What causes inflammation of the cervical canal. Manifestation and treatment of inflammation of the cervical canal

20.01.2022

Under the cervical canal understand that part of the uterus, which is located between the vagina and the uterine cavity and connects them. Inflammation of the canal mucosa is called endocervicitis. Most often this disease affects women of working age.

Causes of inflammation of the cervical canal

The causes of endocervitis are infectious and non-infectious. The first include infection with microorganisms such as gonococci, E. coli, trichomonas, candida, ureaplasma, staphylococcus, herpes and papillomaviruses. Non-infectious causes of inflammation can be trauma, neoplasms, radiation, cervical erosion, cervical prolapse. However, they are quite rare.

Most often, the disease begins with an inflammatory process in the vagina, which then passes to the cervix. Often it is accompanied by colpitis.

But not all women necessarily get endocervitis. There are several factors that are provoking in the development of the disease. These include:

· Deformation of the cervix after abortion, probing of the uterus, insertion of an intrauterine device, trauma during childbirth, diagnostic curettage;

Local or general decrease in immunity after inflammation of the genital organs;

The onset of normal menstruation;

Normally, in the lumen of the cervical canal, there is almost always a mucous plug that protects the uterine cavity from the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms from the vagina. With various medical manipulations, the cork is destroyed, its physical and chemical composition changes, as a result of which the infection can freely enter the uterus through the cervical canal, thereby causing endocervicitis, and then endometritis.

The infection can also enter the cervical canal with menstrual blood. That is why it is during this period that it is especially necessary to remember the rules of personal hygiene.

Symptoms of inflammation of the cervical canal

What are the symptoms of endocervicitis? From the first days in the genital area there is a burning sensation, itching, pain in the lower abdomen of a pulling nature, discomfort during sexual intercourse, discharge is plentiful or in a small amount. If treatment is not started in a timely manner, then the acute period turns into a chronic course.

Complaints, of course, will no longer be, but this does not mean that the woman has recovered. It's just that the disease went into a latent period, and the female body adapted to the infection. If it is not treated, then the inflammation will spread to neighboring organs and complications may arise in the future.

In some cases, endocervicitis is asymptomatic and does not affect the health of a woman, however, the presence of inflammation in the cervical canal can lead to pathological changes in the cervix and serve as a basis for the development of cervical erosion, and then its dysplasia. When the canal becomes inflamed, the composition of the cervical mucus changes, which may subsequently be one of the reasons.

Diagnostics

In order to prevent and diagnose the disease, a woman should visit a gynecologist at least once a year. If you have any complaints, you also need to visit a doctor to identify the nature of the disease and its treatment. The diagnosis is made in the complex, after questioning and examination of the patient.

Typically, women conduct the following studies:

Inspection with the help of gynecological mirrors - in the presence of inflammation, redness and swelling are observed in the area of the cervical canal, purulent discharge;

Smear microscopy - during its implementation, the intensity of inflammation is determined by the number of leukocytes and the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the canal;

Bacteriological examination of smears, revealing the causative agent of the disease;

Colposcopy - it visually shows signs of inflammation through the use of a special device - a colposcope, with special illumination and optical magnification;

Cytological examination of a smear after colposcopy - in this case, epithelial cells are examined.

Only after a thorough examination and identification of the strain of the pathogen, the doctor makes a diagnosis and prescribes individual treatment. It will depend on the cause of the disease and the duration of its course.

Depending on the condition of the woman, she is prescribed appropriate drug therapy, which can be supplemented with immunostimulating therapy to maintain immunity. After treatment, antifungal therapy is carried out, the restoration of the vaginal microflora. After recovery, to confirm the result, the woman is recommended to re-take tests after a while.

Endocervitis can be avoided if you follow simple and effective rules: be confident in your sexual partner or always use condoms, observe intimate hygiene and undergo an annual preventive examination with a doctor with mandatory testing. All this will help a woman to be always confident in her health!

