Malfunctions of the power supply system of carburetor engines. Repair of the engine power system Malfunctions and then the power supply system of carburetor engines

26.06.2020

Even taking into account the fact that cars equipped with are an outdated solution, such cars continue to be popular in the CIS and have firmly established themselves in the lower price segment. At the same time, a relatively simple carburetor engine requires special attention and needs regular maintenance.

This approach allows you to achieve stable operation in different modes, as well as reduce fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. Next, we will consider the main malfunctions of the power supply system for motors with a carburetor, which usually occur during the operation of the vehicle.

Read in this article

Carburetor engine power system: features and problems

As you know, an automobile internal combustion engine, regardless of the type of engine and type of fuel (carburetor, injector, gasoline or), runs on a mixture of fuel and air.

Air is “sucked in” by the engine from the atmosphere, and fuel is supplied from the fuel tank through the fuel lines due to the operation of the fuel pump (mechanical or electric). The so-called fuel-air working mixture is fuel and air, which are mixed in strictly defined proportions. Then the combustion of the working mixture in the cylinders takes place.

On certain engines, fuel supply and mixture formation can also be implemented in different ways. In injection engines (except engines with direct injection), fuel is first supplied to the intake manifold through nozzles, after which it mixes with the air in there. The mixture then enters the combustion chamber.

In a diesel engine, fuel is injected directly into the combustion chamber, where pre-supplied, compressed and heated air is already located. By the way, the diesel engine has the most complex fuel system.

Normally, the fuel level should be 18-19 mm below the plane of the housing connector and the float chamber cover. The level is checked through a hole in the body of the float chamber, which is closed with a stopper. To adjust the level, in some cases it is necessary to change the thickness of the gaskets that are located under the needle valve in the float chamber.

As for the idle speed adjustment on the carburetor, such adjustments are made using a stop screw that limits the closing of the throttle valves (mixture quantity screw) and two screws that allow you to change the composition of the working mixture of fuel and air (quality screws).

What is the result

As you can see, the carburetor, even taking into account its simplicity, still needs periodic maintenance. It is important to understand that the quality of the fuel also plays a big role.

The use of low-grade gasoline with a large amount of third-party impurities leads to the fact that the jets are dirty, resulting in problems with the fuel supply to the carburetor. It is also important to maintain the overall cleanliness of the power supply system, prevent severe contamination of the fuel tank, monitor the condition of the fuel filter, etc.

Finally, we note that in the CIS, many motorists actively use Weber (Weber), Ozone or Solex (Solex, DAAZ) carburetors. By the way, the latest device has established itself as a reliable and time-tested solution, while being flexible.

4. Maintenance and repair of the power supply system of the carburetor engine of a car

Malfunctions of the power supply system consist in the formation of a mixture of inadequate quality and, as a result, increased fuel consumption. The most common power system malfunctions include the formation of a rich or lean mixture.

A rich working mixture has a reduced burning rate and causes the engine to overheat, while its operation is accompanied by sharp pops in the muffler. Pops appear as a result of incomplete combustion of the mixture in the cylinder (there is not enough oxygen in the air). Its afterburning occurs in the muffler and is accompanied by the appearance of black smoke from it.

Long-term operation of the engine on a rich mixture leads to excessive fuel consumption and a large deposit of carbon deposits on the walls of the combustion chamber in the spark plug electrodes, a decrease in engine power and an increase in its wear. The formation of a rich mixture is facilitated by a decrease in the amount of incoming air or an increase in the amount of fuel supplied.

In the carburetors under study, which have a main metering system with pneumatic fuel braking, in the event of clogging of the air jet, a rich combustible mixture is formed; This malfunction is eliminated by blowing the air jets of the main dosing system with compressed air.

An increase in the amount of incoming fuel is possible as a result of an increased fuel level in the float chamber due to incomplete fit of the shut-off valve, clogged valve seat, use of lighter grades of fuel, development of jet holes, loose closure of the economizer valve and incomplete opening of the air damper.

The fuel level in the float chamber is regulated by one of the previously described methods. If the valves do not fit tightly to the seat, they should be lapped or replaced. If the holes of the jets are developed, then the jets are replaced.

