A helical bevel gear with intersecting axes, in which the tops of the initial cones do not coincide, and the teeth are oblique or curved. It is used in driving wheel drives of cars and tractors, diesel locomotives, textile machines, etc. Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
A helical bevel gear with intersecting axes, in which the tops of the initial cones do not coincide, and the teeth are oblique or curved. It is used in driving wheel drives of cars and tractors, diesel locomotives, textile machines, etc. encyclopedic Dictionary
Helical gear transmission, carried out conic. wheels with crossed axles, and the axis of the small wheel is offset relative to the axis of the large wheel (see Fig.). The wheels of the G. p. can have helical and curved teeth. Gear ratio… … Big encyclopedic polytechnic dictionary
- (abbreviated from hyperboloid) a special type of helical gear, carried out by bevel wheels with crossed axles. In G. p. the axis of the small gear wheel (gear) is displaced relative to the axis of the large gear wheel. At… … Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- (abbreviated from hyperboloid adj. from the word hyperboloid) gear-screw transmission, a type of bevel gear in which the axis of the small wheel is offset relative to the axis of the large wheel; has a high load capacity and appl. V… …
hypoid gear- hypoid gearing A hyperboloid gear, the gears of which have conical initial and pitch surfaces. Code IFToMM: 1.3.48 Section: STRUCTURE OF MECHANISMS ... Theory of mechanisms and machines
hypoid gear- hypoid gear A hyperboloid gear train, the gears of which have conical initial and pitch surfaces. [GOST 16530 83] Gear transmission topics Generalizing terms types of gears and gears gears with ... ... Technical Translator's Handbook
Transfer (German: Hypoidgetreibe). those. A type of bevel gear in which the axis of the small wheel is offset from the axis of the large wheel. Explanatory Dictionary of Foreign Words by L. P. Krysin. M: Russian language, 1998 ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
A mechanism that serves to transfer and convert mechanical energy from a power machine to an actuator (organ) of one or more, usually with a change in the nature of movement (changes in direction, forces, moments and speeds) ... Wikipedia
gear- gear. gear. gear. gear engagement. gear pair. worm. worm-gear. hypoid transmission. globoid transmission. planetary gear. helical (# pinion). chevron (# wheel). gear cutting (# machine). tooth-shattering. ... ... Ideographic Dictionary of the Russian Language
Many motorists who have been operating a vehicle for many years do not particularly delve into its structure, features of use and maintenance. They hadn't even heard that it used a hypoid gear.
In order for the vehicle to be able to move on roads, it is not enough to have fuel in the gas tank and the desire of the driver. It is necessary to combine the interaction of the power unit, steering, other components and mechanisms. Among them are many that use hypoid gears.
A little about the device
This type of transmission is over 90 years old. During its development, the designers were tasked with reducing the center of mass in passenger cars.
After testing the device on cars, a number of advantages were revealed, after which it was decided to use it on trucks. Many people have a question about the name of this node. The word hypoid is taken from hyperboloid, which is how the device should be called.
Important! The gear teeth are made curvilinear, the movement is carried out along a geometric figure, which is called a hyperboloid.
Shaft axes must be shifted without fail. To determine the amount of displacement, a hypoid gear calculation is performed. It can be used in those nodes where the gear axes intersect. Otherwise, jamming of the assembly may occur.
A little about the advantages and disadvantages
The operation of such nodes showed a number of advantages:
- The noiseless operation of the transmission is due to the fact that not one, but several teeth are engaged.
- The strength of parts is increased. This is possible because the hypoid wheels intersect rather than intersect.
- The load on one tooth is significantly reduced, since several pieces are involved in the work at the same time.
- Increased stability and smoothness.
- Increased fatigue resistance against bevel gears.
However, there are some disadvantages in such designs:
- The high cost of the "hypoid" in comparison with the conical parts.
- The possibility of gear seizing cannot be ruled out.
- Improper operation and maintenance of the transmission leads to accelerated wear.
- Difficulties in making teeth.
The main hypoid gear, the scheme of which was considered, is used not only to drive the drive axle of a car or tractor, but also in railway transport on railcars and locomotives. It is also found in the drive of generators of passenger railway cars.
It is installed in metal-cutting machines, most often in automatic machines that cut teeth. The hypoid final drive in passenger vehicles has found its place not only due to increased strength and smoothness, but also due to the ability to position the car body low. This makes it possible to lower the center of gravity of the vehicle.
