2017

Not much time has passed since I bought a brand new Niva, as the figure on the electronic odometer approached 1000 km of run. Many motorists know that on any new car, it is at this mark that an oil change is necessary in all nodes on the field 21214th. In the case of the "Niva", due to its difficult off-road "breed", there will be quite a few such nodes. New oil must be poured into the following units:

1. engine;
2. gearbox (gearbox);
3. transfer box (RKPP);
4. front axle;
5. rear axle;

A scheduled oil change at this mark is mandatory for a number of reasons: it is not known how long, how and where the car was in the warehouse before purchase, and in what condition the oil is now; during the break-in of a new machine, all parts are "lapped", severe wear and tear occurs, which in turn affects the working properties of the oil, and sometimes also contributes to the formation of metal chips that enter the oil, which is completely undesirable; Finally, this is just a manufacturer's recommendation. By changing the oil, you will already know for yourself what is filled in your car and thereby control its condition.

Choosing the Right Oil

So, we figured out the guarantee, but there is also no desire to go to the service for an oil change. If the hands grow from where they need to and there are no problems with the head, then there is nothing complicated in the oil change procedure. It is much more difficult to choose this oil correctly, without running into a fake and not making a mistake with the oil class, viscosity and other parameters.
Although for the "Niva" the issue is not so terrible and the load on the chassis and engine will not be prohibitive due to the design (compared to some BMW), but still, the attitude towards the maintenance of mechanisms will directly affect durability, recoil and driving performance. Trite, having bought a fake oil - we run the risk of getting into an overhaul of the engine, or at least seriously "spoiling his health." This is where the time comes to understand all the intricacies of choosing the right oil once and for all, which will be discussed later.

In general, this topic is so voluminous and in a sense inexhaustible that one can write a huge treatise without getting to the point. But let's try to limit ourselves to the main points. The main thing to remember is that in this case we are talking about the choice of oil specifically for the Niva, therefore, for other car brands, the advice will not be entirely universal, although in many ways the meaning is the same.

Before choosing oil, let's get acquainted with the filling volumes for all nodes in the Niva, where it needs to be replaced:

• Engine 3.75 liters;
• Gearbox (gearbox) 1.6 liters;
• Transfer case (RKPP) 0.75 liters;
• Front axle 1.15 liters;
• Rear axle 1.3 liters;

Focusing on these figures, we will buy oil with a small margin, about 1 liter, so that it remains for topping up and for unforeseen cases. It makes no sense to buy more, since it is unlikely to be needed and will simply be thrown away money. Thus, we need 5 liters of oil for the engine, and about 6 liters for the entire transmission.

Let's go further. If someone does not know, then oil happens two types: motor And transmission. This will be a fundamental point when choosing oil in a store; in no case should you mix up the types of oil, because. they have different properties, which is critical in our case.
Motor oil can also be of two types - for gasoline or diesel units, in the case of Niva, I think it is clear that we are talking only about gasoline. Here is a set of basic criteria by which you can start looking for the right oil on the shelf of a car dealership. Since the oil is imported, it is not always intuitively clear what is what, if you are guided by the inscriptions on the label. Therefore, try to avoid the words "diesel" on the oil label and study all the information as carefully as possible.

This trouble with the choice of oil is just beginning. Now let's deal with the required viscosity of the oil. On the bank / packaging, two numbers are usually indicated, revealing the essence of these parameters. Usually this figure looks something like this: "10-w40" or various variations. Why do we need to know these values, what are they responsible for and what do they affect? Oil viscosity- one of the most important characteristics of the oil, it essentially tells us the ambient temperature range (not the operating temperature!), In which the oil "works", or retains its properties.
In other words, these numbers tell us at what minimum-low temperature the oil begins to thicken too much, and at what maximum-high temperature it begins to thin too much (going beyond operating limits in each case). For normal operation and long-term preservation of all units, critical transformations should not occur with the oil, and the viscosity should be kept at an average level. The same parameter directly affects the oil pressure in the system and its timely pumping by the pump to all parts of the engine. It is calculated solely on the basis of operating conditions, oil change intervals, etc. If you actively operate the car in winter and summer, while changing the oil before the winter / summer season change, then it is advisable to fill in oil with the first index lower for the winter, and for the summer, respectively, choose the oil so that the second index is higher. Based on this, it becomes clear that the first digit in the formula "10-w40" is responsible for maintaining the working properties of the oil at low (minus) temperatures, and the second digit is responsible for performance at high temperatures. But not everything is so simple and unambiguous.
The weather is capricious and often changeable, often there are no severe frosts in winter (of course, it depends on the region), and summer has not met with extreme heat in recent years. Therefore, chasing extreme values ​​​​in the viscosity index is stupid, it is enough to choose a universal oil with an average temperature range. In this sense, for winters with frosts not lower than "minus 25" and for summer heat with temperatures not higher than "plus 30", the best choice would be oil with a viscosity of "10-w40". It is also the most common and often found in stores and is ideal for the operating conditions of the Niva. Of course, in each specific case, this issue is individual, and if you operate the car in the harsh conditions of Siberian frosts or the scorching African sun, then you must choose the viscosity in strict accordance with the climatic conditions. The table below lists the most common oil viscosity values ​​in relation to temperature conditions:

The difficulty of choosing does not end there. Having decided on the viscosity, it is worth considering the main type of oil, there are three of them: mineral, semi-synthetic or synthetic. What are the differences between different types of oils? In general, the difference is quite clear and understandable: mineral motor oil (as the name implies) is made from natural petroleum products (oil fractions of oil purified from impurities), while synthetics are made exclusively chemically from artificial substances (chemically synthesized homogeneous organic compounds). Based on the foregoing, a semi-synthetic oil is a mixture of mineral and synthetic in the right proportion (usually 50/50, although sometimes mineral prevails) to provide the necessary performance properties.
It would seem, what is the difference and what gives this or that composition? As with any field, each type of oil has its own advantages and disadvantages. Initially, when the automotive industry was just beginning to develop, only mineral oils were in use due to their availability and low cost of manufacture. But with the constant improvement of engines, the requirements for oils, the preservation of their properties in various temperature ranges and operating conditions, also grew. This was the impetus for the emergence of synthetic oil, which better retains all its performance characteristics, operates in a wider temperature range, and also has significantly greater durability during operation and excellent energy-saving properties. The main significant advantage of artificial synthetic oil lies in its chemical stability, or in other words: during operation, it practically does not change its properties and thus does not lose its workable state, does not turn into another substance / substance.

