BMW, Bayerisch Motoren Werke, (BMW, Bayerisch Motoren Werke AG), a German automotive company specializing in the production of passenger cars, sports cars, off-road vehicles and motorcycles. The headquarters is located in Munich.
In 1913, on the northern outskirts of Munich, Karl Rapp and Gustav Otto, the son of the inventor of the internal combustion engine, Nikolaus August Otto, set up two small aircraft engine companies. The outbreak of the First World War immediately brought numerous orders for aircraft engines. Rapp and Otto decide to merge into one aircraft engine plant. Thus, an aircraft engine factory was established in Munich, which in July 1917 was registered under the name Bayerische Motoren Werke ("Bavarian Motor Works") - BMW. This date is considered to be the year of foundation of BMW, and Karl Rapp and Gustav Otto its founders.
After the end of the First World War, the company was on the verge of collapse, because, under the Treaty of Versailles, the Germans were forbidden to produce engines for aircraft, namely, engines at that time were the only products of BMW. But the enterprising Karl Rapp and Gustav Otto find a way out - the plant is converted to the production of motorcycle engines first, and then the motorcycles themselves.
In 1923, the first R32 motorcycle leaves the BMW factory. At the 1923 motorcycle show in Paris, this first BMW motorcycle immediately gained a reputation for speed and reliability, which was confirmed by absolute speed records in international motorcycle races of the 20s and 30s.
At the same time, the Motor-4 engine is being developed, the final assembly of which is carried out in other European countries. In 1919, Franz Diemer on a plane with this engine, having risen to a height of 9760 meters, sets the first BMW world record. Production receives an additional boost after the conclusion of a secret agreement with Soviet Russia to supply her with the latest aircraft engines. Most of the Soviet record flights of the 1930s were made on aircraft equipped with BMW engines.
In 1928, the company acquires car factories in Eisenach (Thuringia), and with them a license for the production of a small car Dixi (it was a licensed English Austin 7). Its production begins in 1929. Dixi is the first BMW car. During the period of economic difficulties, the small car becomes the most popular car in Europe. By the beginning of World War II, BMW was one of the most dynamically developing companies in the world, producing sports-oriented equipment. She has several world records to her credit: Wolfgang von Gronau crosses the North Atlantic from east to west in an open seaplane Dornier Wal powered by BMW, Ernst Henne sets the world speed record for motorcycles - 279.5 km / h, not surpassed by anyone over the next 14 years.
In 1933, the production of the 303 model, the first BMW car with a 6-cylinder engine, began. It is this model that first acquires a characteristic grille. popularly called "nostrils" BMW. These nostrils have become a typical design element of all BMW vehicles.
In 1936, BMW produced the famous "328" - one of the most successful sports cars. For that time, these were simply avant-garde technical innovations: a tubular frame, a six-cylinder engine with a light alloy head, a new valve mechanism with rods. With the 328 model, BMW became so famous in the second half of the 30s. that all subsequent cars with a two-tone brand name were perceived by the public as a symbol of high quality, reliability and beauty. With its appearance, the BMW ideology was finally formed, which to this day determines the concept of new models: “The car is for the driver.” The main competitor, Mercedes-Benz, follows the principle: "The car is for passengers." Since then, each company has gone its own way, proving that its choice is the right one.
The winner of a great many competitions - circuit races, rallies, hill climbs - the BMW 328 was addressed to sports car connoisseurs and left all mass-produced sports cars far behind.
1938 - BMW acquires a license for Pratt-Whitney engines. Then model 132 is developed, which is installed on the famous Junkers Yu52. In the same year, the fastest pre-war motorcycle model was created, with a power of 60 hp. and a maximum speed of 210 km/h. In 1939, the German racer Georg Mayer becomes the European champion on this motorcycle. And for the first time, a foreigner on a foreign motorcycle wins the British Senior Tourist Trophy.
The outbreak of war leads to the suspension of the production of cars. Priority is once again given to aircraft engines.
In 1944, BMW was the first in the world to launch the BMW 109-003 jet engine. Rocket engines are also being tested. The end of World War II was a disaster for the concern. Four factories that ended up in the Eastern zone of occupation were destroyed and dismantled. The main plant in Munich was dismantled by the British. In connection with the production of aircraft engines and missiles during the war, the victors issue an order to ban production for three years.
And Karl Rapp and Gustav Otto, who have not changed their love for motors, decide to start all over again from scratch. A 1-cylinder R24 motorcycle is being developed, which was assembled in workshops almost handicraft. It becomes the first post-war BMW product. In 1951, the first post-war passenger car of the 501 model appeared. However, it does not bring financial success.
