The operation of all electrical components in vehicles depends on the condition of the electrical wiring and current sources. Owners of domestic commercial vehicles will especially benefit from the ability to read and understand the Gazelle electrical circuit, given the age and condition of many of these vehicles.
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Symptoms
Signs of problems with the electrics of Gazelle cars are failures of various systems, for example, heating systems or alarms. If checking and replacing the fuses that protect this section of the circuit does not help, then the problem lies directly in the wiring. A wiring fault is also indicated by the repeated burnout of the installed new fuse-link.
Typical "symptoms":
- The engine does not start. If the starter does not work and the lamps on the dashboard glow dimly, then the cause is a discharged battery. If the lamps are lit normally, but the starter does not work, then the cause of the problem should be sought in the wiring. When the starter is running and there are no flashes in the cylinders, damage to the electrical circuits of the ignition system may be the cause. You can fix the problem by charging the battery or replacing damaged cells.
- A burning on-board battery charging lamp with a stable engine running indicates problems in the alternator electrical circuit or a broken drive belt. Gazelle cars have a voltmeter that measures the voltage in the on-board network. The operation of the generator can be judged by the readings of this device. If such problems arise, it will be necessary to replace the belt or overhaul the generator with the replacement of burned-out elements.
- The appearance of a burning smell indicates overheating of the wiring elements, which may occur due to damaged insulation. In this situation, it is necessary to check the condition of the fuses and ring all sections of the circuit with a tester to determine the location of the circuit. For repairs, you will need to replace the damaged sections of the chain and lay them in such a way as to prevent repeated grinding.
- Short circuits in the circuit are indicated by unstable operation of lighting devices. If the lamps are too bright or rhythmic pulsation, the cause must be sought in a failed voltage regulator installed on the generator. The replacement of the regulator is carried out on the removed generator. In parallel, you can check the condition of the brushes and the collector.
- Non-working sections of the circuit. This is possible due to oxidation and decay of contacts or wires. In the event of a complete failure of the power supply system, check the condition of the battery and the terminals on it. When the contacts on the battery are oxidized, they cannot transmit high current. At the same time, backlight elements, a radio tape recorder, and wipers can work. But when you try to start all the lights go out. You can fix the problem by stripping and tightening the contacts.
Wiring diagram of a Gazelle with a carburetor
Below is a typical electrical circuit of cars produced from 1995 to 2003 with carburetor engines of models ZMZ 402, ZMZ 421 and ZMZ 406. Depending on the model of the car (GAZ 3302, 33021, 2705, etc.) there may be differences in electrical circuits.
Electrical diagram of machines with carburetor engines ZMZ 402 and UMZ 421
Location of nodes and wiring on the Gazelle wiring diagram:
- B1 - electronic sensor for measuring oil pressure in the engine.
- B2 is an auxiliary sensor that indicates an excessively low pressure in the lubrication system. Works in conjunction with a light signaling device installed on the instrument cluster (H7).
- B5 - indication of the drop in the fluid level in the reservoir of the hydraulic brake drive. When the level drops below the critical one, the lamp on the instrument cluster (H56) turns on, which is also a signaling device for a tightened hand brake.
- B7 is a thermal sensor that monitors the temperature of the liquid in the cooling system.
- B8 - sensor for turning on the engine overheating indicator. Turns on the H8 lamp installed on the instrument cluster.
- B12 - a device for measuring the level of fuel in the tank.
- B68 - sensor-distributor.
- D4 - control of the economizer of the idling system.
- E1 and E2 - headlights on the left and right sides of the body. The headlights include front position lamps (indicated in the diagram as H62 and H63) and main beam lamps (H64 and H65). The lamps have filaments of far (H64-1 and H65-1) and dipped (H-64-2 and H65-2) light, fed by separate circuits.
- E7 and E8 - head direction indicators mounted next to the headlights (left and right sides of the car).
- E9 and E10 - additional repeaters mounted on the front fenders.