However, in practice it is not always advisable to use expensive synthetic oil, especially for obsolete engines that are not so demanding on temperature ranges and do not work at the limit of their capabilities at crazy speeds. This is just a good example of a Niva car with an engine developed in the 60s of the last century. Moreover, in some cases, purely synthetic oil can do harm, because. due to its more liquid consistency, high fluidity and penetrating ability, as well as a peculiar molecular composition, it is more demanding on the quality of rubber engine seals, with which things are very bad on the Niva. As a result, it turns out that synthetics - oil is of course good in all respects, one can even say that it is in some sense ahead of its time and, if you do not run into a fake, it is much more likely to protect the engine in a wide variety of operating conditions.
But for Niva owners, this oil (just like its cosmic properties) is generally useless and will be rather unjustified and at the same time a risky investment. Risky because even for a new car, there is a high probability that the fill in synthetics, Niva's oil seals will leak in a few days or weeks (at best), and this is not very good and threatens to replace these very seals along with engine disassembly. And this oil will be useless because the Niva engine, in general, is not very good and needs an exorbitant supply of working properties that synthetics have, the most mediocre ones will be enough. Thus, the most reasonable and optimal choice for the Niva engine would be semi-synthetic oil, which has balanced / average viscosity characteristics and high-quality additives, but is almost guaranteed to save the car owner from an annoying leak. True, semi-synthetic oil is relevant only for new and fresh cars, but if it is very worn out and “tired”, then only mineral oil remains the only choice. Again, there will be exceptions if the machine is operated in harsh environmental conditions and at extreme temperatures - in these cases there are simply no alternatives to synthetic oils.

We figured out the types of oil and realized that our wise choice for Niva in most cases is semi-synthetics. Let's move on, for those who are completely confused (although for the owner of the Niva, this is generally not very important), oil cans often contain quite valuable information that will tell you about the compliance of a particular oil with the standards of the unified classification system API (American Petroleum Institute) . This information is usually written in the smallest font on the oil package, and sometimes it is not indicated at all. But in fact, as it usually happens, this text is the most valuable for the consumer and will tell you about the oil belonging to a certain type, based on the existing classification. Thanks to this, we can very accurately select the oil to match exactly our conditions and mechanisms, as well as avoid overpaying for unnecessary marketing by choosing a product wisely. The international API classification has been developing since 1969 and to this day, almost all oils are marked according to this system, which is very convenient, because. The classification includes only three classes:

• S (Service)- consists of quality categories of motor oils for gasoline engines, going in chronological order.
• C (Commercial)- consists of categories of quality and purpose of oils for diesel engines, going in chronological order.
• EC (Energy Conservation)- energy-saving oils - a new range of high-quality oils, consisting of low-viscosity, easy-flowing oils that reduce fuel consumption according to the results of tests on gasoline engines.

Universal oils suitable for both gasoline and diesel engines are indicated by two symbols of the corresponding categories: the first symbol is the main one, and the second indicates the possibility of using this oil for another type of engine, for example, API SM / CF.

If you already understand this classification and completely calm your nerves, then on the label you need to look for the class S (Service) for gasoline engines, respectively. This entry should look something like this: API SM. If you decipher for clarity, it turns out that according to the API classification, the oil belongs to the "S" class for gasoline engines and belongs to the "M" quality category. The quality categories according to the API system were entered by letter values ​​in ascending order of the English alphabet, starting with the letter "A". Since the introduction of the API classification, many classes are already hopelessly outdated, for example, class "A" was in use back in the 60s of the last century. Since that moment, the requirements for oil and its properties have increased significantly, and obsolete classes have been taken out of circulation. There are currently three classes:

• SJ- oils of this category are designed for all currently used gasoline engines and completely replace the oils of all previously existing categories in older engine models. The maximum level of operational properties (since 1996).
• SL- oils of this category have stable energy-saving properties, low volatility, extended drain intervals (since 2001).
• SM- oils of this category are characterized by increased requirements for lubricants regarding oxidation resistance, protection against deposits, wear (since 2004)

Addiction to advertising or how not to overpay for beautiful words

Modern people are often highly dependent on the surrounding opinion, they are already literally accustomed to blindly walking on a short leash of marketing and choosing a product without looking, indiscriminately and clarifying the principles of operation of the same oil and the differences between one and the other. Choosing engine oil, they automatically fall into the tight trap of the wrong public opinion, based literally on air and brainwashing by advertising. Brands like this are on everyone's lips. Mobil1, Shell, Castrol and others. On forums and in conversations, people are also advised to choose oil from the same brands, supposedly the most popular, in demand, and therefore of "type" quality. But all this is complete nonsense, because. on the basis of such an opinion, not only is reality ignored, but it is also almost guaranteed that there is a chance of greatly overpaying and running into a fake that will kill your engine or transmission.

To begin with, the reality is that almost all the oil from the existing variety of brands is made at two or three factories, while the rest of the brands are just THEY BUY THE SAME OIL AT THE SAME FACTORY and sell it under their own label, with their own advertising campaign and at their own price. All "magic" properties and top-secret technologies are in most cases just a bunch of empty words to attract "adherents" to the bait. Then these people, without fully realizing it, will passively promote the product and convince others that this oil is supposedly the best! And why? The answer to this question will not follow, because. there is simply no deep understanding of the issue.

In order not to depend on bad advertising and beautiful pictures, it is worthwhile to understand and understand the only truth and stop chasing a meaningless name, but choose oil in a similar way to choosing food, namely in terms of composition. And here comes the paradox - the basis of any oil and the required amount of additives to ensure the required properties of the oil are regulated by standards (for example, the same API). And since almost any oil is standardized, which automatically means that almost all of it is basically the same! Of course, individual manufacturers can add some additives or technological solutions on their own, but they will not go beyond the basis of the standard (and simply cannot). But it is this basis that ensures the proper operation of the oil, which the consumer expects, and mainly the engine of the car.

So it turns out that if you approach the issue sensibly and consciously, then you can and should buy any oil, not paying attention to the brand, but focusing on normal and really important criteria for any person: low cost, compliance with standards (suitable for your car and its engine) and low probability of running into counterfeit products.

How to protect yourself from buying fake oil

Before we have an oil change itself in all nodes on the field 21214, a crucial stage awaits when choosing an oil, on which almost 80% of a successful purchase depends. Why is it scary to run into a fake? The moment is quite obvious, since we cannot know the specific composition of fake oil and its properties. It may happen that this incomprehensible liquid will not have lubricating properties at all and, of course, will quickly disable the engine or transmission.

Well, now, having understood the seriousness of the situation with fakes, it remains only not to buy such oil. Easier said than done. If earlier large retail auto parts stores were a powerful tool for combating fakes, where it seems to be at least somehow safe and confidential to buy goods (as many used to think), now even this does not save. Because the stores themselves do not know what they are selling. What remains for the buyer, who is trying to protect himself from buying a fake? There are two more or less guaranteed ways that will help, if not eliminate the possibility of fake oil, then at least reduce it to a reasonable minimum. Here they are:

Thus, in order to protect yourself from forgery as much as possible, it is enough to be "not like everyone else" (however, this approach can bring "buns" in everyday life). Choosing an oil that is not popular and that no one looks at, we choose a deliberately winning strategy that saves us from fakes and overpayments, since none of the scammers simply will bother with an unpopular brand in terms of sales, because. this does not automatically bode well for them. By remembering these simple rules, you can forever save yourself from headaches and worries about the safety of your car's units, including in heavy / full load modes.