Expert editor: Mochalov Pavel Alexandrovich| MD therapist

Education: Moscow Medical Institute. I. M. Sechenov, specialty - "Medicine" in 1991, in 1993 "Occupational diseases", in 1996 "Therapy".

Causes of inflammation of the cervical canal

The causes of endocervitis are infectious and non-infectious. The first include infection with microorganisms such as streptococci, gonococci, E. coli, chlamydia, trichomonas, candida, ureaplasma, staphylococci, herpes viruses and papillomaviruses. Non-infectious causes of inflammation can be trauma, neoplasms, radiation, cervical erosion, cervical prolapse. However, they are quite rare.

Most often, the disease begins with an inflammatory process in the vagina, which then passes to the cervix. Often it is accompanied by colpitis.

But not all women necessarily get endocervitis. There are several factors that are provoking in the development of the disease. These include:

· Deformation of the cervix after abortion, probing of the uterus, insertion of an intrauterine device, trauma during childbirth, diagnostic curettage;

Local or general decrease in immunity after inflammation of the genital organs;

The onset of normal menstruation;

Frequent stress.

The infection can also enter the cervical canal with menstrual blood. That is why it is during this period that it is especially necessary to remember the rules of personal hygiene.

Symptoms of inflammation of the cervical canal

In some cases, endocervicitis is asymptomatic and does not affect the health of a woman, however, the presence of inflammation in the cervical canal can lead to pathological changes in the cervix and serve as a basis for the development of cervical erosion, and then its dysplasia. With inflammation of the channel, a change in the composition of the cervical mucus occurs, which subsequently may be one of the causes of infertility.

Diagnostics

Typically, women conduct the following studies:

Inspection with the help of gynecological mirrors - in the presence of inflammation, redness and swelling are observed in the area of the cervical canal, purulent discharge;

Smear microscopy - during its implementation, the intensity of inflammation is determined by the number of leukocytes and the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the canal;

Bacteriological examination of smears, revealing the causative agent of the disease;

Colposcopy - it visually shows signs of inflammation through the use of a special device - a colposcope, with special illumination and optical magnification;

Cytological examination of a smear after colposcopy - in this case, epithelial cells are examined.

The cervical canal of the cervix is a formation that is located in the thickness of the cervix and it performs many functions, the main of which is the connection between the external and internal genital organs. In a girl, it develops gradually, and reaches normal sizes closer to puberty. Normally, the anatomy of the internal female genital organs is located as follows: the vagina passes into the cervix, which begins with the external uterine os, then the cervical canal of the cervix begins, which ends with the internal uterine os and passes into the uterine cavity. This anatomy allows you to regulate the process of opening the cervix in the first stage of labor. Thanks to the uterine os, the cervical canal begins to open from the internal uterine os, and then, like an hourglass, the external os opens. In the process of involution of the uterus in the postpartum period, the internal uterine os is closed first on the 5-7th day, and then on the 21st day the external os of the cervical canal is also closed.

Such anatomical features contribute to these physiological changes already in the postpartum period, while the external os does not close completely after the first birth, and this contributes to the fact that repeated births are faster.

As for the histological structure of the cervical canal of the cervix, it also has its own characteristics. The vagina, which is also called the exocervix, is lined with stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium, and the cervical canal, or endocervix, is built from a single-layer cylindrical epithelium. Normally, there is a small border between these zones, which is called the transition zone, and it is normally located at the level of the external pharynx. Such a structure must be known in order to further understand the concept of "dysplasia" and the real threat of such a condition.

When examining a woman in the mirrors, one can see the cervix, or rather its external pharynx, and knowing the anatomical features of this area and physiological changes, one can assume one or another dysfunction. It is also important for the woman herself to understand what this or that diagnosis implies, in comparison with normal values.