- E16 - lighting system for the interior of the driver's cab and passengers.
- E17 - illumination of the internal volume of the cargo compartment (used on a flatbed truck and van).
- E27 and E28 - combined lamps on the rear of the frame or body, including brake lamps (H74 and H75), direction indicator (H78 and H79), side light (H76 and H77), fog lamp (H70 and H71) and reverse gear engaged indicator (H72 and H73).
- E30 and E64 - two rear registration plate lights.
- E35 - engine compartment lamp.
- E59 - cigarette lighter in the cab.
- E65 - backlight system for the second row of passenger seats (only used on cars with a double passenger cabin). On buses, several ceiling lights are connected to this circuit.
- F1, F2, F3 and F4 - candles installed in the cylinders.
- F41, F42 and F43 are three fuse and relay mounting blocks.
- G1 is a generator mounted on the engine.
- G2 is the battery.
- H1 - klaxon.
- H6 - buzzer in the instrument panel.
- H16 - direction indicator signaling devices located on the instrument cluster. In addition, there is a warning signal of an emergency fuel balance (indicated in the diagram H19), indicators of the high beam on (H20) and dimensions (H59).
- H66-H69 - four small bulbs for illuminating the instrument cluster.
- K1 - starter activation relay.
- K3 - relay for selecting the operating mode of the glass cleaner motor.
- K12 - turn signal interrupter.
- K13 - limit switch signal lamp activated parking brake.
- K16 - switch.
- M1 - engine start motor (starter).
- M2 - heater fan drive electric motor.
- M4 - the electric motor for the drive of the glass cleaner brushes.
- M5 - windshield washer fluid pump drive.
- M20 - an additional electric pump for an expanded heating system (used on passenger-and-freight vehicles and buses). Works in conjunction with the switch, indicated on the diagram as S65.
- M38 and M39 - electric headlight angle correctors.
- P1 - A combination of instruments consisting of a speedometer (in diagram P2), a tachometer (position P3), an on-board network voltmeter (in diagram P5), a liquid temperature indicator in the cooling system (position P6), an indicator of pressure parameters in the lubrication system (in diagram P7) and an indicator of the amount of fuel in the tank (position P8).
- R1 ... R4 - noise suppression resistors in high-voltage wires.
- R12 - resistance for adjusting the speed of the heater fan motor.
- S1 - ignition activation (in the lock).
- S3 - switch for an additional dome light for an additional row of seats (for vehicles with a double cab).
- S5 - turn signal alarm switch.
- S6 - switch of resistance levels, designed to adjust the speed of rotation of the heater fan.
- S9 - turn signal stalk switch.
- S12 - stalk for switching the operating modes of the glass cleaning system.
- S13 - remote disconnection of the battery from the on-board network.
- S18 is a switch for the fog light filaments installed in the rear lights.
- S29 - reverse lamp limit switch.
- S30 - limit switch for brake warning lamps.
- S36 - signaling device.
- S39 - head switch for outdoor lighting modes.
- S52 - turn off the parking brake lamp.
- S72 - control of the economizer operating modes.
- U1 - tape recorder or radio.
- T1 - ignition coil.
- V2 is a transistor switch for the operating modes of the ignition system.
- X1 - socket for turning on the plug of a portable lamp.
- Y3 is a solenoid valve on the carburetor.
Wiring diagram of a Gazelle with an injector
After the restyling in 2003, there were changes in the electrical circuit of the Gazelle, associated with the use of new control and management devices, as well as the expansion of the range of power plants. Below is a diagram of a machine with a ZMZ 405 injection engine. The wiring of machines can have variant designs (depending on engines, year of manufacture and body).
Scheme Gazelle with a motor ZMZ 405 (Euro 2 compliance)
- B1 - data meter for the oil pressure gauge.
- B2 - electronic sensor for switching on the emergency low oil pressure alarm.
- B5 - measuring mechanism for the fluid level in the brake drive reservoir.