A loose economizer valve must be disassembled and lapped or replaced.

The full opening of the air damper is regulated by changing the length of the drive cable.

A lean mixture also has a reduced combustion rate, the engine overheats, and its operation is accompanied by sharp pops in the carburetor. Popping in the carburetor occurs as a result of the mixture still burning in the cylinder when the intake valve is already open, and the flame spreads into the intake pipeline and the carburetor mixing chamber.

Prolonged operation of the engine on a lean mixture also causes excessive fuel consumption due to the fact that the engine power drops in the atom and more often you have to use a reduced one;! , transmissions.

The formation of a lean combustible mixture is promoted either by a decrease in the amount of incoming fuel, or by an increase in the amount of incoming air.

A decrease in the amount of incoming fuel is possible as a result of a stuck air valve in the fuel tank filler cap, clogged fuel lines and sediment filters, a malfunction of the fuel pump, low fuel level in the float chamber, clogged jets.

An increase in the amount of incoming air is possible due to air leakage at the junctions of individual parts of the carburetor, as well as at the junctions of the carburetor with the intake pipeline and the intake pipeline with cylinder heads. The fuel filler cap valve must be inspected to remove dust and ice particles that may form during winter.

Clogged pipelines are purged with a tire inflation pump. Clogged sediment filters must be disassembled, cleaned of dirt, rinsed and blown out with compressed air. When disassembling fine filters with a ceramic element, care should be taken, as it is very fragile.

When assembling filters, special attention should be paid to the condition of the gaskets, torn gaskets must be replaced. A fuel pump failure is usually accompanied by a decrease or cessation of fuel supply.

Most often, the following malfunctions are possible in a diaphragm pump: damage to the diaphragm; loose fitting of valves; wear of the outer end of the two-arm lever; decrease in spring tension.

Damaged diaphragm discs are replaced. If they are damaged in the uti, loosen the nut securing the diaphragm discs, carefully separate them so that the damage points do not coincide, and, after lubricating with soap, assemble and install in place.

A loose valve must be disassembled, cleaned of dirt, checked for the condition of the spring and reinstalled. If this is not enough, then the valve must be replaced. When the outer end of the two-arm lever is worn, it is welded on.

As a temporary measure (on the way), the gasket between the pump and its attachment point is replaced with a thinner one, thereby bringing the lever closer to the eccentric. Clogged carburetor fuel jets must be purged.

One of the most common failures of the power system is the flow of fuel through leaks in the fuel line connections, which is very dangerous, as it can cause a fire. To prevent this malfunction, the connections should be periodically tightened.

Basic maintenance work. EO. Check the fuel level in the tank and fill the vehicle with fuel. Visually check the tightness of the connection of the carburetor, fuel pump, fuel lines and fuel tank.

TO-1. Check by external inspection the tightness of the connections of the power supply system; troubleshoot if necessary. Check the connection of the pedal lever to the throttle valve axis and the cable to the air damper lever, the operation of the actuators and the completeness of opening and closing the throttle and air dampers.

The drive pedal should move smoothly in both directions. After operating the vehicle on dusty roads, wash the carburetor air filter and change the oil in it.

TO-2. Check the tightness of the fuel tank and the connections of the pipelines of the power system, the fastening of the carburetor and the fuel pump; troubleshoot if necessary. Check the connection of the rod to the throttle lever and the cable to the air damper lever, the operation of the actuators, the completeness of opening and closing the throttle and air dampers.

Check the operation of the fuel pump with a pressure gauge (without removing it from the engine). The pressure created by the pump must be within 0.03 ... 0.04 MPa. Check the fuel level in the carburetor float chamber when the engine is running at low idle speed. Rinse engine air filter and change c. it oil.

CO. Twice a year, remove the carburetor from the engine, disassemble and clean it. Flush and check the operation of the engine speed limiter.

When preparing for winter operation, check on special devices the carburetor, its components I1 parts, including jets. Remove the fuel pump, disassemble it, clean and check the condition of the parts

After assembly, check the fuel pump on a special device. Twice a year, drain the sediment from the fuel tank and once a year (when switching to winter operation) flush the tank. Checking the serviceability of the gasoline pump is carried out according to the following indicators: by the maximum pressure created by the pump, by the performance of the pump, by the tightness of the valves.