The cervical canal during pregnancy has its own characteristics, which is associated both with the influence of hormones and with the further preparation of the birth canal for the birth of the fetus. Normally, the length of the cervix is 35-45 millimeters, and the diameter of the canal is 5 millimeters, any deviations in one direction or another pose a risk of complications. The length of the cervical canal closer to the 32-35th week of pregnancy can decrease to 35 millimeters, and this is considered a physiological indicator, which is due to the preparation for childbirth. If the length of the cervix is less than 35 millimeters, and this is often 20-25, before the 30th week of pregnancy, then they talk about such a thing as isthmic-cervical insufficiency. This is a risk of premature birth, therefore, surgical treatment is carried out in the form of an obstetric suture - a pessary - which circularly fixes the cervical canal and prevents its premature opening. At 35-36 weeks, the suture is removed. Undiagnosed in time, this condition can lead to premature birth. If the length of the cervical canal during pregnancy and childbirth is more than 45 millimeters, then they talk about a long cervix, which also has its negative consequences. During pregnancy, the normal attachment of the placenta may be disturbed, since the anatomical structure of the uterine os is disturbed and the placenta may have a central, lateral or low attachment. During childbirth, a number of complications can also occur. One of the manifestations may be prolonged labor, which lasts more than 12-14 hours in primiparas and more than 9-12 hours in multiparous. This is due to the fact that the elongated cervix is not prepared before childbirth and slowly opens. The long and hard cervix does not smooth out, which leads to the unpreparedness of the birth canal. Therefore, contractions last a long time, lead to fatigue and exhaustion of a woman, and this condition can lead to secondary weakness of labor activity, which requires active tactics in the form of pregnancy stimulation.

There may also be obstacles to the normal passage of the child through the birth canal, since the elongated cervix is not dilated enough and the baby's head or presenting part may be in the same plane for a long time, which increases the risk of hypoxia and may require additional methods.

Another important feature of the cervical canal during pregnancy is its important protective function: during the normal functioning of the epithelium of the cervical canal, the glands secrete a huge amount of secretion, resulting in the formation of a mucous plug that prevents pathogens from entering the uterine cavity. Just before the birth, this mucous plug leaves.

Thus, it becomes clear that any violations of the anatomical structure of the cervical canal of the cervix can cause complications in the future, and therefore require timely diagnosis and treatment.

Diseases of the cervical canal

Cervical pathology can play a large role in the development of diseases, both during pregnancy and outside of pregnancy, even with possible infertility.

Conventionally, the pathology of the cervical canal can be divided into:

anomalies in the structure and structure of the cervical canal;
inflammatory diseases;
neoplasms of the cervical canal.

Anomalies in the structure and structure of the cervical canal can be either congenital or acquired. Congenital anomalies, as a rule, are accompanied by concomitant anomalies of other genital organs - the vagina, uterus. More often in women of reproductive age there are acquired anomalies in the structure of the cervical canal, which occurs as a result of adhesions, scars, deformities after various surgical interventions. Among such pathologies are the circular canal of the cervix, narrowing of the cervical canal and its obstruction.

Circular canal of the cervix- this is a pathology in which the channel has a funnel-shaped shape due to the incorrect arrangement of muscle fibers in the circular direction. This pathology can occur with ruptures of the internal genital organs due to childbirth and their surgical treatment - suturing, in the future this may be the cause of such a process with improper tissue healing. This pathology may not manifest itself in any way because of its insignificance, that is, all physiological processes in the uterus and ovaries do not suffer. Problems may arise during the next pregnancy, when there may be discoordination of labor due to improper contraction of the muscle fibers of the circular canal of the cervix, which prevents the normal opening of the cervix. Treatment of this pathology, as such, does not exist, since these are structural changes that cannot be corrected. Treatment may be symptomatic if complications occur.