In 1955, the production of the R 50 and R 51 models begins, opening a new generation of motorcycles with a fully sprung chassis, the Isetta small car comes out, a strange symbiosis of a motorcycle with a car. A three-wheeled vehicle with a forward-opening door was a huge success in impoverished post-war Germany. But because of the ensuing passion for large limousines and the resulting losses, the company is on the verge of collapse. This is the only case in the history of BMW when the economic situation was incorrectly calculated and the cars thrown onto the market were not in demand. There is a question about the sale of the company. Mercedes-Benz hastened to announce its purchase, but this was prevented by small shareholders, employees of the company, and its sales agents.
By restructuring the capital structure, BMW manages to continue its activities. The third time the firm starts all over again.
1956 - designer Albrecht Graf Hertz, who lives in New York, creates a sensational car - a handsome sportsman. "BMW even beat the Italians." - so wrote the newspapers in 1956, when this car was introduced. The BMW 507 was offered both as a roadster and with a hardtop. 3.2-liter eight-cylinder aluminum engine with 150 hp. accelerated the car to 220 km per hour. In total, 252 such cars were sold from 1956 to 1959. Today it is one of the rarest and most expensive collectible cars.
1959 - With the help of the new BMW 700 air-cooled model, the group managed to overcome the internal crisis and create the basis for the further success of the brand as a whole. Success was achieved not only in the field of sales. The coupe version made it possible for BMW to achieve sports victories.
In 1962 the concept of the 1500-lightweight model. compact. sports. four-door car - was accepted on the market with such enthusiasm. that the production capacity did not allow to meet the demand for these cars.
In 1966, the 1600-2 two-door car was first introduced. It formed the basis for a successful series of turbocharged models from 1502 to 2002. The success of the "new class" contributed to the development of the entire model range. The BMW concern was able to afford to revive the tradition of the 30s and start producing six-cylinder models. In 1968, the premiere of the 2500 and 2800 models took place, which allowed BMW to enter the number of enterprises again. producing large sedans. Thus. The 60s were the most successful years in the entire previous history of the enterprise.
In 1969 BMW moves motorcycle production to Berlin. The production of a new series of motorcycles - "opposites" begins. In 1976, a full-length fairing was installed on the R100 RS for the first time. In 1983, one of the most popular motorcycle models is produced - K100 with a 4-cylinder in-line engine with liquid cooling and fuel injection. In the year of the centenary of the motorcycle, in 1985, the plant in Berlin produces more than 37 thousand motorcycles. In 1989, the K 1 motorcycle is presented.
In the 1970s, the first cars of the famous BMW series appear - models of the 3rd series, 5th series, 6th series, 7th series. With the release of the 5 Series, the production of a fundamentally new generation of BMW models began. If earlier the concern mainly occupied the niche of sports cars, now it has taken its place in the segment of comfortable sedans. Coupe 3.0 CSL. which has won six European championships since 1973. allows BMW to achieve special success. This coupe hid a lot of technical innovations. It was the first to feature a six-cylinder BMW engine with four valves per cylinder. and its braking system was equipped with ABS - a complete novelty for those times.
In 1977 a new breakthrough in the luxury class. With the advent of the 7 Series, a fundamental update of all BMW series has ended.
Since 1986, the BMW M3 has been the most successful road racing car in the world. The compact two-door model was developed in parallel for both series production and motorsport. The result was simply triumphant for BMW. In 1987, the Italian Roberto Raviglia won first place in the world championship in road racing. And for the next five years, the BMW M3 dominated the sports scene.
In 1987, a new roadster, originally conceived as just an experimental model, continued the tradition of BMW roadsters of the 30s and 50s. The BMW Z1 was built in 8,000 copies and became the bearer of cutting-edge technology. The aerodynamics of this car was also exemplary. In 1987, the BMW Group was one of the first in the world to use an electronic engine power control system.
In 1990, a new dream coupe: the BMW 850i. The heart of this elegant luxury coupe was a twelve-cylinder engine that could literally shoot the car forward at any speed. The completely new integral rear axle combines sporting qualities with supreme comfort in a completely unique way.
In the year of German reunification, the concern, having founded BMW Rolls-Royce GmbH, returned to its roots in the field of aircraft engine building, and in 1991 introduced the new BR-700 aircraft engine. In the early 1990s, the third-generation 3 Series compact sports cars and the 8 Series Coupé hit the market.
A good step for the company was the purchase in 1994 for DM 2.3 billion of the industrial group Rover Group (“Rover Group”), and with it the UK's largest complex for the production of cars of the Rover, Land Rover and MG brands. With the purchase of this company, the list of BMW cars was replenished with the missing midget cars and SUVs.
Since 1995, an airbag for the front passenger and an anti-theft engine blocking system have been included as standard on all BMW vehicles. In March of the same year, the station wagon (touring) of the 3rd series is launched into production. The new car was distinguished not only by modern design, but also by the most advanced technology. For example, for the first time in the automotive industry, the undercarriage was almost entirely made of aluminum.