- B7 - a measuring device for the temperature of the liquid in the cooling system. It works in conjunction with a signal lamp, which is switched on by a separate control sensor (in diagram B8).
- B12 - fuel level measurement. On some machines (for example, GAZ 33027), it is possible to use a second tank in which a second sensor is installed (indicated in the diagram as B13).
- B46 - speed sensor.
- B57 - an optional sensor used to turn on the electromagnetic clutch of the fan drive (used on some machines with carburetor engines ZMZ 402 or UMZ 421). The signal from the sensor goes to a separate controller, indicated in the diagram by the code D28.
- D7 - an optional anti-lock braking system control module in the brake drive (almost never found on older cars).
- D21 is a switch block for controlling the temperature and flow directions of the heating system.
- D27 - rheostat for adjusting the degree of incandescence of the combination backlight lamps.
- E1 and E2 - head headlights. The headlights include dimensions (shown as H62 and H63 in the diagram), low beam (lamps H98 and H99) and high beam (lamps H100 and H101). In restyled headlights, turn signals are integrated into the headlight unit (lamps H102 and 103).
- E9 and E10 - additional side turn signals.
- E16 - lighting panel for driver and passenger seats.
- E18 and E19 - additional ceiling lights (only used on vans). Three ceiling lamps are used on buses - one on the starboard side (E20) and two on the left side (E60 and 61). The lighting is controlled by switches marked S62 and S63.
- E27 and E28 - rear combination lights. The lamps include dimensions (shown as H76 and H77 in the diagram), fog lights (position H70 and H71), reverse (lamps H72 and H73), braking lamps (in the diagram H74 and H75) and turns (lamps H78 and H79).
- E30 and E64 - number plate lighting system.
- E35 - a lamp for lighting the engine compartment.
- E59 - cigarette lighter.
- E63 - an additional lampshade for lighting the steps of the sliding door (on vans and buses).
- E65 - auxiliary ceiling for illuminating the second row of seats (used only for passenger-and-freight versions).
- E71 - box illumination system on the instrument panel.
- F1-F4 - ignition system (candles).
- F41 - underhood fuse box.
- F42 and F43 - two blocks of fuses and relays in the instrument panel.
- G1 and G2 are the main current sources (generator and battery, respectively).
- H1 and H2 are horns of two tones (low and high).
- K1 - start the starter.
- KZ - glass cleaning control unit.
- K7 - horn relay.
- K12 - turn signal control.
- K13 - trailer switch of the "handbrake" signaling device.
- K16 - remote battery deactivator (only applies to buses). The device is controlled using the S13 button.
- K40 - headlight control.
- M1 - starter.
- M2, M4 and M8 - motors for the heater fan, wiper and washer pump.
- M8 - electric pump of the additional heater circuit (only for buses and utility vehicles with a double-row cab). It is installed together with a second radiator and a fan on it, which is driven by the M20 engine.
- M38 and M39 - electric block headlight tilt correctors. They are controlled by the S116 regulator.
- M43 - electric drive of the main heater tap.
- P2 - electronic instrument cluster.
- R12 and R13 are resistances for switching the fan speeds of the main and additional heaters.
- S1 - activation of the starting system and electronic devices.
- S3 - switch for an additional dome light of the second row (only the passenger-and-freight version).
- S5 - alarm.
- S6 - control of the pump and engine of the heating system.
- S9 - switch for turn signals and headlights.
- S12 - selection of wiper operating modes.
- S29 - reverse lamp limit switch.
- S30 - brake pedal switch.
- S39 - light switch.
- S52 - parking brake lever limit switch.
- S54 - signaling system test.
- S60 - glove box illumination limit switch.
- S62 and S63 - control of the ceiling lamps for lighting the passenger compartment of the bus.
- S73 - auxiliary heater fan speed switch (bus and passenger-and-freight Gazelle).
- U - radio.