A few words about choosing an oil filter for a field

What does an engine oil filter do and why is it needed? Its main task, as the name implies, is to filter / clean all the oil filled in the engine, passing the entire volume through itself and trapping particles of dirt and other deposits, preventing them from circulating with the oil in the working areas. A reasonable question is: how does dirt get into the engine and where can it appear in the oil, if theoretically the entire system is sealed? Let's start with the fact that although in theory the engine is completely isolated from external influences, in reality and practice, such an ideal does not work out in any way. In fact, the engine "breathes", and many of its connections are far from tight and some low percentage of dirt gets inside, even at least at the moment of unscrewing the oil filler neck. The second moment of the formation of unwanted impurities occurs during direct operation, inside the engine itself (everything is a little bit simpler with the transmission, but also likely). When the engine is operated under heavy load for a long time, as a result of such operation, deposits or metal chips may form due to the contact of rubbing metal parts.
All this muck, of course, falls into the cycle of the "cycle" of oil, but here the same oil filter comes to our aid. It traps any impurities, leaving all the dirt on the filter element. Unfortunately, the described process is, as always, idealized and the filter's work is not that high-quality, but it makes no sense to go far into the jungle. We can only say that the design of most modern oil filters has one significant flaw, due to which dirt does not have time to linger during the first cold start of the car. In this regard, there are still hard-to-reach alternatives, for example, experimental filters of the Russian manufacturer Bazalt, where this problem is completely solved due to a redesigned design. And everything would be fine, but I could not find these filters in the retail sale of a large network of auto parts stores. They are only available to order via the Internet, which is also a good option.

If we ignore these troubles and simply choose a traditional oil filter for our beloved Nyvka, then there are also some nuances here. The main difference between many modern filter elements is the quality of its main working material, and of course the size of the filter itself. All this affects the final cost, and if the quality is more or less clear, then what does the size affect? The size allows for more effective oil cleaning, allowing more dirt to be trapped inside. But for new Niv modifications, large and voluminous oil filters should be chosen with caution.
First you need to make sure that the filter will physically fit into place. To do this, it is enough to visually look under the hood, find the installed oil filter and evaluate the remaining free space where it is installed. The fact is that on models with the air conditioning option (like mine) and probably with ABS (anti-lock braking system), only the filter of the smallest dimension physically fits. If you buy a larger filter, then it does not get into its rightful place, resting against the air conditioning compressor unit. Yes, along with good and long-awaited technological introductions come inevitable problems. I will write about my adventure with a larger filter below.

The procedure for changing the oil on Niva 21214-M on your own

By this time, we should have bought what is necessary for replacement, namely: the oil itself (5 liters of engine and 6 liters of transmission), a new oil filter. For the rest, of course, you will need a set of wrenches (I use open-end and cap wrenches, but it is more convenient for many to work with ratchet "heads"), as well as a prepared place and a container for draining used oil (taking into account the volumes, rather big, or many small ones). The drain container is very important, because. motor oil can pollute the environment very strongly and for this reason it must be properly disposed of or otherwise used (for example, for the conservation of boards). The process of changing the oil itself is extremely simple and does not contain any tricks, except that, due to inexperience or due to excessive accuracy, it can take a lot of time. It took me about 3 hours to change the oil "in a circle", but the result remains for a long time, and most importantly, confidence in it, since the work was done by myself, which in itself is pleasant and priceless, because confidence in the result will be 100% as well as the understanding that the machine components are well protected. In addition to the above tools, you will need some kind of tricky device for changing the oil in the transmission - a special syringe. There are a great many modifications and variants of the latter, but the essence and principle of operation is the same. At prices: from 200 to 1500 rubles for the most sophisticated syringe, although it is most reasonable, of course, to choose the golden mean. For example, I bought a medium-sized syringe with a glass bulb for about 550 rubles. Although later I did not need it, because. in the country, an old grandfather's syringe with air pressure supercharger technology was accidentally discovered, very convenient and practical in business. Why is a syringe so necessary and indispensable without it? The fact is that, unlike changing the oil in the engine (where everything is generally simple and understandable without sophistication), the transmission is located at the very bottom, on the bottom of the car. And since no one has canceled physics, the filler necks are located at the top point of each transmission unit. So it turns out that without a special device, pouring oil inside will not work. A syringe with a flexible hose delivers oil "to the address" without any problems and will help to fill it "to the brim".

Now that we have everything we need, changing the oil in all nodes on the field 21214 is finally possible and this process should begin. If you are doing it outside, it is wise to plan ahead (at least 2-3 hours) and choose a fine day, and also not work at night looking. Next, I will describe my process for changing the oil, so everything can be done by analogy. To begin with, we lay a litter on the ground (those who work in a pit, on a lift or overpass are more fortunate).

Engine oil change

We start with the engine and our task in each case will be to get to the drain hole. The engine is the most time-consuming and costly part of the whole process due to the protective panels that have to be removed on the way to the treasured drain plug.
To make it easier and more efficient to drain the oil, it is useful to “drive” the car beforehand and bring the oil to an operating temperature of 90 degrees, in which case it liquefies decently and drains better (faster) from the sump. We climb under the car and find the bolts for fastening the shields. Here we need keys for "10" and "13".
It is more convenient to work with a ratchet. Carefully twist the bolts for fastening the shields (first the outer, then the inner), while holding the protection with your hand at the end. So after a while we get to the engine sump with the treasured cork. On the way, I personally made an amazing discovery (yes, you never cease to be surprised with the Niva) - a decent amount of debris accumulated on the shields, and rust was found under it! This is despite the fact that the car is new, it is not yet six months old, and by that time I had traveled only 10 times! Here's a little shock.
Well, okay, but now there are factory sound-absorbing panels on the dashboards, at least something has changed at the factory, though it’s hard to say that the car eventually became quieter than the “old” modification of the Niva. We clean the shields from dirt (a useful preventive procedure every time you change the oil. And here it is - the cherished cork with a hexagon. At this stage, we substitute the container for draining the oil somewhere under the cork and slowly unscrew it with an angle hex wrench, holding it by the tip.
In this case, when the oil is poured, the cork will remain put on the key, and will not fall into the container with oil. Well, when the plug is unscrewed, all that remains is to observe how the usually black and dirty oil is drained into the prepared container, the speed of this process will depend on how well the engine was warmed up before this procedure. When all the oil is drained, you can wait another 5-10 minutes before the last droplets begin to drain from the sump (it is important here that the machine is on a flat horizontal surface, otherwise not all the oil will pour out of the sump, and this is critical).
After, when the leak has stopped, we wipe the thread of the hole and the drain plug with a clean, dry cloth, and immediately twist it with sufficient (but not excessive, so as not to rip off) effort into its original place. It's good to do it right away so you don't forget. Regarding the tightening of the connections, there is a golden rule of "balance" - pull until there is significant resistance and it becomes very tight to spin, then from this starting point, stretch it two or three times with the effort of the hands (only without levers and similar devices).

When the oil is drained and the plug is screwed into its rightful place, we proceed to replace the oil filter. There is also nothing complicated in this procedure, especially if the replacement is carried out according to the regulations within the specified time periods, then the filter must be unscrewed by hand. In other cases, when unscrewing is difficult, you will need a special puller, or it will be enough to pierce the oil filter housing with a long slotted screwdriver to use it as a lever. In any of the options - turn the filter counterclockwise and take it out, now you can throw it away.
To replace it, we put a new one, bought in advance. Before installation, it is useful to lubricate the inner sealing ring with fresh engine oil in a circle, it is convenient to do this with the tip of a screwdriver. This is done so that the filter sits as tightly as possible on its seat "on the lubricated one".
When installing, we also twist it only by hand force, we will not need any tools. One has only to make sure that the filter is wrapped with considerable effort!