All these parameters are checked on the device, which consists of a tank and a panel. On the front side, the panel is studded!! the tested iasos is attached. An eccentric shaft with a flywheel is installed on the back of the panel. When the eccentric shaft rotates, a pump is activated, connected to the device with two hoses.

The pressure gauge on the device shows the pressure created by the pump and the tightness of its valves, and the pump performance is determined by the amount of fuel that has entered the glass graduated cylinder in ten rocker strokes.

The carburetor is checked for tightness of the valve, plugs and connections, the fuel level in the float chamber and the throughput of the jets. The capacity of the jets is checked on a special device and is estimated by the amount of water flowing through the jet in 1 min under the pressure of a water column 1 m high and its temperature is 20 ° C.

All other parameters are checked on a device consisting of a tank n, a rack with a bracket for mounting the carburetor. The fuel in the float chamber of the carburetor comes from the fuel tank under compressed air pressure, which is controlled by a pressure gauge and must correspond to the pressure created by a serviceable fuel pump. An increase in the fuel level in the float chamber indicates a leak in the shut-off valve.

Each chamber has a platinum thread. When carbon monoxide is burned from hot gases in the measuring chamber, the temperature rises and the resistance of the thread changes.

The arrow of the milliammeter, deviating, shows the content of carbon monoxide and the composition of the working mixture. During the maintenance of power system devices, it is necessary to comply with safety regulations, industrial sanitation and fire safety.

STATE BUDGET PROFESSIONAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF THE MOSCOW REGION "RAMENSKY ROAD-BUILDING COLLEGE"

Final examination work

Profession: Car maintenance and repair master

student group: 18

FULL NAME:

Topic: Device, diagnostics, maintenance and repair of the power supply system of the carburetor engine GAZ, ZIL.

2017

1. Introduction

2. The device and principle of operation of the power supply system of the carburetor engine GAZ, ZIL

6. Repair of the power supply system of the carburetor engine GAZ, ZIL

1. Introduction

According to the cross-country ability, cars are divided into three groups: ordinary (road), high and high cross-country ability. The first of them (ZIL-130) are used mainly on the roads. Off-road - GAZ-66 and ZIL-131 - can move on roads and off-road areas.

An engine is a machine in which one or another type of energy is converted into mechanical work. Engines in which thermal energy is converted into mechanical work are thermal.

Thermal energy is obtained by burning any fuel. An engine in which fuel burns directly inside the cylinder and the energy of the resulting gases is perceived by a piston moving in the cylinder is called a piston internal combustion engine. Such engines are mainly used in modern cars.

Consider the ZIL-130 engine:

The engine consists of a mechanism and systems that ensure its operation:

crank mechanism,

Gas distribution mechanism,

Cooling system,

Lubrication system,

Supply system.

In this paper, the power supply system of the ZIL carburetor engine is considered.

Purpose

All gasoline-powered engines have basically the same power system and operate on a combustible mixture consisting of fuel vapor and air. The power supply system includes devices designed for storing, cleaning and supplying fuel, air cleaning devices and a device used to prepare a combustible mixture from fuel vapor and air.

The power supply system of carbureted engines consists of a fuel tank, a sump, a fuel pump, a carburetor, an air cleaner and an inlet pipeline.

The preparation of the necessary combustible mixture from fuel and air takes place in a carburetor mounted on top of the engine on the intake pipe. The air entering the carburetor for the preparation of a combustible mixture is cleaned of dust in the air filter located directly on the carburetor or on the side of the engine. In this case, the air filter is connected to the carburetor by a pipe.

All fuel supply devices are interconnected by metal tubes - fuel lines that are attached to the frame or body of the car, and at the transition points from the frame or body to the engine - hoses made of special grades of gasoline-resistant rubber.

The carburetor is connected to the inlet channels of the engine cylinder head by means of an inlet pipe, and the exhaust channels are connected to the exhaust pipe, the latter is connected by a pipe to the exhaust silencer.