On carburetor machines with ZMZ 402 and UMZ 421 engines, there are additional chains:
- R1-R4 - a system of noise suppression resistors of candles;
- D4 - carburetor economizer control system;
- B68 - sensor of the ignition pulse distribution system;
- S72 - economizer system control;
- T1 - standard ignition coil;
- V1 - charging voltage level regulator;
- V2 - switch based on a transistor circuit;
- YZ - economizer valve on the carburetor;
- Y48 - electromagnetic fan drive clutch (on parts of machines).
After the next restyling in 2010, the Gazelle with the trade designation Business went into the series. The electrical circuit for the base GAZ 3302-216 with the UMZ 4216 engine (Euro 3) consists of separate harnesses, the wiring of which is given below.
Wires and blocks of ECM Gazelle Business
- The solenoid valve of the gasoline vapor recovery system.
- Throttle sensor.
- Engine temperature gauge.
- Fan drive clutch.
- Idle speed control module.
- Generator.
- Signaling device for reducing oil pressure below the emergency mark.
- common ignition coil.
- Candles.
- Air pressure and temperature gauge at the filter inlet.
- Camshaft position sensor.
- Crankshaft position sensor.
- Lambda probe harness connector.
- Lambda probe.
- Roughness sensor on the road.
- Detonation combustion sensor.
- Injector harness connector.
- injection nozzles.
The repair of the clutch engagement circuit is shown in the video from the Garage AvtoKhlam channel.
The wiring for the front of the cab is attached to the ECM harness at the connectors.
front harness
- Farah.
- Starter.
- Battery.
- Relay and fuse mounting block.
- Generator.
- Farah.
- Glass cleaner drive system.
- Windshield wiper harness.
- Engine compartment lighting.
- Klaxon low tone.
- Washer pump.
- Block of the first plait of the ABS system.
- Brake fluid level gauge.
- Block of the second plait of the ABS system.
- Starter control.
- High tone klaxon.
- Heater pipe valve.
- Crane drive wiring harness block.
- Rear heater pump (on buses and passenger-and-freight versions).
- ECM harness block.
- Likewise.
- Likewise.
- Connecting the wiring harness to the rear of the car.
- Likewise.
- Dashboard harness block.
- Likewise.
- Engine control connector.
A separate wiring harness is used for the instrument panel.
Wiring of the instrument panel Gazelle Business, part 1
There is a separate harness for cars with ABS.
Rear wiring harness
- Connection connector.
- Likewise.
- Taking fuel from the tank.
- Rear light wiring connection on the right side.
- Similarly for the left side.
- Lantern on the right.
- Lantern on the left.
- Sign illumination.
In the case of installing a Cummins diesel engine on a Gazelle, the harnesses of the engine compartment and cab are somewhat changed. Instead of spark plugs, glow plugs are installed, which simplify starting the engine at low temperatures. In addition, there are additional circuits for accelerator pedals and an additional auxiliary heater.
Here are the wiring diagrams for GAZ 3110 1996-2004 onwards External distinguishing features were new fenders, roof shape, hood, aprons, radiator grille. Only the doors remained the same. At first, GAZ 3110 cars were equipped with narrow black bumpers, and since 2000 they have been replaced by new modern bumpers, which began to be painted in body color. They gave the car a more impressive look due to the additional volume. A distinctive feature was the trunk lid, which opened from the bumper itself in order to facilitate the loading of things into the luggage compartment. In 2001, cars began to be painted and primed according to a new system, which made it possible to increase the life of the body. There was also a special version of the GAZ 3110 for taxi services, which had a special coloring, preparation for a taximeter and interior trim made of easy-to-wash materials.