Also 1995 is the debut of the new BMW 5 Series. The main principle in its development is the creation of a harmonious concept. The new car featured not only a modern design, but also the most advanced technology: for the first time in the automotive industry, the chassis was almost entirely made of aluminum. The use of new materials has increased the degree of recycling of the car up to 85 percent. The exceptionally rigid body provides an unsurpassed level of passive safety.
In 1996, the BMW Z3 7 Series was equipped with a diesel engine for the first time. A unique synthesis of dynamism and classic design is simply a delightful concept. Additional advertising for the car is created by the film "Golden Eye", in which super agent 007 James Bond drives around on the Z3. The BMW Z3 has become a bestseller. The new plant in Spartanburg cannot keep up with all the orders.
In 1997, a motorcycle that cannot leave anyone indifferent, the Model R 1200 C, represents a completely new interpretation of the road bike. Sensational design that combines traditional and futuristic elements. It received the largest BMW boxer engine ever built. Its working volume is 1170 cm3. and the developed power is 61 hp. In the same year, BMW presents another dream car. This is the M Roadster, which, like no other, is the true embodiment of a thoroughbred open sports car.
In 1997, BMW introduced a dream car that made connoisseurs' hearts jump. The M Roadster embodies the ideal of a purebred sports car like no other BMW has ever seen before. Its 321 hp M3 engine guarantees an exciting ride.
In the spring of 1998, the fifth generation of the successful 3 Series sedans debuted. Redesigned in many ways, the new 3 Series not only offers exceptional looks, but also the most advanced engines, the latest suspension technology and best-in-class safety standards.
The beginning of 1999 marked the debut of the BMW X5, which became the world's first Sports Activity Vehicle: a vehicle that uniquely combines elegance and practicality, thus opening up a new dimension of mobility.
And one more first place: The BMW Z8, the great sports car, celebrated its premiere in 1999 and delighted James Bond fans in The World Is Not Enough.
In 1999, BMW also surprised automotive enthusiasts at the Frankfurt Motor Show with the futuristic Z9 gran turismo concept.
Today, BMW, which began as a small aircraft engine plant, manufactures its products at five factories in Germany and twenty-two subsidiaries scattered around the world. This is one of the few automotive companies that does not use robots in factories. All assembly on the conveyor goes only manually. At the output - only computer diagnostics of the main parameters of the car.
Capitalized. Stylish, safe, powerful, comfortable and bright. The list of adjectives can go on and on. But among them will not be cheap and simple. BMW has many factories, even more branches where cars are assembled. Is there a BMW not of German assembly? After all, the latest models are assembled even in Russia. Let's take a closer look at this issue. Be sure to remember the history of the company, how it all began, the lineup, features and, of course, the place of assembly.
The main power of "BMW"
All major production facilities are located in Germany at BMW. The country of origin of a famous brand car, of course, is also Germany. But only if they are made in factories in Munich, Regensburg, Dingolfing or Leipzig. Indeed, today BMWs are also assembled in India, Thailand, China, Egypt, the USA, the Republic of South Africa and Russia. In total, there are 22 non-German BMW enterprises.
The default build quality is determined by the main manufacturing country - Germany. What is being done to preserve the originality of the assembly?
1. Cars in BMW subsidiaries are made from ready-made components supplied directly from German factories.
2. Constant quality control of the assembly of cars, the quality of the qualifications of service personnel from the center.
3. Regular advanced training of branch employees.
A small digression into the history of the BMW brand
The beginning was laid in the early 20s of the last century. 1913 is considered the year of foundation, and in 1917 the company's activity was recorded - aircraft engines. Yes, yes, BMW originally had a slightly different profile than today. The war has left its mark. But after the end of hostilities, the production of aircraft engines was prohibited.
In order to somehow survive, the company's management decided to produce motorcycles. Since 1923, BMW has been manufacturing light motorcycles. There was a moment when motorcycles were also banned, and the factories were interrupted by orders for bicycles and tools. However, the hard times are still coming to an end. Since 1948, BMW has continued to produce motorcycles, and since 1951, the first post-war car, the BMW 501, has been released.
Since the late 50s, the BMW company, whose manufacturing country is Germany, has been entering the production of sports cars. By actively participating in races, BMW products win prizes, thereby increasing its fame. In 1975, the development of the 3rd BMW family, the E21, begins.
How to understand BMW models
For almost 100 years of development of the company, a huge number of cars have been developed and produced. BMW has 9 so-called families alone. Among them are the most popular and numerous:
- 3rd series;
- 5th series;
- 7th series;
- X-series.
In each family, cars are divided into bodies. For example, in the 3rd series, the first model in 1975 was the E21. And only in 1982 it was replaced by the E30 body. To make it even clearer, consider the E21 model with the designation 320i. Here 3 is the family or series number; 20 is the engine displacement of 2.0 liters, and the letter "i" denotes a fuel injected engine. 320 has only a carburetor engine, most often from Solex.