The K-88AM carburetor of the ZIL-130 engine has two mixing chambers, each of which serves four cylinders. When the engine is running at medium loads, fuel from the float chamber flows through the main jets, and then through the full power jets into the emulsion channels. In these channels, air is mixed with the fuel from the air jets and jets of the idle system. The resulting emulsion enters the mixing chambers through the annular slots of small diffusers. Maintaining a constant composition of the lean mixture occurs due to the deceleration of the fuel by air.

2.The device and principle of operation of the power supply system of the carburetor engine GAZ, ZIL.

2.1. The device and principle of operation of the power supply system GAZ, ZIL

The power supply system of the carburetor engine (Fig. 47) consists of a fuel tank 10, a fuel sump filter 12, a fuel pump 1, a fine fuel filter 4, a carburetor 3, an air filter 2, an inlet pipeline, an exhaust pipeline 15, a gas outlet pipe 14 with a silencer noise of exhaust gases 13, connecting pipelines and petrol-resistant hoses 8, fuel intake valve 11;fuel level indicator in the fuel tank 9, throttle control pedal 7, control buttons for air 5 and throttle 6 carburetor dampers.

Fig.47. The power supply system of the carburetor engine.

When the engine is running, fuel from the fuel tank is forcibly supplied by the fuel pump to the float chamber of the carburetor, having previously been cleaned in the sediment filter and fine filter. At the same time, air pre-cleaned in the air filter enters the carburetor. In the carburetor, the fuel is mixed with air in a predetermined proportion and a combustible mixture is formed, which enters the engine cylinders through the intake pipeline, where it is compressed, ignited and burned, releasing thermal energy, which is converted into mechanical energy with the help of mechanisms and systems and transmitted in the form of torque to the engine. the wheels of the car, setting it in motion. Exhaust gases are discharged to the atmosphere through the exhaust pipeline.

2.2. The device and purpose of the power supply system GAZ, ZIL

Power system devices. All gasoline-powered engines have basically the same power system and operate on a combustible mixture consisting of fuel vapor and air. The power supply system includes devices designed for storing, cleaning and supplying fuel, air cleaning devices and a device used to prepare a combustible mixture from fuel vapor and air.

The fuel is placed in a fuel tank, the capacity of which is sufficient to operate the vehicle during one shift. The fuel tank of the truck is located on the side of the vehicle on the frame.

From the fuel tank, the fuel enters the fuel filters-settlers, in which mechanical impurities and water are separated from the fuel. The sediment filter is located on the frame near the fuel tank. The fuel supply from the tank through the fine filter to the carburetor is carried out by a fuel pump located on the engine crankcase between the rows of cylinders on top of the engine.

Carburetoris connected to the inlet channels of the engine cylinder head by means of an inlet pipeline, and the exhaust channels are connected to the exhaust pipeline, the latter is connected by a pipe to the exhaust silencer.

To prevent the engine from running at an excessively high crankshaft speed, a crankshaft speed limiter is included in the power supply system of trucks.

The K-88AM carburetor of the ZIL-130 engine has two mixing chambers, each of which serves four cylinders. When the engine is running at medium loads, fuel from the float chamber flows through the main jets, and then through the full power jets into the emulsion channels (Fig. 19). In these channels, air is mixed with the fuel from the air jets and jets of the idle system. The resulting emulsion enters the mixing chambers through the annular slots of small diffusers. Maintaining a constant composition of the lean mixture occurs due to the deceleration of the fuel by air.

Fuel pump. On cars, the carburetor is located above the fuel tank and the fuel supply is forced. For forced supply of fuel from the tank to the carburetor, a diaphragm-type fuel pump is installed on the engine.

The pump (fig. 20) consists of three main parts! housings, heads and covers. In the housing on the axis there is a two-arm lever with a return spring and a manual pumping lever. A diaphragm is fixed between the casing and the pump head, assembled on a rod having two plates. The two-arm lever acts on the rod through a textolite thrust washer. A pressure spring is installed under the diaphragm.

The pump head has two inlet and one outlet valves. The valves have a guide rod, a rubber washer and a spring. On top of the intake valves is a strainer.

The diaphragm type fuel pump is driven directly from the camshaft eccentric.