Scheme of the ignition system on the Volga 3110
1 - control unit M 1.5.4 engine 9 - diagnostic connector
2 - phase sensor 10 - relay of the engine management system
3 - speed and timing sensor 11 - fuel pump relay
4 - air throttle position sensor 12 - idle speed controller
5 - knock sensor 13 - nozzle
6 - mass air flow sensor 14 - ignition coil
7 - coolant temperature sensor 15 - spark plug
8 - air temperature sensor in the intake pipe
Wiring diagram of GAZ-3110 equipment with ZMZ-4062 engine
1 - direction indicator 46 - instrument cluster
2 - headlight 47 - speedometer
3 - fog lamp 48 - tachometer
4 - sound signal 49 - voltmeter
5 - side repeater 50 - control lamp of the battery discharge
6 - ignition switch 51 - instrument illumination lamp
7 - fuse box in the engine compartment 52 - right turn indicator lamp
8 - generator 53 - control lamp of the left turn
9 - socket 54 - parking brake warning lamp
10 - engine compartment lamp 55 - seat heating control lamp
11 - storage battery 56 - side light warning lamp
12 - sensor for turning on the electric fan 57 - high beam warning lamp
13 - electric fan 58 - control lamp for falling brake fluid level
14 - horn relay 59 - control lamp KMSUD
15 - left fuse box 60 - coolant temperature gauge
16 - horn switch 61 - fuel gauge
17 - brake fluid level drop sensor 62 - fuel reserve warning lamp
18 - relay for switching on headlights 63 - control lamp for overheating of the coolant
19 - starter 64 - oil pressure gauge
20 - starter relay 65 - warning lamp for emergency oil pressure drop
21 - central light switch 66 - backup control lamp
22 - brake light switch 67 - front door light switch
23 - reverse light switch 68 - dome light
24 - wiper switch 69 - rear door light switch
25 - windshield washer pump 70 - parking brake indicator light switch
26 - wiper motor 71 - parking brake indicator switch
27 - wiper relay 72 - luggage compartment light
28 - electric fan relay 73 - rear window heating element
29 - radio receiver 74 - washer jet heating switch
30 - antenna motor 75 - seat heating relay
31 - antenna switch 76 - seat heating switch
32 - glove box lighting lamp 77 - seat heating elements
33 - glove box light switch 78 - coolant overheat warning lamp sensor
34 - fog lamp relay 79 - coolant temperature indicator sensor
35 - fog lamp switch 80 - emergency oil pressure drop warning lamp sensor
36 - rear fog light switch 81 - oil pressure indicator sensor
37 - rear window heating relay 82 - fuel pump
38 - rear window heating switch 83 - fuel gauge sensor
39 - heater fan switch 84 - switch for the diagnostic system of control lamps of the instrument cluster
40 - cigarette lighter 85 - windshield washer jets with electric heating
41 - right fuse box 86 - taillight on the wing
42 - speedometer sensor 87 - rear light on the trunk lid
43 - alarm switch 88 - additional brake signal
44 - relay-interrupter of direction indicators 89 - license plate light
45 - turn signal switch 90 - heater fan motor
The difference between the ZMZ-402 engine and the ZMZ-4062 engine is the ignition system
Although there is still time before winter, you should worry about the electrical components of your Gazelle in advance.
Indeed, with the onset of cold weather, and night frosts are already in early autumn, it is difficult to start a cold engine, and your working day depends on the technical condition of the wiring to the Gazelle 402.
Judge for yourself:
- either you almost empty battery, still start the car and leave for work, but the next morning the story repeats itself;
- or on a tie go to the nearest auto repair shop, where you will hear from a full-time electrician the cost of work and spare parts that you have to pay to restore the car to working capacity.
Note! It's not your "old" battery that's to blame - it all depends on the state of the Gazelle 402 wiring and the electronic components of the ignition system.
Technical aspects of winter operation
The most obvious and urgent question after a cold night under the open sky is starting the engine. In this regard, the Gazelle car, even with its archaic ZMZ-402 engine, will give odds to more modern vehicles with electronic systems even at -30 ° C.
But provided that:
- candles adjusted and correct;
- high voltage wires do not have cracks;
- ignition system and carburetor properly adjusted;
- in cylinders 402 normal compression;
- fully charged battery.