The stylistic features of models can most often be distinguished only by professionals, therefore, in order to fully identify a BMW car, it is recommended to look at the documents. Vin auto gives all the necessary information on the model, engine, and also gives access to the component parts in the original catalogs. What "BMW", what country of origin - the answers to these and other questions can be found in the documents and under the hood of the car.
Separate representatives are machines of the Z and M series. These families have their own special numbering and identification, due to their special productions. The Technik division develops prototypes, and the letter "M" marks the products of the Motorsport division. There is also the American company BMW and two luxury coupe models L7 and L6 released by it. Outwardly, they can be confused with the 7th suite in the 23rd body. However, these are 6-series models, with a large number of additional options released specifically for the US domestic market.
The most famous and popular BMW
The most famous BMW car, the country of origin of which is real Germany, can be considered the Z8. This car was produced less than 5 years, had the classic look of the 507 roadster of yesteryear, but at the same time modern stuffing. The Z8 gained its incredible popularity for being in the movie "The World Is Not Enough". For the movie, the car was further developed and turned into a real spy car.
The most popular "BMW", according to reviews, is the model of the 3rd series in the 46th body. These cars were sold the maximum number. The third family of the company in 2014 was the best-selling. Almost 477 thousand buyers have opted for the 3 series.
Latest news from BMW
The company of the famous German car manufacturer BMW continues to develop new masterpieces for its fans and connoisseurs. Among the novelties of recent years, the 740LE should be noted - a car with a hybrid engine and all-wheel drive. In the combined cycle, such a car should consume no more than 2.5 liters of fuel per 100 km.
For the Russians, the BMW X1 of the Russian assembly became available. The car is presented in 3 fixed configurations. As options, a choice of either a diesel power unit of 150 “horses” or a gasoline engine of 192 “horses” with a volume of 2.0 liters is presented.
Among the 7-ok, 760Li is especially noticeable. This "BMW", the country of origin of which is only Germany so far, is distinguished by a very powerful engine of 609 hp. With. with a volume of 6.6 liters. The maximum speed of the car is hardware limited to 250 km / h, but it is possible to accelerate to the first 100 in only 3.7 seconds.
The X family has a real leader - this is the top model X4 M40i. The gasoline unit of the new car has 360 "horses" and 3 liters of volume. Intelligent all-wheel drive ensures the distribution of the load along the axles. In case of slippage, the front axle is connected to the main rear axle. An 8-speed automatic transmission and electronic self-adjusting dampers make the new X4 the most enjoyable driving experience.
Famous BMW X5
The BMW X5 is extremely popular in Russia. It comes with a whole bunch of nice features:
- Four-wheel drive.
- Stylish and solid design model.
- Impressive features.
- Reliability and quality from "BMW", the country of origin of which was originally Germany.
The last update of the model, which took place in 2013 (F15), turned out with larger body dimensions and more environmentally friendly engines. There are 2 petrol and 2 diesel power units. A more powerful gasoline engine has a volume of 4.4 liters and a power of 450 hp. s., while the smaller one is 3.0 liters and 306 liters. With. Turbocharged diesel engines are made in volumes of 3 and 2 liters with more modest 258 and 218 “horses”, respectively. All variations of the X5 F15 are equipped with an 8-speed automatic transmission.
Popular today "BMW X5" (manufacturer - Germany or Russia) sells well in the secondary car market.
"BMW X6"
Immediately after the X5, BMW released the next variant of the all-wheel drive crossover of the X-car family. And already at the end of 2014, a modified version was published under the index F16. Initially, the car did not take root in Russian circles. The reason for this could be a positive perception of the previous model. Well, the Russians liked the X5. But gradually, car sales began to grow, and the X6 confidently began to gain momentum. What attracts the attention of this sample from BMW?
The appearance of the car has aggressive and sporty notes. Power units with each model are increasingly being finalized in order to increase power and reduce fuel consumption. The suspension of the car is multi-link with electronically controlled shock absorbers. There are several modes for optimal handling on any road surface. Among the innovations inside the cabin, a projection screen can be noted. In general, the BMW X6, whose country of origin is real Germany, is still valued more than the same car, but of Russian assembly.
"Mini Cooper" from "BMW"
The Mini Cooper is one of BMW's not-so-standard solutions. Released in 2002 from the assembly line, he became the second birth of the once legendary British car. Everything that is done by BMW is high quality, reliable and powerful. This mini-car was no exception.