When an eccentric or rod runs onto the outer end of the two-arm lever, its inner end, moving, bends the diaphragm down and a vacuum is created above it (see Fig. 20, a). Under the action of the vacuum created, the fuel from the tank enters through the pipeline to the pump inlet and passes through the strainer to the inlet valves, while the pump pressure spring is compressed. When the protrusion of the eccentric comes off the outer end of the two-arm lever, the diaphragm moves upward under the action of the pressure spring and pressure is created in the chamber above it. Fuel is displaced through the delivery valve into the outlet channel and then through the tube into the carburetor float chamber (see Fig. 20, b).

To reduce fuel pulsation, there is an air chamber above the delivery valve. When the pump is running, pressure is created in this chamber, due to which fuel is supplied to the carburetor evenly. The capacity of the fuel pump is designed to operate at maximum fuel flow, however, in reality, the amount of fuel supplied should be less than the capacity of the pump.

When the float chamber is filled, the needle valve closes the hole in the seat and pressure is created in the fuel line from the pump to the carburetor, which spreads into the cavity above the diaphragm. In this case, the pump diaphragm remains in the lower position, since the discharge spring cannot overcome the pressure created, and the two-arm lever swings idle under the action of the eccentric and return spring.

To fill the float chamber of the carburetor with fuel when the engine is not running, use the manual priming lever located on the side of the pump housing. The lever has a roller with a cut off part and a return spring. In the depressed position, the cut of the roller is above the rocker arm and does not affect it. When moving the manual pumping lever, the roller, with the edges of the cut-out part, presses on the inner end of the two-arm lever and moves the diaphragm down.

The manual inflation lever can be used when the eccentric has released the outer end of the two-arm lever.

Fuel filters and sedimentation tanks . The fuel supplied to the carburetor jets should not have mechanical impurities and water, since impurities clog the jet holes, and water frozen in winter will cause the fuel supply to stop. To clean the fuel in the engine power system, the installation of filters and sedimentation tanks is provided. Mesh filters are installed in the filler necks of fuel tanks, in the diaphragm pump housing and in the inlet fittings of the carburetor float chamber.

On trucks, two sediment filters are additionally included in the power supply system. One of the coarse filters-settlers is installed at the fuel tank. This filter (Fig. 21, a) consists of a cover and a removable housing. Inside the housing, on racks, there is a filter element from a set of thin filter plates with stamped protrusions 0.05 mm high, so a gap of 0.05 mm wide remains between the plates. Fuel from the tank enters through the inlet into the filter sump. Since the sump has a larger volume than the fuel line, the speed of the incoming fuel is sharply reduced, which leads to the deposition of mechanical impurities and water.

Fuel, passing through the slots of the filter element, is additionally cleaned of mechanical impurities that settle on the filter element.

The fuel fine filter (Fig. 21, b) is installed in front of the carburetor. It consists of a body, a sump cup, a filter element with a spring and a cup clamp. The filter element can be made of ceramic or fine mesh rolled up.

The fuel supplied by the diaphragm pump enters the settling glass. Some of the mechanical impurities precipitate in the settling glass, while the remaining impurities are retained on the surface of the filter element.

Fuel coarse filter installed at the fuel tank and is designed for preliminary cleaning of the fuel entering the fuel booster pump. It consists of a housing, a sump, a cover with inlet fittings, a mesh filter element, a drain plug and an air outlet plug from the system.

Fine fuel filter designed to clean the fuel from small particles. It consists of two caps, a cover and two filter elements. A drain plug is screwed into the bottom of each cap. The replaceable filter element is made of paper. The filter cap has a drain valve through which part of the fuel is drained along with the air that has entered the low pressure system.

Air filter. The car is often operated in conditions of strong air pollution. Dust, getting into the engine cylinders along with air, causes accelerated wear of both cylinders and piston rings. Purification of the air supplied for the preparation of a combustible mixture is carried out in the air filter.

On the ZIL-130 car, air filters of the inertial-oil type are used. The filter (Fig. 22) consists of an oil bath body, a cover with a pipe, a filter element made of a metal mesh or nylon fiber, a coupling screw with a wing nut.