What else should you know
What is a hypoid gear in a car in general terms, we told. Let's dwell on some aspects of its proper operation. When driving a vehicle with a hypoid final drive, one should take into account the fact that the meshing pattern of the gear teeth is different when moving forward or backward. When moving forward, it will be in the middle of the tooth, and when reverse is engaged, the stain moves back to the edge of the tooth. In addition, with an increase in the load on the gears, the contact patch has the ability to shift.
This should be taken into account, especially when reversing. This is by design, as the vehicle is primarily moving forward. Owners of cars, especially SUVs, which have two drive axles and two main gears, should be aware. When driving in extreme road conditions, when there is a danger of getting stuck in a broken rut, you need to pull out the stuck car only in forward gear. In this case, an enlarged contact patch will work, which will avoid tooth breakage.
Usually, for all SUVs, the front axles are initially weaker than the rear ones. Experienced drivers recommend that owners of machines with hypoid gears follow a few rules when they get into difficult operating conditions:
- Use dynamic slings whenever possible.
- Do not park the car at a large angle to the one being pulled out.
- Use a cable arrester when pulling out.
What is hypoid oil? This question is of interest to consumers. Mixing substandard and used oils, with slight modification, may well be used in steering mechanisms and some types of transmission units.
When operating a car, it is very important what kind of oil is used for its gearbox.
A slight modification refers to the addition of a certain amount of additives to the oil product, which give the product high extreme pressure characteristics. Gear oils of this category are classified as GL-5 and are quite suitable for use in vehicle transmission units, where hypoid gears are used in drive axles. A similar product is widely used even for the lubrication of universal joints and helicopter gearboxes.
Characteristics of Hypoid Oil
Thanks to additives, the gear shifting process is softened.
Hypoid oil has certain characteristics.
Oils for hypoid mechanisms should contain about 3-4% sulfur, which, on the one hand, prevents the seizing of metals under significant loads, and on the other hand, contributes to the rapid oxidation of the same metal. To somehow equalize these processes, additives are widely used.
Thus, the special additive MOLYVAN L significantly increases the protective properties of the mixture under conditions of strong contact loads. Therefore, in lubricants for gearboxes (including hypoid ones) and motor lubricants, it is used as an anti-wear additive. Its concentration in gear lubricant can reach 5%. A similar category of oil products for gearboxes and steering is fully operational at temperatures up to -30º.
A significant stimulus for the development of oils used in transmission mechanisms has been the increasing prevalence of hypoid drive axles in modern passenger cars. For freight transport, this impetus was the spread of worm final drives, which became popular in heavy trucks and intercity buses. Both new items require the use of a special type of oil specifically for such mechanisms.
Since the middle of the last century abroad, they began to develop the direction of universal lubricants that can work in any vehicle. The standards of England and the USA for hypoid oils with a high content of chlorine, phosphorus and sulfur were taken as a basis. German lubricant manufacturers focused on bench testing of the product in order to obtain the most wear-resistant lubricants that do not contribute to corrosion. Recently, automakers have been less and less using hypoid drive axles, which require a multipurpose lubrication such as GL-6. With no demand, this type is gradually leaving the market.
New modifications of oils for high-speed hypoid gears of various types have been created. A complex sulfur- and phosphorus-containing additive VIR-1 has been created specifically for use in gear oils of various types. Bench tests have shown the suitability of this additive for lubricants operating under conditions of increased loads and speeds, including hypoid gears.
Vehicles with hypoid gears generally use an all-weather lubricant designed for temperate climates. Hypoid oils prevent abrasive wear of surfaces by using a lubricant with a viscosity grade of at least SAE 90. In terms of their characteristics, hypoid lubricants do not differ much from ordinary gear lubricants, the only exception is their viscosity.
The operating conditions of hypoid oil are quite different from the operating conditions of oils in the engine.
In the gearbox, the gear coupling of bevel, worm and hypoid gears is subjected to the main wear. A fairly significant temperature develops in a narrow area of contact of the gear teeth. The oil film covering the gear teeth is simultaneously subjected to extremely high pressures, high speeds and temperatures. To work in such conditions, the oil must preserve the surface of the parts from wear as much as possible and prevent the surfaces of the gear teeth from setting. Such "cold welding" can lead to catastrophic consequences.