Several options for gasoline and diesel power units accelerate the car over 200 km / h. "Baby" is surprisingly frisky and powerful. For example, a 1.6-liter gasoline engine has a power of 184 hp. With. Good traction creates a slightly stiff suspension. Fuel consumption also leaves much to be desired. In general, the car has a special charm and, of course, finds its fans. After all, this is the second birth of the legend - "Mini Cooper". The manufacturer is the country in which BMW feels at home, not always Germany.
Features of the Russian assembly
As for the Russian assembly of BMW, the Kaliningrad enterprise "Avtotor" is engaged in it. Almost the entire X-family is assembled here: X1, X3, X5 and X6. "BMW" Russian assembly is no different from the original. After all, the assembly is carried out on German equipment, according to German standards and under control. But the main thing is that the cars are assembled from ready-made units.
Today to the questions: “Who produces BMW? What is the country of origin? - it is impossible to give a definite answer. BMW has 27 factories around the world. The quality of production is everywhere at the highest level. At the same time, there are no automated assembly lines in the factories. This step is always done manually by experts.
Conclusion
The history of the BMW company shows that with due efforts and the desire to achieve new results, it gives its “fruits”. Several times this company was on the verge of bankruptcy, but each time it flourished again. Today BMW is one of the most famous and successful car manufacturers in the world. Only Toyota, apart from her, can boast of such a fact as a constant annual increase in profits.
The country of origin of BMW cars was originally Germany. At the same time, the quality and reliability of cars produced by subsidiaries remain at the same high level.
BMW - how much is contained in these three letters. There is not a single person in the world who does not know that this is one of the best German car companies. Cars of this brand excite the minds of teenagers, adult men and even women. It all started back in 1913, when two young people created two firms for the production of engines for aircraft. Soon they will merge into one enterprise, which is proudly called the "Bavarian Motor Works". Since that time, BMW cars are called Bavarian, and some official dealers receive the prefix "Bavaria" in the title. The official year of foundation of the company is 1917. In five years, the company will be almost 100 years old. A whole century of unique and diverse cars, various innovations and a mass of fans around the world. Here is the main achievement of BMW. After the end of the First World War, the company is on the verge of bankruptcy and decides to focus on the production of motorcycles and engines for them. Note that BMW still produces the most modern two-wheeled vehicles that are sold in countries such as North Ossetia, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Finland, South Ossetia, Abkhazia , Armenia, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Georgia, USA, Canada, Mexico, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Brazil, Europe (European Union (EU)), Bulgaria, UK, Spain, Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland, France, Croatia, Czech Republic, Montenegro , Austria, Switzerland, Australia, Israel, India, Thailand, Singapore, Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines, Iran, China, Japan, Tunisia, Egypt, Libya.
The German company develops a variety of motorcycle engines and motorcycles themselves, while thinking about the production of cars. In 1928, BMW buys a license to manufacture its first car. He gets the name Dixi. The novelty immediately begins to conquer Europe, and the Bavarians are slowly increasing their popularity around the world. In those years, BMW distinguished the sporty character of their creations. As you can see, these features can be traced in the company's cars so far.
In the 30s of the last century, the first BMW 328 was produced, which will become one of the most successful in history. The main difference between "treshki" in its aggressive nature. The 3-series car wins a number of awards and honorary titles, which only underlines the correctness of the chosen BMW line.
After the Second World War and the collapse of Germany, the company begins to experience not the most rosy times. BMW again decides to focus on the production of aircraft engines. However, the Germans are still thirsty for innovation and create a mixture of motorcycle and car. The three-wheeled “miracle” (and there is no other way to call it) is gaining success in the homeland, but just a few months later, people begin to be interested in other cars and BMW is approaching the verge of bankruptcy. The question arises about the sale of the company, and the main competitor of Mercedes is even trying to buy out the Bavarian company. BMW carry out a capital restructuring and begins to continue its production. In fact, this is the beginning of the formation of a company that has won the hearts of motorists around the world. It should be noted that today this allows Bavarians to successfully sell their cars for such world currencies as the Russian ruble, US dollar, Australian dollar, Belarusian ruble, British pound, Kazakhstani tenge, Canadian dollar, Chinese yuan, Ukrainian hryvnia, New Zealand dollar , Swiss frank.
Naturally, many banks in the world are happy to cooperate with the reputable German brand. Among them we can highlight the banks of Belarus, Banks of Russia (VTB Bank, Sberbank, Alfa Bank), Banks of Europe, Banks of Ukraine, Banks of the USA, Banks of Switzerland.
The German concern is gradually opening new factories around the world, producing the first car with a turbocharged engine, and also creating an anti-lock braking system, known as ABS. All of the above achievements by leaps and bounds bring BMW closer to the world automotive leaders. In the 70s of the last century, the still popular models of the 3rd, 5th, 7th and 6th series were created, without which it is impossible to imagine the German brand today.
Meanwhile, other automakers do not stand still: VAZ, UAZ, Renault, Audi, Toyota, Kia, BMW, Nissan, Ford, Chevrolet, Volkswagen, Mercedes.