Under the action of vacuum created by a running engine, air enters the inlet annular slot through the pipe and, moving down it, hits the oil, to which large dust particles adhere. With further movement, the air picks up oil particles and wets the filter element with it. Oil flowing from the filter element washes away dust particles that have settled on the reflector. The air passing through the filter element is completely cleaned of mechanical impurities and enters the carburetor mixing chamber through the central pipe.

The filter is installed using an adapter pipe directly on the carburetor and connected to the carburetor using an air pipe.

Fuel tank. A fuel tank is installed to store the fuel supply necessary for the operation of the car. It consists of two halves, stamped from sheet steel and connected by welding. Inside the tank, to increase rigidity and reduce fuel shock whenits movement, partitions are installed. The tank has a filler neck with a plug in which two valves are located, the action of which is similar to the action of the steam-air valves of the radiator cap.

The fuel tank of a diesel car is similar in design to the fuel tank of a gasoline car, but there are no valves in the plug. To prevent rarefaction in the tank during fuel generation, a tube is installed from it in the upper part, which communicates the internal cavity of the tank with the atmosphere.

A fuel gauge sensor and a fitting with a tap and a suction pipe are installed on top of the tank. The intake tube at the bottom ends with a mesh filter. At the bottom of the tank there is a drain hole closed with a screw plug.

The capacity of the fuel tank of the car is as follows: ZIL-130-170 l.

intake pipes . The supply of a combustible mixture from the carburetor to the engine cylinders is carried out through the inlet pipeline.

The inlet pipeline of the ZIL-130 engine is cast from aluminum alloy and fixed to the heads of the right and left rows of cylinders. The intake pipeline has a complex system of channels through which the combustible mixture is supplied to the cylinders. Between the inlet channels of the inlet pipeline there is a space communicated with the cooling cavity of the cylinder heads.

Gaskets are installed to seal the junctions between the intake manifold and the cylinder heads.

Exhaust pipes . They serve to remove exhaust gases from the engine cylinders, they are made separately and attached to the outside of the cylinder heads.

To reduce the resistance to the passage of a combustible mixture and exhaust gases, the channels of the intake and exhaust pipelines are made shorter and with smooth transitions.The exhaust pipelines are sealed with metal-asbestos gaskets, and they are fixed on studs with nuts.

Heating of the combustible mixture . The process of preparing a combustible mixture does not end in the mixing chamber of the carburetor, but continues in the intake manifold and engine cylinders. For better evaporation of fuel during engine operation, the intake manifold is heated. The heating of the inlet pipeline is especially necessary when operating the car in cold weather and at the time of starting its engine. However, excessive heating of the combustible mixture is undesirable, since in this case the volume of the mixture increases, and the weight filling of the cylinders decreases.

In the ZIL-130 engine, the combustible mixture is heated due to the heat given off by the circulating liquid in the cooling cavity of the inlet pipeline. When starting these engines at low temperatures, it is possible to heat the intake pipeline due to the flow of hot water through the cooling system.

3. Diagnostics of the power supply system of the carburetor engine GAZ, ZIL

Diagnostic signs of malfunctions of the power system are: difficulty starting the engine, increased fuel consumption under load, a drop in engine power and overheating, a change in the composition and an increase in the toxicity of exhaust gases.

Diagnosis of the power supply system of diesel and carburetor engines is carried out by the methods of running and bench tests.

When diagnosing by the method of sea trials determine the fuel consumption when the car is moving at a constant speed on a measured horizontal section of the road with low traffic intensity in both directions.

The control fuel consumption is determined for trucks at a constant speed of 30-40 km/h and for cars - at a speed of 40-80 km/h. The amount of fuel consumed is measured by flow meters, which are used not only to diagnose the power system, but also to teach drivers how to drive economically.

Diagnosis of the car power system can be carried out simultaneously with testing the traction qualities of the car on a stand with running drums, which significantly reduces the loss of time and eliminates the inconvenience of the sea test method. To do this, the car is installed on the stand in such a way that the drive wheels rest on the running drums. Before measuring fuel consumption, preheat the engine and transmission of the car for 15 minutes. at a speed of 40 km / h in direct gear and at full throttle, for which a load is created on the drive wheels by the load device of the stand. After that, for carburetor engines, the operation of the fuel pump is checked (if the stand with running drums is not equipped with a pressure gauge to control the operation of the fuel pump) with a model 527B instrument for the pressure it develops and the tightness of the carburetor float chamber valve. The pressure is measured at a low engine speed and with the shut-off valve open. The results of the check are compared with the data of the table placed on the cover of the instrument case, and, if necessary, troubleshooting is carried out.