Now everything is ready for pouring new fresh oil into the engine. At this stage, it is important to remember only one nuance: it is necessary to ensure that dirt does not get into the oil path (as well as into the oil itself), even the smallest particles - this will at least not be useful for the engine, and you should not rely on the oil filter to work , it is better once again just to follow the accuracy of the process. For convenience, a funnel will also help, so as not to fill the entire top cover with oil and not to dirty everything, although this is a matter of personal convenience. To fill in oil: unscrew the engine oil filler neck and carefully, slowly and measuredly fill it with a medium stream.
During the filling process, it is extremely important to monitor the level: first, we pour out more than half of the canister (usually 4 or 5 liters), and then we stop the process and wait at least 5 minutes (preferably 10). This is necessary in order for the oil to glass to the sump, although this time does not guarantee that all the oil will flow to the bottom of the engine, but it will increase the likelihood of this. Only then does it make sense to check the level with a dipstick. Why is level control important? It was not invented by chance and says that there is either too little or too much oil. Both cases are highly undesirable and can damage the engine. The most dangerous is when there is less oil, then the engine and its parts begin to experience oil starvation and work on dry friction, which will eventually lead to failure, because. dry friction wear increases tenfold. But the situation is no less dangerous. when there is more than enough oil. In this case, there can be various consequences, from mild to severe. In the simplest case, excess oil will not go where it should, for example, pour candles or fall into the air channel. Also, fuel consumption increases, because. all the driving components of the engine have to overcome the additional resistance of excess fluid. In the worst cases, it can destroy the oil scraper rings or squeeze out the oil seals with excessive pressure, and this will inevitably lead to costly repairs. Therefore, the most reasonable thing is to fill in the oil once and correctly, according to the level, so that later you do not encounter various serious problems due to your frivolity. The correct oil level is clearly in the middle between the Min and Max marks (50% within these values). Anything higher will burn through and is just as undesirable, anything lower can also lead to oil starvation. Therefore, the balance or "principle of the golden mean" works well with regard to the oil change procedure. Now how to track the level during pouring? As mentioned above, the bay is more than half of the canister (4 or 5 liters), we wait for a while and look at the dipstick - oil should appear somewhere at the very bottom. Then again add some amount "by eye" and again control the level in a similar way. Ultimately, in this way, it will be possible to add oil quite accurately to exactly the middle between Min and Max, and calm down on this. Yes, it takes a lot of time, but the safety of the engine / heart of the car is more important for us, isn't it?

After filling the oil to the desired level, close the oil filler cap, do not forget to firmly insert the dipstick into place and check that everything under the engine is dry and there are no smudges. It remains only to install the engine protection in its original place in the reverse order. This completes the procedure, and if done as described, then there is no doubt about the safety of the engine - everything will work like a clock.

Transmission oil change

It makes no sense to describe the oil change in each transmission unit, because. the process is similar and it will be enough to understand the general principle. I started changing the oil in this order: gearbox, manual transmission, front axle, rear axle; However, the order can be arbitrary. So, as in the case of the engine, with each specific transmission unit, you must first find a drain hole, unscrew it with a hex wrench, drain all the oil (also waiting for the right time until the oil starts to drain drop by drop). The drain hole is always at the very bottom of the node with which we are working, and the fill hole is always a little higher (this is at least in order not to confuse anything). Drain plugs in Niva on hexagons. We unscrew according to the principle already described - with an angle key so as not to get dirty and drown the cork in a container with drained oil.
Do not forget to substitute the container and evaluate the oil for wear, deposits, the presence of metal chips and other dirt (if this is found, it often signals problems). Then we wipe the plug and the drain hole with a clean, dry cloth, screw it back securely. The most interesting and difficult thing remains - to fill in new gear oil. To do this, we finally need the same syringe (not to be confused with a medical one). We unscrew the oil filler neck, draw oil from the canister with a syringe for the entire volume (depending on the design of the syringe), and inject everything through the filler hole, trying not to spill it. There are plastic syringes with large gaps or even glass ones with poor-quality seals, they have an eternal problem - oil leaks from the above slots during operation, try to avoid such cheap products so that the oil change does not turn into a dirty nightmare, but most importantly into wasted oil. In any case, whatever the syringe, it is necessary to fill in the oil until it starts to pour out of the filler hole.

And here comes a subtle moment - although this is not necessary, it will be nice if the oil is at a level slightly above the filler hole. This is achieved in a somewhat strange way: towards the end, when the oil is about to begin to overflow, it is necessary to prepare a syringe with oil and a cork in the other hand, then splash an impressive portion of the oil inside and try to wrap the cork right over the flowing oil. The technology is not exactly nice and clean, but the transmission will thank you very much for it and will remain intact for a long time. It is also useful to arrange such an “overflow” because the oil in the transmission does not change so often compared to the engine oil, which means it is better to treat the replacement with special care and scrupulousness. You can also fill in oil just above the plug in another, more costly way - slightly raise one side of the car with a jack (opposite to the plug) so that the skew allows you to do this without unnecessary tricks (or put the car on a slope, the essence is the same). To choose a way for everyone for themselves, and it’s not entirely necessary, but it will help to extend life and protect transmission units in case of increased loads (for Niva, this will be driving at maximum speed or a constant load in off-road conditions at the limit of possibilities). There is also information that in some cases, due to the design features of the gearbox, when driving in 5th gear, the gears of the extreme position remain without oil and experience starvation, which leads to its failure. After filling the oil, tighten the plug and you're done!

Results of the procedure

We start the car with the feeling that it has washed itself inside and has been transformed, which means that it is now ready for new road, and in the case of the Niva, off-road tests of any complexity. After changing the oil, you can also feel a change in movement - sometimes the car starts to go faster, smoother, becomes a little quieter at the same speed levels, but all this is possible only with really high-quality oil.
True, in my case, no miracles happened, but the feeling of safety of the nodes does not leave for a long time after the "circular" replacement. A few days after changing the oil, the car should be run in, making sure that no oil stains appear on the surface under the bottom during parking, as well as watching the car turn at speed and, most importantly, monitoring the oil level in the engine daily on the dipstick. Finally, I would like to say: do not forget to change the oil in your car in a timely manner and approach the issue as seriously as possible, because not only the overall durability of your car depends on this, but also the preservation of the original performance characteristics.

The service life and quality of operation of the engine and gearbox directly depends on the correct choice of lubricants. All rubbing and rotating parts must be covered with a layer of oil, regardless of the temperature and intensity of the motor.

NIVA SUVs experience increased loads: “ragged” operation of the engine and gearbox, difficult temperature conditions. Lubrication is supplied to the lubrication units through special channels. If you choose its characteristics incorrectly, you may encounter the following problems:

• The thickened technical fluid does not reach the friction unit.
• Due to the high temperature, the lubricant breaks up into fractions and loses its properties.
• Insufficient detergent properties do not cope well with cleaning.
• Poor-quality base or additives themselves become a source of deposits that clog oil channels.

All this leads to increased wear of engine and gearbox components, and sometimes to jamming of the crankshaft.

What kind of oil to fill in NIVA?