BMW cars are increasingly mentioned in various media in Russia and the CIS, foreign media, among which are: The Guardian, The Financial Times, The New York Times, Forbes.
The company does not forget about the production of motorcycles, which are also gradually gaining their popularity, as well as Yachts, Cars, Phones, Dogs, Diamonds, online games, real estate.
In 1994, BMW buys the British industrial group Rover, which owns the Rover, Land Rover and MG brands. This acquisition allows the company to increase its share of the SUV and compact car market. Four years later, the Germans get the British premium brand Rolls Royce.
The number of cars produced is constantly growing. Today, BMW is a very prestigious brand, so employees of embassies, consulates, travel and insurance companies often travel in cars of a German company. In addition, cars attract the attention of such personalities from the world of show business as Alla Pugacheva, Anastasia Volochkova, Ani Lorak, Kristina Orbakaite, Ksenia Sobchak, Philip Kirkorov, Nikolai Baskov.
Beha when will it be? Yes, it will be right now, don't worry Greetings to all lovers of turbojet thrust and turboshaft BMWs. Everything is ready for me, I even made a bifurcated exhaust, and in today's video we will see what the turbo starter from the MIG-23 aircraft is capable of, installed instead of the standard ICE in this luxury car, the ICE is thrown out, but now the turboshaft engine is now this jet engine was presented to me by subscribers. For which many thanks to all. I brought it to working condition. Hooked all the pumps, oily, fuel, made the exhaust. I hung it on a regular gearbox through an adapter plate and a transition mechanism. And now we are ready to start. A special vacuum pump has been installed, which maintains a vacuum in the vacuum amplifier. Accordingly, now, the brakes in this car will be, and will be completely normal. So this is our fuel pump, this is our starter. Well, we'll all try Something is hardly ignited Stop! In short, so far. Something went wrong, (Second attempt) It started up like Refueling kerosene I think 50 liters will be enough, drive Well, we refueled What are we doing? Let's start! Never mind you beast! You can hear the sound that the monster is close! tin! The oil is all burnt out, no longer smokes. And then you could track it. What's like? Fine? Skidded no? Yes? Can be once again. May we all go upstairs Upstairs? we are in the car and you... Huh? We're in our own car, right? No, it's all here Ah, it's all here? Yes. Let's go! Is it driving normally? Great! Let's go ahead. We must try to grind. Well, let me go out, right? Yes, yes, can you do it again? One wheel was only grinding. Is that smoking? This rubber smokes Yes? Yes. Come on one more time. Let it air out here (second gear) Normal car, driving (dynamics in garages) We are on the third, the knee is shaking Now you're up to the end, right? That's it, we're cutting it down. Thank you for taking us. In short, the guys everything worked in the normal mode, we drove, I don't know how many minutes ten, maybe even more. We polished with rubber, we started up to 50 or up to 60 and accelerated even once. Well, you need to go to a longer track and try there. The dynamics are not bad, well, there is nowhere to catch on, here is a dirt road. Therefore, we need to start in another place. Well, here we are. It remains to charge this baby with fuel and oil And you can start Eating it, of course, this whole thing is just on some cosmic scale Well, what should the guys do, all the same, the gas turbine engine is also a turboshaft engine, it is also a turbo starter, this is actually oil Well, here you already know what Here's the kerosene! Since the past rides in garages, its amount has decreased significantly. Therefore, we fill it up to a full tank, so A little bit here Oh! It's all right now, guys. (kerosene) What, you want to try it too? Well, of course, the operator must also be charged. Yes, wait, wait, where, that's enough! give it back here. You look (do not repeat :)) All the guys jokes are over now we will start. Find out the maximum speed The key to start Noted So. Well give in guys I'm afraid that I'll have to switch to the fifth. And the fifth is knocked out by 87 km / h, the maximum speed in 4th gear did not switch to fifth. Something broke! It’s necessary to look. In short, it’s not gaining a hundred, guys, I don’t know what to do, the fifth one doesn’t stick, so we’ll try to drift, so to speak, give a corner on the behe, yes, guys, it happened, we’re flooding again, the operator said to burn the tires. Now we’ll do it. We just need to refuel. Well, damn you with your tires, it's tough, but I almost died there. Well, almost already, yes? Almost Let's continue Come on It's all rubber, guys By the way, asphalt doesn't deteriorate! See the asphalt is normal, the same as it was. The sun is shining. I barely survived there, to be honest, I was already leaning out the window, trying to breathe, well, there’s nothing to breathe at all. Listen, you won’t wash off her later. Or is she clean? Or is she clean? Yes, she is clean, she does not even smear. We need to finish this business. Let's start again! I hope there will be less smoke, although ... who am I kidding? Ha ha ha! Eat! Well, what happened, didn't it? Certainly! Guys, I hope you enjoy this show. At least once in my life it was necessary to do this. I have not done this yet for sure. I thought the disk of the khan too. So she rattled all over. But the disc survived. Well, in general, on this, as you can see, we already have all the spare wheels. Who was interested, subscribe to the channel, support with a like Thank you all for your attention and bye to everyone! (on the channel)
BMW company(Bayerischе Motor Werke AG) appeared in 1913 on the outskirts of Munich, as a result of the merger of two mini-companies founded by Karl Rapp and Gustav Otto. The second is the son of the famous inventor of the ICE (internal combustion engine), Nikolaus August Otto.