4. Maintenance of the power supply system of the carburetor engine GAZ, ZIL

Daily Maintenance (EO):

Clean the engine of dirt;

Check the condition of the engine by external inspection and listen to its operation in different modes;

Check the fluid level in the radiator;

-check for fluid and oil leaks;

Check the oil level before starting the engine;

Visually check the tightness of the fuel lines.

Maintenance No. 1 (TO-1):

Check the fastening of the engine mounts;

Check the tightness of the connection of the cylinder head, oil pan, crankshaft oil seal;

Rinse the air filter;

Lubricate the distributor breaker shaft.

Maintenance No. 2 (TO-2):

Tighten the cylinder head nuts;

Check the gap between the valve stems and the toe of the rocker arm;

Check for fluid leakage in the entire cooling system;

Lubricate water pump bearings;

Check the fastening of the radiator and shutters;

Check water pump mounting and belt tension;

Check the operation of the steam-air valve of the radiator plug;

Replace filter elements;

Inspection to check the tightness of all devices of the lubrication system;

Drain the sediment from the oil filter;

Change the oil in the crankcase;

Check the oil level in the crankcase;

Check the operation of the fuel pump using a pressure gauge;

Check the tightness of all connections in the power system;

Check the throttle actuator;

Rinse the air filter;

Check the fuel level in the carburetor float chamber;

Clean the surface of the ignition system devices from dust and dirt and oil;

Check spark plugs and distributor breaker

5. The main malfunctions of the power supply system of the carburetor engine GAZ, ZIL

Malfunction	Cause	Solutions
No fuel supply	Clogged filters or fuel lines, malfunction of the fuel pump or carburetor.	Clean or replace filters, fuel lines Replace or repair fuel pump/carburetor
Combustible mixture lean	Reduce fuel supply or increase air intake	Increase fuel supply Restrict air intake
Rich combustible mixture	Incomplete opening of the air damper, increased fuel level in the float chamber, sticking of the float or fuel supply valve in the open position, enlargement of the holes of the jets, clogging of the air jet, leakage of the float, fuel supply valves, economizer valves.	Check and correct/adjust the air damper. Reduce fuel supply. Adjust float; adjust valves. Check tightness, seal.
Unstable engine operation	Violation engine speed adjustment. Piston sticking, actuator failure, check valve leaking, nozzle clogged, delivery valve stuck	Adjust the engine speed. Carry out the necessary engine maintenance operations.
Engine power drop	Incomplete throttle opening when the pedal is pressed all the way and clogged air filter	Adjust or replace throttle valve. Clean the air filter.
Increased fuel consumption	Flow through leaks in the fuel-line connections or a damaged fuel pump diaphragm.	Check connections (tighten if necessary). Check diaphragm (replace if necessary).

6. Repair of the power supply system of the carburetor engine GAZ, ZIL

7. Security requirements. For vehicle maintenance and repair

All work on the maintenance and repair of the car should be carried out at specially equipped posts.

When installing the car at the service station, brake it with a parking brake, turn off the ignition, turn on a low gear in the gearbox and put at least two stops under the wheels.

Before performing control and adjustment operations on an idle engine (checking the operation of the generator, adjusting the carburetor, relay-regulator, etc.), check and fasten the cuffs of the sleeves, remove the hanging ends of the clothing, tuck the hair under the headgear, and you should not work while sitting on fender or buffer of the machine.

A sign is posted on the steering wheel "Keep out - people are working." When removing components and parts that require great physical effort, it is necessary to use devices (pullers). During work related to turning the engine crankshaft, it is necessary to additionally check the ignition off, and set the gearbox lever to the neutral position. When starting the engine manually, you should beware of kickbacks and use the correct grip on the starting handle (do not grab the handle, turn it from the bottom up). When using the heater, special attention is paid to its serviceability, the absence of gasoline leaks; the operating heater must not be left unattended. The tap of the fuel tank of the heater is opened only during its operation; in the summer, the fuel is drained from the tank.