The most common engine installed on VAZ 2121 - 8 valves, 83 l / s, volume 1.7 liters. With this volume, the motor is more torsional than revving. In this case, the temperature regime is very important - you should choose which oil to pour into the NIVA engine according to weather conditions.
The parameters recommended by the manufacturer are only suitable for an engine that has not passed the warranty mileage. There is a table formed according to the requirements of the manufacturer.

Filling in a different lubricant is more expensive for yourself, since you can lose your warranty. Most NIVA owners do their own oil changes after the warranty period, saving money on maintenance. To extend the motor life, it is important to choose the right lubricant viscosity. Just this parameter directly depends on the weather. The general principle is that the higher the temperature, the higher the viscosity.

The engine is cooled not only by antifreeze, but also by oil. Too liquid grease heats up quickly, and heat transfer deteriorates. In addition, it is possible to leak through gaskets and seals. Heated liquid with low coefficient it will be bad to keep the so-called. grease spot.
The reverse side of the coin is if you fill in thick oil in winter. Firstly, cranking the crankshaft in solid oil is quite difficult even for a fresh battery. Secondly, viscous lubricant will not pass through the channels, the level of irrigation of rubbing parts will be insufficient.

Which oil is better, mineral or synthetic?

We will leave environmental issues to Greenpeace, for the owners of NIVA, the main thing is reliability. The point is the basis from which the technical fluid is made. Mineral water or semi-synthetics are cheaper to manufacture, but the delamination resistance is much lower. On the other hand, the replacement of transmission fluid on NIVA SUVs occurs quite often, even the most unstable base simply does not have time to lose its factory properties.


The waste consumption of synthetics is higher, since the penetrating power of such a base is better.

What kind of oil to pour into a NIVA box?

Since gearbox lubricants are not so expensive, you can not save on quality. If you pour a frankly cheap liquid of dubious origin, the gear will not turn on at the right time. Yes, and repairing the box will cost more than the money saved.
Just like for the engine, there are temperature tolerances for viscosity.

Parameters in the table.


The box is more sensitive to the quality of fluids, since it works with increased loads in off-road modes. Despite the fact that when buying a NIVA, a mineral water is poured into the transmission, at the first change it is recommended to flush the gearbox and pour synthetic. This is not in conflict with the warranty but the box will last longer.

To understand the differences in transmission fluids, watch the video:

REFILLING CAPACITIES

Refillable system	Volume, l
Fuel tank (including reserve)	42 (65*)
Engine cooling system (including interior heating system)	10,7
Engine lubrication system (including oil filter)	3,75
gearbox housing	1,6
rear axle housing	1,3
Steering gear housing	0,18
transfer case housing	0,79
Front axle housing	1,15
Clutch hydraulic system	0,2
Hydraulic brake system	0,535
Windscreen and headlight washer reservoir	2,8
Rear window washer reservoir	2,0
Power steering reservoir	1,7

* For VAZ-2131 cars and its modifications.

Refueling or lubrication point	Quantity, l	Name of materials
Fuel tank		Motor gasoline with an octane rating of 91–93.95*
Engine cooling system, including interior heating system		Coolant with a freezing point not higher than -40°С
Engine lubrication system, including oil filter, at ambient temperature:		Engine oils (with API quality level: SG, SH, SJ)
from -20° to +45°С
from -25° to +35°С
from -25° to +45°С
from -30° to +35°С
from -30° to +45°С
gearbox housing		Gear oils with a quality level according to API GL-5 and a viscosity of 75W-90
transfer case housing
Front axle housing
rear axle housing
Steering gear housing		Gear oil 75W-90
Clutch release hydraulic system Brake hydraulic system		Brake fluid DOT-3, -4
Windshield washer reservoir Tailgate glass washer reservoir		Mixture of water with windshield washer fluid
Starter driving ring
Front wheel bearings		Grease Litol-24 or imported analogues
Bearings of universal joints		Grease Fiol-2U, No. 158 or imported analogues
Spline connection of the front propeller shaft		Grease Fiol-1, SHRUS-4 or imported analogues
Door opening limiters		Grease SHRUS-4
Sled moving seats
Tie rod joints and ball pins of the front suspension		ShRB-4 grease or imported analogues
Battery terminals and terminals, door keyholes		Auto-lubricant VTV-1 in an aerosol package, CIATIM-201, -221, Litol-24 or imported analogues
Door locks		Lubricant Fiol-1 or imported analogues
Rear brake pressure regulator		Grease DT-1 or imported analogues

*For vehicles with a fuel injection system equipped with an exhaust gas converter

Fuels and lubricants approved and recommended for the operation of the LADA 4x4 vehicle and its modifications

GASOLINES FOR VEHICLES

Notes:

1. To ensure engine start and vehicle operation at low negative ambient temperatures, it is necessary to use gasoline of the appropriate volatility classes, depending on the climatic region. Requirements for volatility classes and seasonal use of gasoline for various regions of the Russian Federation are set out in the relevant standards for fuels for internal combustion engines.

2. It is not allowed to use gasoline with organometallic antiknock agents based on lead, iron, manganese and other metals.

3. It is allowed to use multifunctional additives that protect fuel supply parts and the engine from corrosion, deposits and carbon deposits. Such additives must be added to commercial gasoline by the gasoline manufacturer.

Independent addition of secondary additives by the car owner is not allowed.

Motor oils

Oil brand	SAE viscosity grade	Group		Manufacturer	Regulatory document
		AAI	AP1
LUKOIL LUX	5W-30, 5W-40 10W-40,15W-40	B5/D3	SJ/CF		STO 00044434-003
LUKOIL LUX	0W-40, 5W-20, 5W-30, 5W-50, 10W-30	B5/D3	SL/CF	OOO Lukoil-Permnefteorg-sintez, Perm	STO 00044434-003
TNK SUPER	5W-30, 5W-40 10W-40	B5/D3	SJ/SL/CF		TU 0253-008-44918199
TNK MAGNUM	5W-30, 5W-40 10W-40,15W-40	B5/D3	SJ/SL/CF		TU 0253-025-44918199
ROSNEFT MAXIMUM	5W-40, 10W-40	B5/D3	SL/CF		TU 0253-063-48120848
ROSNEFT OPTIMUM	10W-30, 10W-40 15W-40	B5/D3	SJ/CF	OAO Novokuibyshevsk Plant of Oils and Additives, Novokuibyshevsk	TU 0253-062-48120848
ROSNEFT MAXIMUM	5W-40, 10W-40	B5/D3	SL/CF		TU 0253-391-05742746
ROSNEFT OPTIMUM	10W-30, 10W-40 15W-40	B5/D3	SJ/CF	OJSC Angarsk Petrochemical Company, Angarsk	TU 0253-389-05742746
ROSNEFT PREMIUM	0W-40, 5W-40 5W-40	B5/D3	SJ/CF SL/CF SM/CF	OJSC Angarsk Petrochemical Company, Angarsk	TU 0253-390-05742746