At the beginning of World War I, BMW received many orders for the production of aircraft engines, after which the founders decide to reunite into one aircraft engine company. After that, an aircraft engine plant appeared in Munich, registered in 1917 under the name - Bayerische Motoren Werke ("Bavarian Motor Works"), that is, in the abbreviation - BMW. A little later, this date was called the date of birth of the BMW company, and Carla and Gustava were called its founders.
Today there is quite a lot of controversy regarding the date of the founding of BMW, automotive historians are constantly arguing about this and cannot come to a consensus. All due to the fact that the official registration of the company is dated July 20, 1917, but long before this date, organizations successfully existed in the same city that also produced engines for aircraft engines. So, in order to find out the true origin of the "roots" of the Bavarian BMW brand, you need to teleport to the last century. The involvement of the current BMW in production was first noticed on December 3, 1886, in the city of Eisenach, where from 1928 to 1939. was the headquarters of the company.
Wartburg
The name for the first car called "Wartburg" was one of the local attractions, the car saw the world in 1898. The appearance was driven by a range of 3 as well as 4 wheel concepts. The first Wartburgs were a car with a 3.5-horsepower 0.5-liter engine, the body was primitive without the slightest hint of front or rear suspension. This primitive car served as an impetus for the creation of a more advanced model, which appeared a year after the first Wartburg. The successor could accelerate to an incredible 60 km / h at that time, and already in 1902 the Wartburg was born, equipped with a 3.1-liter engine and a 5-speed transmission, which turned out to be enough to win the car competitions in Frankfurt.
Max Fritz, who previously worked at the Daimler plant, became the chief designer of the Bayerische Motoren Werke. Under Fritz, the BMW IIIa aircraft engine was born, which successfully passed bench tests in 1917. After the test, the aircraft aggregated with this engine set a world record by climbing to a height of 9760 m.
It was this event that became the impetus for the appearance of the BMW emblem - a circle divided by two blue and two white sectors, personifying a spinning propeller that spins uncontrollably against the sky.
After the First World War, the BMW company was on the verge of collapse, according to the Versailles Treaty, the production of engines for aircraft was forbidden to the Germans, and the engines, as you understand, were the only type of product that BMW produced. However, the enterprising Karl Rapp and Gustav Otto were smart enough to get out of this situation, and they decide to convert the plant to the production of motorcycle engines first, and after a while the motorcycles themselves. So in 1923 the first BMW R32 motorcycle rolled off the assembly line, which in the same year won public recognition and a reputation as a reliable and fast motorcycle at the Paris Motor Show. Over time, this sympathy was confirmed by absolute speed records in motorcycle races held in the 20s and 30s.
The beginning of the 20s was marked by a new era for BMW, two influential businessmen appeared in its history - Shapiro and Gotaera, who later became its owners, pulling it out of the crisis and getting rid of debts. The main reason why the company was going through difficult times was the lack of its own automotive production. A way out was found by Shapiro, who had connections with influential English car manufacturers in essence - Herbert Austin. Shapiiro agreed on joint cooperation and mass production of "Austin" at the plant in Eisenach. Serial production in those days was a rather rare phenomenon, only Daimler-Benz could afford it.
The first "hundred" thoroughbred "Austins", which enjoyed incredible popularity in Britain, were "right-hand drive", which was a rather outlandish phenomenon for the Germans. A little later, the car was tailored to "local" preferences and produced under the name "Dixie", which by 1928 rolled off the assembly line about 15,000. In 1925, Shapiro became seriously interested in the production of his own cars, which would be built according to an individual design, after which he began to negotiate with the designer-designer - Wunibald Kamm. The negotiations were successful and the designer accepted the invitation to participate in the development of a new car, thus inscribing his name in the history of a world-famous company. For several years in a row, Kamm has been developing units and new powertrains for BMW.
The premiere of the first thoroughbred "BMW" took place on April 1, 1932, which, after several years of existence, won public recognition. The model itself has become - the result of experience gained while working with "Dixie", as well as the embodiment of their own ideas and developments. Under the hood of the new car is a 20-horsepower engine capable of accelerating the car up to 80 km/h. The role of the transmission was performed by a mechanical "four-step", which was not equipped with any model until 1934.