In industrial vehicles, the transmission is used to transfer power from the engine to the wheels or another engine. The difference is only in the transmitted power. The units are divided into:
- mechanical;
- hydraulic.
The design of a manual transmission is quite traditional and differs little from the usual mechanisms. In cross-country vehicles, several drive axles are provided, using various units for power take-off. All of these units are hypoid oil.
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Oil classification according to application conditions
Gear oil is also divided according to the conditions of use into:
- summer;
- winter.
In Russia, it is customary to divide hypoid lubricants according to viscosity and performance properties.
According to viscosity characteristics, 4 groups are distinguished, and according to operating conditions - as many as 5 categories.
In hypoid gears, only category 5 gear oil TM-5 is suitable for operation with shock loads at very high pressure and temperature.
According to the specification, it should be a mineral oil with a sufficient amount of extreme pressure additives, capable of performing multifunctional actions of a universal nature.
Such a lubricant is used exclusively in the most difficult operating conditions, and its final composition depends on the specific transmission design.
A modern car is a whole complex of various technical and engineering solutions. Thanks to the coordinated work of all units, devices and mechanisms of various types, it is possible to ultimately obtain a reliable, economical and comfortable vehicle.
As you know, the main components of the car are considered to be and. In fact, the engine generates power, while the transmission converts the torque and transfers it to the wheels.
At the same time, an important element in the device of many cars is the hypoid gear. Next, we will talk about what hypoid gears are, what types of such gears are, how such a gear works, and what are the pros and cons of such a solution.
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What is a hypoid gear in a car and its features
So, the various gears are divided according to the type of gear used. Gears are bevel, cylindrical, hypoid, etc. Let's look at the hypoid gear in more detail.
A hyperboloid (abbreviated hypoid) gear is a solution where the gear teeth are curvilinear, and their movement is carried out along a hyperboloid (geometric figure). There was such a transmission a long time ago (in the 1920s). The main task of its introduction into the car device was to reduce the center of mass.
Then, thanks to a number of obvious advantages, the hypoid gear appeared on trucks and other types of equipment. The hypoid gear began to replace the double gear.
The main difference between a hypoid gear and other types of gears is that the shaft axes must necessarily be shifted in accordance with strict mathematical calculations. Another hypoid gear can only be used in nodes where the axes of the gears will be crossed. It is important to understand that if you ignore the first and second rule, the transmission will jam.
Advantages and disadvantages of hypoid gear
So, a hypoid main gear or other gear of this type has a number of advantages compared to other types of gears. First of all, it is necessary to separately note the minimum noise level during its operation, which means high acoustic comfort.
This is possible due to the fact that several teeth are simultaneously engaged at once. In parallel, high strength can be distinguished due to the increased diameter of the gear, especially in comparison with other types of gears.
It should also be noted the special arrangement of gears that do not intersect, but intersect. In parallel, such a device makes it possible to achieve a noticeable reduction in the load that applies to one tooth. The result is high-precision gear operation, increased reliability and significantly increased service life.
The teeth of a hypoid gear are highly wear resistant (especially when compared with a bevel gear), which allows mechanisms with such a gear to work for a long time and without fail.
In general, machines using a hypoid gear get better stability as well as a smoother ride. As a rule, hypoid gears are actively used in premium cars. In other words, if a car manufacturer is looking for the best performance, a hypoid gear is the best solution.
- Now about the disadvantages of hypoid gears. It would seem that, taking into account all the advantages, there should not be any minuses. However, in practice, everything is not quite so. First of all, the hypoid gear is an expensive mechanism that requires high precision in manufacturing.
It is quite obvious that its use leads to an increase in the cost of units and assemblies. Of course, some manufacturers save on materials and production technology, trying to reduce the final cost, but in practice this often causes jamming and quick failure. At the same time, more and more often this type of gear is found even on budget cars.
Even more often, complaints arise if such a hypoid gear is used in a gearbox. In this case, the main disadvantage can be considered the increased risk of gear sticking. Seizures are possible due to sliding along the line of contact.
In practice, the hypoid is widely used in the construction of various crossovers and SUVs with all-wheel drive. At the same time, the quality of workmanship is far from always high.
Main gear in a car transmission device: principle of operation, design features. Types of main gears by type of gear connection.