Continuation of the table. 2

Oil brand	SAE viscosity grade	Group		Manufacturer	Regulatory document
		AAI	API
EXTRA 1 EXTRA 5 EXTRA 7	5W-30 15W-40 20W-50	B5/D3	SJ/CF	JSC Omsk Oil Refinery, Omsk	TU 38.301-19-137
EXTRA	5W-30, 10W-40, 15W-40	B5/D3	SL/CF	JSC Omsk Oil Refinery, Omsk	TU 38.301-19-137
ESSO ULTRA	10W-40	B5/D3	SJ/SL/CF	Exxon-Mobil, Germany
GTTURBO SM	10W-40	B5	SM	Hanval Inc., Korea
LIQUI MOLY OPTIMAL	10W-40	B5/D3	SL/CF	Liqui Moly GmbH, Germany
MOBIL 1 MOBIL SYNT S MOBIL SUPER S	0W-40, 5W-50 5W-40 10W-40	B5/D3	SJ/SL SM/CF SJ/SL/CF	Exxon-Mobil, Germany
MOBIL 1 ESP FORMULA	5W-30	B6/D3	SJ/SL SM/CF
RAVENOL HPS RAVENOL VSI RAVENOL LLO RAVENOL TSI RAVENOL Turbo-C HD-C	5W-30 5W-40 10W-40 10W-40 15W-40	B5/D3	SL/CF SL/CF SL/CF SL/CF SJ/CF	Ravensberger Schmirstoffvertrieb GmbH, Germany
SHELL HELIX: PLUS PLUS EXTRA ULTRA	10W-40 5W-40 5W-40	B5/D3	SL/CF	SHELL EAST EUROPE Co, UK, Finland
ZIC APLUS	5W-30, 10W-30, 10W-40	B5	SL	SK CORPORATION, Korea

Table 3

Transmission oils for use in the gearbox, transfer case, drive axles and steering gear

Table 4

Oil brand	SAE viscosity grade	API Group	Manufacturer	Regulatory document
LUKOIL TM 5	75W-90 80W-90 85W-90		OAO Lukoil-Volgogradnefte-pererabotka, Volgograd OOO Lukoil-Permnefteorgsintez, Perm	STO 00044434-009 TU 0253-044-00148599
NOVOIL SUPERT				TU 38.301-04-13
ROSNEFT KINETIC	75W-90, 80W-90 85W-90		OJSC Angarsk Petrochemical Company, Angarsk	TU 0253-394-05742746
ROSNEFT KINETIC			OAO Novokuibyshevsk Plant of Oils and Additives, Novokuibyshevsk	TU 0253-030-48120848
SUPER T-2 SUPER T-3			JSC Omsk Oil Refinery, Omsk	TU 38.301-19-62
TNK TRANS HYPOID			TNK Lubricants LLC, Ryazan	TU 38.301-41-196
TNK TRANS HYPOID SUPER			TNK Lubricants LLC, Ryazan	TU 0253-014-44918199
			Shell East Europe Co, UK

Note. The oil change period is in accordance with the car's service book.

Table 5

Attention Do not use oil additives or other means to improve the operation of the engine, its systems or vehicle transmission units.

For the operation of vehicles, modern high-performance engine and transmission oils are recommended. Therefore, there is no need to use additional additives, and in certain cases this can lead to such damage to the engine or transmission units, which are not covered by the guarantee of AVTOVAZ OJSC.

Coolant liquids

Fluid brand	Manufacturer	Regulatory document
Tosol-TS Felix		TU 2422-006-36732629
Cool Stream Standard		TU 2422-002-13331543
Cool Stream Premium	JSC "Technoform", Klimovsk, Moscow region	TU 2422-001-13331543
ANTIFREEZE SINTEC	ZAO Obninskorgsintez, Obninsk	TU 2422-047-51140047
	LLC "TC Tosol-Sintez", Dzerzhinsk	TU 2422-068-36732629
ANTIFREEZE (TOSOL) LONGLIFE	CJSC "Delfin Industry", Pushkino	TU 2422-163-04001396

Note. The service life and replacement of antifreeze in accordance with the service book of the car. Mixing coolants of different brands is not allowed.

SHOCK ABSORBER FLUID

Fluid GRG-12 Front shock absorber - 0.12 l Rear shock absorber - 0.195 l.

Brake fluids

Table 7

Note. The service life and replacement of brake fluids in accordance with the service book of the car, but not more than three years.

Windshield and special fluids

Fluid brand	Manufacturer	Regulatory document
WINDOW WASHING LIQUIDS
	LLC "ASD", Togliatti	TU 2421-001-55894651
	Multifarma-Samara LLC, Samara	TU 2384-170-00151727
	NPP "Macromer", Vladimir	TU 2451-007-10488057
	CJSC "JSC ASPECT", Moscow	TU 2384-011-41974889
SPECIAL LIQUIDS
	MOPZ VNII NP, Moscow
LUKOIL AJ	OOO Lukoil VNP, Volgograd	TU 0253-025-00148599
	f. "VARYA", Nizhny Novgorod	TU 0253-048-05767924
Pentosin Hydraulic Fluid CHS 11S	f. Pentosin, Germany	TTM 1.97.0964

Plastic lubricants

Grease brand	Manufacturer	Regulatory document
Vaseline technical VTV-1		TU 38.301-40-21
Vaseline technical ONMZ VTV-1		TU 0255-195-05767887
Lubricant AZMOL GRAFITOL	OJSC "Azmol", Berdyansk	TU U 23.2-00152365-178
Lubricant LIMOL	OJSC "Azmol", Berdyansk	TU 38.301-48-54
LITA grease	OJSC "Azmol", Berdyansk	TU 38.101-1308
Grease LITOL-24	OJSC "Azmol", Berdyansk
Grease AZMOL LSTs-15	OJSC "Azmol", Berdyansk	TU U 23.2-00152365-180
Lubricant UNIROL-1	JSC "Rikos", Rostov-on-Don	TU 38.301-40-23
Grease UNIOL-2M/1	OJSC "Azmol", Berdyansk
Grease AZMOL FIOL-1	OJSC "Azmol", Berdyansk	TU U 23.2-00152365-173
Grease AZMOL ShRB-4	OJSC "Azmol", Berdyansk	TU U 23.2-00152365-172
Grease AZMOL SHRUS-4	OJSC "Azmol", Berdyansk	TU U 23.2-00152365-182
SHRUS-4M grease	OJSC "Perm plant of lubricants and coolants", Perm	TU 38.401-58-128
Grease Ortol Sh	JSC "Neftemaslozavod", Orenburg	TU 0254-001-05767887
Lubricant CIATIM-201	OJSC "Azmol", Berdyansk, OJSC "Rikos", Rostov-on-Don, LLC NPF "RUSMA", St. Petersburg, OJSC "Neftemaslozavod", Orenburg
Lubricant CIATIM-221	OJSC "Azmol", Berdyansk, OJSC "Rikos", Rostov-on-Don, LLC NPF "RUSMA", St. Petersburg

Continuation of the table. 9

Grease brand		Manufacturer	Regulatory document
Solid lubricant Molybdol M3		ZAO Tekhnologiya, St. Petersburg
Lubricating graphite "P"		OJSC "Azmol", Berdyansk
Grease Ditor		JSC "Rikos", Rostov-on-Don	TU 0254-007-05766706
Grease CASTROL S-058		Castrol, Germany
MOLYKOTE X-106 Grease		Daw Corning, USA	TTM 1.97.0115
Grease Renolit JP 1619		Fusch, Germany	TTM 1.97.0800
Lucas Lucas PFG-111		Lucas TRW, Germany	TTM 1.97.0733
Flushing fluids for the engine lubrication system Table 10
Fluid brand	Manufacturer		Regulatory document
AUTO FLUSHING	OAO Lukoil-Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez, Kstovo, OOO Lukoil-Permnefteorgsintez, Perm		STO 00044434-0122
FLUSHING OIL	OAO Novo-Ufimsky Oil Refinery, Ufa		TU 0253-019-05766528
ROSNEFT EXPRESS	OAO Angarsk Petrochemical Company, Angarsk		TU 0253-392-05742746
MP SYNTHETIC MP CLASSIC	OJSC "Omsk Oil Refinery", Omsk		STO 84035624-005

Note. Flushing fluids are used during maintenance in accordance with the service book during the replacement of working engine oil with fresh one.