Before the outbreak of World War II, BMW became one of the fastest growing companies in the world specializing in the production of sports equipment. Among the records of the company: the record of Wolfgang von Gronau, who traveled across the North Atlantic from east to west in an open Dornier Wal seaplane equipped with a BMW engine, as well as the record of Ernst Henne, who set a world speed record for motorcycles on a R12 motorcycle with cardan drive equal - 279.5 km / h. The last record was broken only 14 years later, before that no one had been able to achieve such results.
In 1933, the production of the 303 model starts - which became the first BMW car with 6 cylinders, its debut took place at the auto show in Berlin, and became a real sensation. An in-line six-cylinder engine with a volume of 1.2 liters allowed the car to reach a speed of 90 km / h. Subsequently, it formed the basis of many BMW sports projects. In addition, the unit was installed for the first time on the new "303" model, which for the first time was equipped with a branded radiator grille in the form of two oblong ovals. bmw-303- was designed at the factory in Eisenach and was distinguished by: a tubular frame, excellent handling, independent front suspension, and remarkable dynamics.
The result of the two-year production of the BMW 303 was 2300 cars, after which new cars appeared, which already featured more powerful engines with different designations - "309" and "315". From these models, the logical system for designating BMW models actually went. For example, the number "3" is the series, and 09 is the engine size (0.9). By the way, the system is still in use today.
The most striking and remarkable models of that time were "BMW-319" and "BMW-329", which were more sporty than just everyday, their "maximum speed" was about - 130 km / h.
In 1936, the BMW 326 is shown to the public, it looks simply gorgeous, and the public immediately falls in love with this novelty. The premiere of the model took place at the Berlin Motor Show, the design could hardly be called sporty, it was rather made in the style of that time and taking into account all the trends in the auto world. A chic interior, an open top, a lot of innovations and improvements made this car an object of desire, after which it could already boldly compete with Mercedes-Benz models.
The BMW-326 model had a weight of 1125 kg, while it had a maximum speed of 115 km / h. and consumed a hundred km. path of 12.5 liters of fuel, thanks to these characteristics and its attractive appearance, the car has become one of the company's bestsellers. The BMW 326 was taken out of production in 1941, with a production volume of almost 16,000 at that time, which made the BMW 326 the best pre-war model.
1936 was for BMW the year of the appearance of the famous "BMW-328" - which became one of the most successful sports cars of the company. After the appearance of the "326" BMW's ideology was defined, the concept: "Auto for the driver" is still relevant today. As for the main competitor, Mercedes-Benz, it pursues a goal called: "Auto for passengers." Each of the companies is true to its ideologies and has been rigorously following them for several hundred years.
Over the years of its existence, the BMW 328 has become a multiple winner of various rallies and circuit races, surpassing its competitors in all respects. Under the hood of the car was a six-cylinder engine capable of accelerating to 150 km / h.
With the outbreak of the war, the production of cars was suspended, and aircraft engines again became priorities. The Second World War was a turning point for most German automakers, and BMW was no exception. The Milbertshofen plant was completely bombed by the liberators, and the enterprise, which was located in Eisenach, now belonged to the Russians. Part of the equipment was confiscated by Russia as repatriations, the rest of the equipment was used for the production of BMW-321 and bmw-340, followed by shipment to the USSR.
The factories in Munich remained almost untouched, around which BMW shareholders concentrated their main forces, with the support of the German National Bank, which helped the company bring the sports BMW-328 back to life. From 1948 to 1953, BMW produced new sports cars based on it.
In 1951, the First Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, Konrad Adenauer, was shown the newly minted BMW "State Sedan", which was based on the 501 platform.
BMW was going through hard times, but despite this, in 1951 it demonstrates a prototype of a new car - the BMW-501. The main differences of the model were: drum brakes, a large four-door body (sedan) and a new power unit with a capacity of 65 "horses" with a volume of 1.97 liters. The car was perceived in two ways, the surprise was caused by the financial inability of the company to ensure the serial production of the BMW-501 model, but despite this, in 1952, 49 copies left the assembly line. Two years later, the number reached 3410 units, the buyers were mostly true fans of the BMW brand.
After some time, BMW began to think more and more about the lack of engines, weak, low-torque engines contributed to a decrease in interest in cars. The designers begin the development of a new eight-cylinder engine, the first samples of which appeared in 1954. The engine had a volume of 2.6 liters, its power was 95 hp, after which in the 60s it was increased to 100 hp.
With the advent of the new eight-cylinder engine, the appearance of the BMW-501 changed: chrome moldings appeared on the body, which added some chic and elegance to it. In addition, the new engine allowed the "501" to accelerate to 160 km / h, of course, and fuel consumption increased significantly, which could not but worry the designers, as well as the BMW management.