Narrowing of the cervical canal- it is less than 5 millimeters in size. At the same time, a woman of reproductive age may already experience symptoms in the form of a menstrual cycle disorder of the type of oligomenorrhea, since the narrow cervical canal can prevent normal menstruation, which prolongs the period of menstruation with a small amount of discharge. As for pregnancy, this can be a direct threat to normal labor activity, in case of poor opening of the cervix and an indication for caesarean section. But there may be a sufficient hormonal background with good dynamics of the opening of the cervix and labor, then this condition is not dangerous. The extreme degree of narrowing of the cervical canal is its obstruction. Obstruction of the cervical canal of the cervix is a condition that already requires intervention, since there are complications. With this pathology, a mechanical barrier is formed, which in women of reproductive age can cause a delay in menstrual blood with its accumulation in the uterine cavity and the formation of an acute condition in gynecology - a hematometer. Then there is a clinic of acute pain in the abdomen, tension of the anterior abdominal wall, and the anamnesis data indicate a delay in menstruation for several weeks or several times in a row. On examination, you can determine the tension and soreness of the uterus. This is a condition that requires immediate surgical intervention.

Among the inflammatory diseases of the cervical canal of the cervix, endocervicitis is the most common - this is a pathology that is characterized by focal inflammation of the cervical canal. The etiological cause can be any pathogenic or opportunistic microorganism that enters the ascending route. At the same time, inflammation occurs in the cervical canal with local symptoms in the form of purulent discharge from the vagina, pain during intercourse and at rest, menstruation disorders. At the same time, in addition to local symptoms, general symptoms appear in the form of fever, intoxication, and changes in the blood test. Treatment should be complex - local and general. Local treatment is douching with antiseptics, antibiotic suppositories, genital hygiene. General treatment involves the systemic use of antibiotics for a course of 7-10 days, as well as symptomatic therapy. At the time of illness and treatment, it is necessary to exclude sexual relations and treat better than a partner at the same time, especially in the case of verification of a specific urogenital flora.

Neoplasms of the cervix can be benign and malignant. Among benign diseases, polyps of the cervical canal of the cervix are most common. This is a pathology that is characterized by the formation of a characteristic structure in the form of a cauliflower on a stalk or a wide base. This structure is visible to the naked eye. The cause of this formation is most often the human papillomavirus, which affects the epithelial cells of the genital organs due to high tropism. Polyposis of the cervical canal of the cervix is often multiple and is combined with another localization of polyps - in the cervix, vagina.

Among the benign formations of the cervical canal of the cervix, a cyst is also found. This is a thin-walled formation that has a thin capsule, liquid contents inside, and a tendency to grow. Since the cervical canal has a limited diameter, complications often arise in the form of cyst rupture or infection. Then it is also necessary to carry out complex treatment. The course of such a cyst with a small size may be asymptomatic, then it may just be an accidental finding on ultrasound. Sometimes the contents of the cyst can be menstrual blood, then they talk about an endometrioid cyst. The tactics of treatment can be operational in case of an accidental finding of such a formation.

Among the malignant tumors may be cancer of the cervical canal of the cervix. This pathology is not as common as cancer of other localization, but it is quite dangerous in terms of asymptomatic course. Therefore, often such cancer is diagnosed already at the stage of metastasis to other organs. In the first or second stage of the disease, the treatment is radical surgical with extirpation of the uterus and regional lymph nodes, as well as preoperative and postoperative radiation therapy. In the later stages, the treatment is combined.

These are the main diseases that can be localized in the cervical canal of the cervix.

Diagnostics of the pathology of the cervical canal of the cervix

Diagnosis of these pathologies should be comprehensive to exclude other conditions and correct treatment.

First of all, it is necessary to listen to complaints with full details of symptoms. It is also necessary to clarify the anamnestic data with the determination of the date of the last menstruation. Examination in the mirrors allows you to see only the external pharynx of the cervical canal, but if there are polyps in the vagina, then it can be assumed that there are polyposis of the cervical canal of the cervix. There may also be bloody discharge when a cyst of the cervical canal of the cervix ruptures or purulent discharge when it suppurates.