Materials for anti-corrosion treatment of the body

Fluid for refueling hydraulic steering system

Table 12

List of items containing precious metals in LADA 4x4 cars

Item number	product name	Location of precious metals	Weight in grams
			gold	silver	palladium
2115-3801010	instrument cluster	in semiconductors	0,000263	0,016414
2105-3747010-03	Turn signal and alarm breaker		0,0180561	0,0208012	0,103
2105-3709310/-01	Three lever switch	Coating		0,1664
2101-3704010-11	ignition switch	In contacts		0,14078
2105-3710010-03/-04	Hazard switch	In contacts		0,107
21213-3709607	Heated rear window switch	In contacts		0,11517
2113-3709609-10	Rear fog light switch	In contacts		0,115169
2104-3709612	Rear window wiper and washer switch	In contacts		0,403093
2107-3709608-01	heater switch	In contacts		0,265997
21045-3709280	Fuel heating switch	In contacts		0,170288
2108-3720010-10/-11/-12	Stop signal switch	In contacts		0,1681
	Generator voltage regulator	in semiconductors	0,0534
2106-3828110	Water temperature gauge sensor	In contacts		0,0161637
2105-3747010-02/03	Relay-interrupter for direction indicators and alarms	Gold in semiconductors, silver in contacts	0,00021	0,0731
2105-3747210-12	High Beam Relay	In contacts		0,055
2105-37470-1010-12	Relay for switching on the dipped headlights	In contacts		0,055
2105-3747210-02	Headlight cleaner relay	In contacts		0,137
2114-3747610	Rear fog light relay	Gold in semiconductors, silver in contacts	0,000998	0,034935

SpecificationsOverall dimensions Identification numbersLocation of components and unitsControlsCombination of instrumentsTightening torquesData for adjustmentsFault codesApplied fluids and their volumesApplied seals ECMReplacement of lamps Maintenance scheduleElectrical diagram VAZ-21213Wiring diagram ECM VAZ-21214Wiring diagram VAZ 2121Armored Niva characteristicsFire fire Niva characteristicsNiva Pickup characteristicsAirborne Niva characteristicsVan Niva characteristicsSnow and swamp vehicle characteristics

Interchangeability of parts (95)

Engine PartsTransmission PartsSuspension PartsSteering PartsBrake PartsElectrical Parts

lada-niva.ru

Changing the rear gear oil Niva VAZ 21213, 21214, 2131 lada 4x4

(See also Changing the oil in the front gearbox)

How often to change the oil in the rear gearbox? - According to the service book regulations, the oil in the gearbox is changed every 40 thousand km. If the car is new, then the first replacement should be after 2 thousand km, and then every 40 thousand km.

How much oil to fill in the rear gearbox? - 1.3 liters.

What oil to fill in? - Gear oil quality according to API GL-5 and viscosity 75W-90

Checking the oil level

The oil level needs to be checked every 10,000 km. on a cold gearbox.

Loosen the filler plug with a wrench. The oil level should reach the lower edge of the filler hole, which is checked with a finger. In case of insufficient oil, add it in the same way as shown below, until it starts to flow out. After draining the excess, screw the plug back in place.

Change of oil

We clean the drain plug magnet and wrap it.

Close the fill plug.

We clean the breather and wrap it in place.

lada-niva.ru

Rear axle oil change

From personal experience, I know many owners who do not change the oil in the Niva bridge for several years, and even with a mileage of more than 100,000 km, continue to operate the car on the old oil that has long been exhausted. Naturally, such a method is not welcome and will adversely affect the entire mechanism. So it’s best to replace it no later than 60,000 km, I personally kept a 50,000 km gap on the “classic” and there were never any problems, the cars looked after 300,000 without repairing this unit.

To perform this procedure on the VAZ 2121, we need the following tool:

1. Hexagon 12
2. Key 17 or head with a knob
3. A special syringe or a simple device (a watering can with a hose)

Guide for changing the oil in the rear axle of a Niva car

The first step is to find a container that you no longer need, some old canister or can, and substitute it under the drain hole.

We unscrew the plug with a hexagon, as shown in the photo below:

and drain the used oil into a container after waiting at least ten minutes until all the muck flows out of there:

After that, we thoroughly clean the cork and twist it back to its original place. Then it is necessary to unscrew the filler hole, the plug of which is located approximately in the middle of the Niva rear axle:

To change the oil, I did not use a special syringe, since such a device was not at hand, but a watering can, to which I attached a hose. It all looks something like the picture below:

Gently pour new oil in a thin stream until it starts to flow out of the hole, the uppermost edge is considered the required level. Then we twist the cork back and we can assume that everything is ready. Another point, there is a so-called breather on top, which can be unscrewed with a 13 key and needs to be cleaned and installed in its original place.

niva-remont.com

Used liquids and filling volumes Niva VAZ 21213, 21214 and 2131

To refuel and maintain a domestic VAZ SUV, you need to know the filling capacities of the VAZ 21213 Niva and its modifications VAZ 21214. You need to know some numbers as a keepsake, for example, the capacity of the tank and engine crankcase. The rest should be written down in a notebook, which is stored in the glove compartment of the cabin. And it doesn’t matter that you are not going to do the maintenance of the car yourself, the specialists at the service station may also not know the filling volumes of your car.

power unit

The engine installed on the modern Niva 21213 (214) car model was inherited from the Soviet progenitor - VAZ 2121, and in terms of liquid volumes they are almost identical:

1. Liquid cooling system. It is filled with antifreeze in the amount of 10.7 liters with a freezing point not higher than -40 ° C. The capacity of the interior heating radiator is also included in this volume.
2. Crankcase. Engine oils are poured here, whose brand depends on the operating conditions. Capacity - 3.75 liters, including oil filter filling.

The degree of viscosity of the oil poured into the Niva engine must correspond to the temperature regime on the street at which the machine is operated. Possible modes and suitable brands of oils are indicated in the table:

When flushing the power package during the oil change process, the same amount of flushing oil (3.75 l) is used, taking into account the filter dimensions. Replacement is carried out after 8-12 thousand kilometers, depending on the quality of the oil. Flushing is usually performed after 3 engine lubrication changes. During operation, it is important to monitor the oil level in the crankcase using a special dipstick. If the level has fallen below the Min risk, it is urgent to add lubricant to the engine of the same viscosity that was filled earlier.

You need to update antifreeze at least once every 3 years or according to the degree of deterioration of the liquid. It is not recommended to dilute antifreeze with distilled water, either in winter or in summer. In winter, diluted fluid can freeze, and during summer heat, it can boil prematurely, which will lead to overheating of the motor.