The video above just shows the option of starting a car unprepared for winter. By the way, also not immune from such cases. But how to make the start easier and more gentle for the car and will be discussed further.
Air-fuel mixture
The first thing to remember is that the air-fuel mixture prepared by the carburetor on a cold engine is characterized by low volatility. In fact, gasoline in the combustion chamber behaves like a liquid, and not like a vapor of gasoline and air, thereby making it difficult to ignite. 
After the engine has been running for a while, then:
- gasoline, getting into the carburetor, will heat up due to the heat of the working internal combustion engine;
- a highly flammable air-fuel mixture enters the combustion chamber;
- the engine will run steadily.
Tip: Since car owners are not able to change the quality of gasoline, it is necessary to solve this problem on a car. Namely - to properly adjust the operation of the elements of the ignition system.
How to do this, and how it works, is described in detail in our other publications.
Fuel ignition
In order to ignite "cold gasoline" in the cylinder, you need not just a spark on the electrodes of the candle, but a powerful electric discharge. Regular ignition system on the 402nd Gazelle it is quite capable of providing such parameters, since this is provided for by design. 
The ignition system on the ZMZ 402 engine consists of:
- switch;
- ignition coils;
- distributor;
- candles;
- high voltage wires.
It is on their technical condition that the operation of the engine in the conditions of the cold season will depend.
Consumables
The most important point for the owner of a GAZelle is to accustom yourself to treating electrical components as consumables. The Russian mentality "it's worth it - don't touch it" in this case is completely unjustified. 
What to look out for
Below is a Gazelle wiring diagram - the 402 engine of which was borrowed from the Volga along with all the structural elements, and you should not forget about this. The fragment highlighted in red is the area of close attention. 
Check them out if you find any issues:
- cracks on the body of the cover of the distributor;
- glow around high-voltage wires in the dark;
- unstable operation of the battery charging relay (the battery “boils” or is constantly discharged);
Before the cold weather hits, go to an auto parts store and get new replacement parts. And the proposed wiring diagram for the Gazelle 402 engine will help you deal with their search and replacement.
Important: the cost of parts will not exceed the cost of filling a full tank. And if you also change them with your own hands, then only on light engine starts in cold weather you will save a lot of money and time, as well as extend the life of engine components and assemblies.
Summary
As you can see, the cold season, even before the snow falls, can cause a lot of difficulties for the owners of Gazelles. But they can be easily avoided if you know what to do and how to do it. Believe me, your expenses and time will pay off with interest, so go to your car and prepare it for winter in advance. Good luck on the road!
Very often, Gazelle owners, when replacing power units from carburetor versions to injection ones, are faced with the need to replace the electrical wiring in the car, since there are serious differences in the electrical circuit.
However, a complete replacement is not always justified, since the repair does not affect other electrical devices other than the ignition and fuel injection system.
Accordingly, when planning to replace the engine with a Gazelle, the owners prefer a more modern injection engine, for example ZMZ-4061 or ZMZ-4063.
As a rule, Gazelle cars produced before 2001 and having carburetor versions of power units require major repairs.
Then the 402 motor was often installed, and the Gazelle wiring diagram for the 406 motor, which appeared in the production program of the automobile plant in 1998, had its own design features that were not compatible with different types of engines.
The power unit that has exhausted its resource is subjected to replacement, often giving preference to more modern versions.
Structurally, everything fits into the factory seats, and the differences, for example, from the location of the equipment:
- Another form of connecting blocks;
- Another scheme for connecting devices;
- Another voltage.
Supply system
Leaving the carburetor in the past, the replacement of the power unit inevitably entails the replacement of the power system:
- A new gas tank is installed, since the injector must dump excess fuel back, and the old tank design is not suitable for this;
- The fuel line is being replaced (the return line is being laid + the supply connection is being modified);
- The operation of the injectors is controlled by connecting wiring.