An important step in the vaginal examination of a woman in the mirrors is the taking of two types of smears - for bacterial flora and for histological examination. A smear from the cervical canal is taken screening from each woman with a special brush. The correct technology must be observed - a smear is taken from three zones of the cervix - endocervix, intermediate zone and cervical canal, that is, all three types of epithelium must be present. Further, all smears are sent to the laboratory for cytology and histology.

Operations on the cervical canal

Surgical interventions on the cervical canal are not carried out very often, since this is a very inaccessible place. More often, minimally invasive interventions are performed for certain indications. With anomalies in the structure of the cervical canal of the cervix, such as narrowing or obstruction of the cervical canal, a special procedure is performed - bougienage of the cervical canal. This is an intervention, which consists in expanding the channel with a special tool - bougie. This is most often a metal instrument, which is selected by number, which corresponds to the size of it, and start from the smallest to the widest. Often it is necessary to repeat the procedure several times, because once is not enough. Such intervention is effective at small degrees of narrowing.

Among the surgical methods for treating pathologies of the cervical canal of the cervix, in this case with canal polyps, cryodestruction, liquid nitrogen burning, and laser burning are used. Cryodestruction method is to use cold, which freezes the polyps and they fall off. This procedure is repeated 1-2 times a week until the polyp disappears completely. Cauterization with liquid nitrogen works on the same principle.

Laser therapy- this is the use of a laser beam with a scalpel-type mechanism of action.

Curettage of the cervical canal can be performed for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Diagnostic curettage of the cervical canal is performed if an ectopic pregnancy is suspected or if a foreign body is suspected. In this case, it is important to send all the obtained material for histological examination. Therapeutic curettage of the cervical canal is carried out in the postpartum period when complications appear or if an inflammatory focus in the uterus is suspected. This method of treatment can also be carried out with the ineffectiveness of more minimally invasive methods in the treatment of polyposis or with its multiple nature.

The cervical canal of the cervix is a formation that has important functions in the process of fertilization, childbearing and childbirth, as well as in the pathology of the female reproductive system. It is necessary to know some features of the anatomical structure of the cervical canal of the cervix for the timely diagnosis of pathology and the determination of the tactics of possible treatment.

Inflammation of the cervical canal can only be diagnosed by a specialist. Its manifestations are in many ways similar to other gynecological diseases. Yes, and the disease is treated only in a complex way, since it is usually accompanied by vulvovaginitis.

If a woman is healthy and has a healthy immune system, then after gynecological manipulations, inflammation of the cervical canal will not appear in her. In women in a normal state, there is a mucous plug in the cervical canal, which prevents the pathogenic flora from rising into the reproductive organs. The integrity of the cork is broken under the influence of certain drugs, during abortions, during curettage, during menstruation if personal hygiene is not followed.

If a woman notices that she feels pain during intercourse, after it bloody discharge appears, and periodically she sees mucous discharge resembling pus on linen or pads, then maybe she has an inflammation of the cervical canal.

Inflammation of the cervical canal - inflammation of the cylindrical epithelium, which is located at the entrance to the canal - is external and internal and rarely occurs alone in one part. The area of the uterus that connects the vagina and her body is called the cervical canal. Pathology of the epithelium from the outside - cervicitis, from the inside - endocervicitis. The disease occurs in women of childbearing age.

Symptoms of the disease may be mild and may not be noticed. But still, more often in the acute form of the disease, you can notice bloody discharge during physical effort and during intercourse, pain in the lower abdomen, purulent mucous discharge, and an unpleasant odor.

If the disease is not treated, then after the acute form it becomes chronic and subsides, manifesting itself with a general decrease in immunity, an outbreak of seasonal or infectious diseases, and hypothermia.