Transmission

The Niva 4x4 transmission system has the following filling volumes:

• transfer box - 0.79 l;
• gearbox - 1.6 l;
• rear axle - gearbox - 1.3 l;
• front axle - crankcase - 1.15 l;
• steering column - crankcase - 0.18-0.2 l.

As in the operation of the power unit, under different temperature conditions, transmission units and assemblies are filled with oils of different viscosities, which is reflected in the table:

As stated in the operating instructions, it is necessary to change transmission lubricants 1 time per 30 thousand km. run. At the same time, replacement is not provided for in the crankcase of the steering mechanism, only an additive through the top plug. The “native” oil for Zhiguli transmission units is the TAD17I brand.

Gear oils have good penetrating power. Therefore, poorly clamped plugs and worn-out gaskets of the units begin to gradually leak lubricant. In such situations, the addition of oil of the same viscosity grade and preferably from the same manufacturer is allowed. If you do not top up during a leak, the lubrication level in the unit will decrease, which will lead to accelerated wear of expensive mechanisms.

Other liquids and fuels and lubricants

Every motorist should know by heart the maximum amount of fueling his car. The fuel tank VAZ 21213 has a capacity of 42 liters, including the reserve. The reserve is understood as the amount of fuel remaining in the tank after the yellow warning lamp on the instrument panel has turned on. Reserve size - not less than 5 l. The car must be filled with gasoline, whose octane number lies in the range of 91-93.

The car has a number of refueling tanks, which the owner must monitor during operation:

• brake system with expansion tank, total capacity - 0.515 l;
• hydraulic clutch drive with expansion tank - 0.2 l;
• 2 plastic tanks with a volume of 2 liters each contain a supply of fluid for the windshield and rear window washer.

The clutch release actuator and brake system are filled with hydraulic brake fluid (the most popular is DOT-4). It should be changed at least every 3 years, because the liquid has the ability to absorb water vapor contained in the air. As a result, all steel parts of the system in contact with it begin to corrode, which leads to complete or partial failure of the brakes.

If there is a leak in the clutch or brake system, the level in the expansion tanks drops, so constant monitoring is required over them.

The level of brake fluid in the tanks must be maintained not lower than the corresponding mark on the plastic case of the container.

Liquid or clean water for washing glasses is topped up if necessary, in winter - always a non-freezing option. Otherwise, the ice will destroy not only the pipes, but also damage the electric pump.

Also, various thick lubricants are used for maintenance and lubrication of the Niva:

• Litol - composition for lubrication of highly loaded bearing parts;
• SHRUS-4 - grease for hinges of the front axle shafts and door opening limiters;
• ShRB-4 is designed for processing ball pins of bearings and steering rods.

The list of filling capacities is useful for novice motorists who have bought a used car with a lost instruction manual. The operation of such a car should just begin with the replacement of all fluids and oils.

korchim.ru

Changing the front gear oil Niva VAZ 21213, 21214, 2131 lada 4x4

(see also Changing the oil in the rear gearbox)

How often to change the oil in the front axle gearbox? - You need to change the oil in the rear axle gearbox every 40 thousand km, and on a new car, the first change is done after 2 thousand km. run, and then every 40 thousand km.

How much oil to fill in the front axle gearbox? - 1.15 liters.

What oil to fill in the front gearbox? - Gear oil quality according to API GL-5 and viscosity 75W-90

(For more information on specific grades and characteristics of oil, see Applicable fluids and capacities)

How to check the oil level in the front gearbox? - The oil level is measured on a cold gearbox. On the pit, or overpass, remove the protective shields of the engine. With the key "17" we unscrew the plug of the filler hole of the gearbox

The oil level should reach the lower edge, which is checked with a finger. If the level is significantly lower, add oil with a syringe in the same way as shown below (when replacing), until the oil starts to flow out. After draining excess oil, wrap the cork.

Remove the engine shield.

We clean the drain plug magnet and wrap it.

We wrap the plug of the filler hole.

lada-niva.ru

A Russian driver - he is such that he will not climb under the car until something breaks there. Beginners and experienced drivers often neglect the terms of the regulations, which indicate the service life of engine oil or oil in the rear axle gearbox. You should not do this, because then an expensive repair shines, which is unlikely to please you. Today we will tell you how to change the oil in the rear axle gearbox on the Niva with your own hands. Note that this procedure is required every 75 thousand kilometers.

Recall that if you do not change the oil in the rear axle gearbox on the VAZ 2121 for a long period, it will lose its properties, which will lead to increased wear of parts. If you have accepted to perform this operation yourself, I recommend driving the car into a pit or raising the rear of the car with a jack.

We will need these tools:

1. 12 mm hexagon.2. Socket head 17 with ratchet.3. Watering can for oil.4. Waste oil container.

Recall that in the previous article we considered how to replace the cooling radiator on the Niva with our own hands. This operation is quite realistic to perform in garage conditions, I recommend preparing clean containers for antifreeze or antifreeze in advance.

Changing the oil in the rear axle gearbox on the Niva

1. First of all, you need to unscrew the drain plug, which is located on the bridge. For this operation, we need a 12 mm hexagon.

2. Before you completely unscrew the plug, substitute a suitable container for oil.

3. When all the used oil is completely glass, we twist the plug back, all the same with a hexagon. Now you need to unscrew the plug to fill in fresh oil. It is located in the back, in the center. See photo for more details.

4. Now you need to prepare such equipment (see photo) hose + watering can, through which it will be possible to pour fresh oil into the rear axle gearbox.

Pour fresh oil into the rear axle gearbox, then tighten the plug. Now for 75 thousand kilometers you can forget about this procedure. It took me about 25 minutes to complete all the procedures. Save your money, do it yourself!

vazgarage.ru

Changing the oil in the rear axle gearbox VAZ 2121 Niva 2131

The oil change in the rear axle gearbox on a VAZ 2121 and Niva 2131 car is carried out according to the technical inspection card, on average for most cars this mileage is about 35 t.km. Before performing repair work, the car must drive at least 10 km in order for the oil to warm up, become more liquid and better glass from the walls of the gearbox.

Prepare a standard set of tools, a technical syringe, new gear oil, and then do the following sequence of actions:

For the convenience of carrying out repair work, it is recommended to drive the car onto a viewing hole, overpass or lifts.

Next, with a twelve-sided wrench, unscrew the drain plug and drain the oil into a previously prepared container. Be careful when draining as the oil is very hot and splashes can burn your hands.

After draining the oil, we clean the magnet on the plug from dirt, also pay attention to its nature, if there are metal chips, which indicate a malfunction of the gears, which will subsequently necessitate repair with disassembly. We twist the cork and tighten it.

With a spanner wrench for seventeen, unscrew the filler plug. Next, we take a technical syringe and fill it with new gear oil and press it into the rear axle gearbox. It is necessary to fill in oil until such a moment, until its level coincides with the lower edge of the filler neck. Then we twist the cork.

And at the final stage, it remains to clean the breather. To do this, unscrew it with a thirteen key, clean it and twist it back. If necessary, replace it.

This completes the repair work on changing the oil in the rear axle gearbox on a VAZ 2121 and Niva 2131 car.