Cooling system
The new injection engine ZMZ-406 is more demanding on the cooling system, therefore, during the installation of a new power unit:
- An electric fan is installed on the cooling radiator;
- The engine compartment wiring harness is being replaced.
Fuel injection control system
Do not forget that the injection engine power system is controlled by an electronic unit, which also needs to be connected to the car's standard electrical network. Accordingly, the electrical wiring on the Gazelle 406 is different than on older versions of the car with 402 series engines, and must be replaced.
Wiring replacement
Tip: replacing functional control devices on the panel due to new connectors is not justified.
Therefore, when integrating new wiring, only the wiring diagram in the connecting terminals changes, and for alignment, you should use the wiring diagram of the new power unit.
Changing everything to 406 is certainly not impractical.
The fact is that on newer versions of Gazelles, the scheme for connecting certain devices also changed:
- Gazelle 406 wiring is integrated into the standard electrical system in the engine compartment;
- electronic components and control devices are connected using terminals;
- checked with testers voltage and correct connection.
After assembling the wiring into a single unit, its performance is checked. In the future, the operation of the power unit is adjusted.
Conclusions: Replacing the power unit inevitably affects the change in the standard electrical wiring of the car. That is why it is important to have a visual aid at hand when carrying out such an operation, and the factory one will allow you to avoid mistakes.
This knowledge will help, if necessary, to repair the wiring and find the fault. Despite the fact that domestically produced cars are not equipped with as many instruments and devices as imported cars, their schemes are also quite complex. What is the GAZ-3110 electrical circuit, what malfunctions are typical for it and what you need to know about prevention - read in this article.
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Wiring diagram
Features of electrical equipment
Includes the following subsystems:
- engine start system;
- ignition, which includes a distributor, candles, coil, etc.;
- external lighting of the car, including fog optics, light signaling and turn signals;
- dashboard;
- interior lighting, as well as all devices installed in it;
- heating system - stove;
- glass cleaning unit;
- headlight adjustment device;
- engine control system on the microprocessor;
- mounting block of safety devices.
Photo gallery "Schemes for connecting subsystems"
Possible wiring faults
What malfunctions in the operation of the GAZ 31105 wiring with a Chrysler, GAZ 31029 or any other model engine can occur:
- Lack of contact. Such a malfunction may be associated with a break in the wiring, oxidation of the outputs, or their burning. If the contact is oxidized, then it must be cleaned, if the wire is broken, then it must be restored, if the cause lies in burning, then first you need to eliminate the overvoltage problem. It is possible that the connector just came out of the socket, this often happens with poor fixation of the plug and constant driving on rough roads.
- Battery discharge. This problem most often occurs in the cold season - in the cold, batteries are most susceptible to discharge. If this happened in the warm season, then you need to check the battery charge, the level and density of the electrolyte, as well as the case for damage.
- Chain break. The failure of such a plan is diagnosed by searching for the damaged area manually or using a tester. The break must be eliminated by replacing the wire, and the replaced wire should also be wrapped with electrical tape - this will create an additional layer of insulation. When laying the wires, make sure that they are not exposed to moving mechanisms, otherwise this will lead to another insulation breakdown and breakage.
- Burnt out safety element. This problem is most relevant for machines in the on-board network of which there are power surges. If the voltage surges are noticeable, then the fuse simply cannot withstand the load, which will lead to its failure.
Wiring Prevention
What you need to know about power grid prevention:
- Do not use homemade coin fuses, pieces of wire, etc. Such a problem can lead to a short circuit, in more severe cases it can cause a fire.
- Remember that a car battery needs periodic maintenance. At least once a year, you need to recharge the battery, you should also diagnose the density of the working fluid in the banks and its level. If you notice that there is not enough electrolyte in the banks, then you need to replenish its level.
- If you install an anti-theft system, a DVR and other devices yourself, then make sure that the wire connection is of high quality and reliable.
- If problems are found in the operation of electrical equipment, they must be resolved as soon as possible. Contact an electrician if necessary.