A woman with an inflammatory process in the cervical canal can be contagious, since this disease is rarely caused by traumatic injuries: medical manipulations or too violent sex. In most cases, its appearance is influenced by pathogenic flora: chlamydia, ureaplasma, gonococci, staphylococci, streptococci, candida, E. coli and others. Often, infections with sexually transmitted diseases lead to inflammation of the cervical canal.

After the disease is eliminated, drugs are prescribed to help restore the normal and natural flora.

Inflammation of the cervical canal is a disease that leads to the pathology of the cervix, which in the future very often triggers oncological processes in the body.

The gynecologist diagnoses the disease according to the clinical picture and according to the results of microbiological and bacteriological analysis, which is examined after taking a smear from the vagina and cervical canal.

Hyperemia of the cervix is reflected in the gynecological mirror, when manipulating the instruments, the woman experiences pain, and there may be a slight short-term hemorrhage.

The disease is treated with therapeutic and surgical methods. Surgical ones include cryotherapy, laser therapy, diathermocoagulation.

During cryotherapy, cervical erosion is cauterized with liquid nitrogen. The procedure is short-term and is performed on an outpatient basis, usually in the antenatal clinic in the treatment room. There is also an effect on the neck during diathermocoagulation, only the procedure is longer and after it you need to lie down a bit. The impact on the cervical canal with a laser is carried out in a hospital.

Therapeutic treatment is effective until cercivit has become chronic. All drugs are prescribed after identifying the pathogen and establishing the sensitivity of the body to them.

Treatment may consist of broad- and narrow-acting antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, or cytostatics. At the same time, immunostimulants and vitamins are drunk. Be sure to connect topical preparations - ointments and suppositories.

Inflammation of the cervical canal can cause pathology of the cervix and further gynecological diseases such as endometriosis, endometritis, cervical dysplasia. Dysplasia is a condition that often triggers oncological processes in the body. In addition, the pathogenic flora through the neck is introduced into neighboring organs: the uterus, ovaries and causes infertility.

Timely noticed inflammation of the cervical canal is treatable and does not leave pathological consequences. Therefore, if you notice the above symptoms in yourself, you should immediately consult a doctor. Self-medication of the disease is fraught with complications. Competent therapy is possible only if the causative agent of the disease is identified.

Content

Inflammatory processes of the genital organs are often diagnosed during an examination by a gynecologist. Usually, the onset of symptoms is due to infectious tissue damage and the gradual spread of inflammation due to the anatomical proximity of the organs of the reproductive system.

The favorite localization of the inflammatory process is the cervix. This part of the uterus performs the function of a kind of barrier, as it is a link between the vagina and the organ cavity.

The cervix is the object of close attention of the gynecologist. On examination, only the vaginal part, which has a pink color, is visible. The part of the cervix adjacent to the vagina is covered with flat multilayered cells, which give the epithelium a kind of smoothness.

To a greater extent, the protective function of the cervix is provided by the cervical canal. The cervical canal directly connects the sterile uterine cavity and the vagina, which contains a significant number of microorganisms. To prevent the pathogenic flora from penetrating the uterus, the glands of cylindrical single-layer cells of the cervical canal produce protective mucus.

However, in the presence of some adverse factors, the defense mechanism may weaken, provoking inflammation in the cervix. This inflammatory process can cover both part of the cervix and its entire surface.

If inflammation develops in the cervical canal, they talk about endocervicitis. As a rule, inflammation of the cervical canal has severe symptoms. Infectious agents enter the cervical canal, causing pathological changes in the epithelium. If a woman ignores the symptoms at this stage and does not receive treatment, the inflammation becomes chronic.

In the acute phase, symptoms of tissue hyperemia and its subsequent destruction occur. Most often, there is an active production of mucus, which causes the appearance of copious secretions. Their nature depends on the pathogen that caused the inflammation of the cervical canal.

Over time, the inflammatory process spreads to deeper layers, while signs of healing appear on the surface of the mucosa. This phenomenon does not speak of recovery, but testifies in favor of chronic inflammation of the cervical canal.

Reasons for development

The inflammatory process is caused by infection. Experts pay attention that the microflora can be divided into two large groups:

conditionally pathogenic microorganisms;
pathogenic flora.

Conditionally pathogenic or nonspecific microflora enters the cervical canal primarily from the vagina. It is possible for bacteria to penetrate along with the lymph flow, as well as with the blood flow from the urinary tract. Throwing infection from the rectum is not excluded. Conditionally pathogenic microflora can be represented by:

Candida mushrooms;
coli;
staphylococcus;
enterococcus;
proteus;
streptococcus.

Nonspecific flora is normal found on mucous membranes and skin. However, during inflammation, an active growth of opportunistic microorganisms is observed, which causes the appearance of characteristic symptoms.

Pathogenic or specific microflora is characterized by the following pathogens:

gonococcus;
chlamydia;
mycoplasma and ureaplasma with intensive growth;
Trichomonas.

When an infection enters, inflammation in the cervical canal does not always develop. The appearance of an inflammatory process is possible when the epithelium of the cervical canal and the body as a whole are exposed to unfavorable factors:

injuries of the cervix as a result of difficult childbirth, abortion, curettage and other surgical procedures;
decreased immunity;
early intimate life;
lack of a permanent sexual partner;
ignoring barrier methods of contraception;
frequent use of topical drugs, including spermicides;
age-related changes in the tissues of the cervical canal;
prolapse of the cervix.

The development of inflammation of the cervical canal may be due to a complex of negative factors. The effectiveness of treatment largely depends on the elimination of inflammation-provoking factors.

Symptoms

The appearance of symptoms is associated with the characteristics of inflammation. The prevalence of inflammation, the stage of the pathological process and the causative agent of the disease are essential.

Usually the inflammation begins acutely. Symptoms do not differ from manifestations of other inflammatory diseases. Symptoms of the acute phase of endocervicitis include:

abundant purulent or mucous discharge, which may differ in brown, yellow, green color, have an unpleasant odor and a different consistency;
discomfort, burning, dryness in the mucosal area;
discomfort during intimacy;
pain in the lower abdomen;
frequent urination when the infection spreads to the urethra and bladder.

If a woman ignores the symptoms, their severity decreases over time. This indicates the development of a chronic phase of inflammation of the cervical canal. In this case, there is a systematic exacerbation of symptoms, especially after menstruation and sexual intercourse.

Infection with certain infectious agents and subsequent inflammation may occur without symptoms. This is typical, for example, for chlamydial infection.

Diagnosis and treatment

Identification of the inflammatory process does not cause difficulties. The definition of cervicitis occurs during the examination by a gynecologist. The cervix is edematous, hyperemic. In the chronic phase, areas with erosion and cysts are observed. Pathological discharge also speaks of inflammation.

In order to accurately make an appropriate diagnosis, it is necessary to undergo an examination. In order to diagnose inflammation of the cervical canal, specialists prescribe:

general smear for flora;
bakposev;
determination of genital infections by PCR;
cytological examination;
simple, extended colposcopy;
biopsy;
blood and urine tests;
Ultrasound of the pelvic organs.

Treatment of endocervicitis has several main goals. First of all, it is necessary to eliminate the infectious factor and stop the inflammation. It is very important to eliminate the symptoms, as well as restore the damaged epithelium. To avoid the occurrence of relapses, it is necessary to conduct a complete examination and prescribe adequate therapy.

The purpose of treatment corresponds to the identified pathogen. For chlamydia, for example, antibiotics are prescribed. If a fungal infection is detected, it is advisable to prescribe antifungal therapy. Herpes and HPV require treatment with antiviral drugs. If the cause of changes in the cervical canal is an age factor, hormonal suppositories are used.

The main treatment is supplemented with agents that promote tissue healing and normalize the vaginal microflora. As part of complex therapy, traditional medicine and physiotherapy are also used.