Do not service the transmission while the engine is running. When servicing the transmission outside the inspection ditch or overpass, it is necessary to use sunbeds (bedding). When working on turning the cardan shafts, you must additionally make sure that the ignition is turned off, put the gear lever in the neutral position and release the parking brake. After completing the work, re-apply the parking brake and engage a low gear in the gearbox.

When removing and setting the springs, you must first unload them by raising the frame and installing it on the goats. When removing the wheels, you should also put the car on the goats, and place stops under the unremoved wheels. It is prohibited to carry out any work on a car hung only on lifting mechanisms (jacks, hoists, etc.). Wheel disks, bricks, stones and other foreign objects must not be placed under the suspended vehicle.

The tool used in the maintenance and repair of the car must be in good working order. Hammers and files should have well-fitted wooden handles. Unscrewing and tightening nuts should be done only with serviceable wrenches of the appropriate size.

After completing all the work, before starting the engine and starting the machine, you need to make sure that all people involved in the work are at a safe distance, and the equipment and tools are removed in their places.

Checking and testing on the go of the steering and braking systems must be carried out on an equipped site. The presence of unauthorized persons during the check of the car on the move, as well as the placement of persons participating in the check on the steps, fenders is prohibited.

When working on inspection ditches and lifting devices, the following requirements must be met:

when placing the machine on the inspection ditch (overpass), drive the machine at low speed and monitor the correct position of the wheels relative to the guide flanges of the inspection ditch; the machine placed on the inspection ditch or lifting device should be braked with a parking brake and chocks should be placed under the wheels; portable lamps in the inspection ditch can only be used with a voltage not higher than 12 V; do not smoke or light open flames under the car; do not put tools and parts on the frame, steps and other places from where they can fall on workers; before leaving the ditch (overpass), make sure that there are no people under the machine, uncleaned tools or equipment; beware of poisoning by exhaust gases and fuel vapors accumulating in the inspection ditches.

When working with gasoline, you must follow the rules for handling it. Gasoline is a highly flammable liquid that causes irritation when it comes into contact with the skin, dissolves paint well. Care should be taken when handling gasoline containers, as its vapors remaining in the container are highly flammable. Particular care should be exercised when working with ethyl rosean gasoline, which contains a potent substance - tetraethyl lead, which causes severe poisoning of the body. Do not use leaded gasoline for washing hands, parts, cleaning clothes. It is forbidden to suck up gasoline and blow out pipelines and other devices of the fuel system by mouth. You can store and transport gasoline only in closed containers with the inscription "Leaded gasoline is poisonous." Use sawdust, sand, bleach, or warm water to clean up spilled gasoline. Skin areas doused with gasoline are immediately washed with kerosene, and then with warm water and soap. Before eating, be sure to wash your hands.

Special care must be taken when handling antifreeze. This liquid contains a potent poison - ethylene glycol, the entry of which into the body leads to severe poisoning. The container in which antifreeze is stored and transported must have the inscription "Poison" and be sealed. It is strictly forbidden to pour low-freezing liquids with a hose by suction by mouth. Filling the car with antifreeze is done directly into the cooling system. Wash your hands thoroughly after servicing a cooling system filled with antifreeze. In case of accidental ingestion of antifreeze into the body, the victim must be immediately taken to a medical center for assistance.

Brake fluids and their vapors can also cause poisoning if ingested, so all precautions must be taken when handling these fluids, and hands should be thoroughly washed after handling them.

Acids are stored and transported in glass bottles with ground stoppers. The bottles are installed in soft wicker baskets with wood shavings. When carrying bottles, stretchers and carts are used. Acids on contact with skin cause severe burns and destroy clothing. If acid gets on the skin, quickly wipe this area of the body and rinse with a strong stream of water.

Solvents and paints cause irritation and burns when in contact with the skin, and their vapors can cause poisoning if inhaled. Car painting should be done in a well ventilated area. Wash hands thoroughly with soap and warm water after handling acids, paints and solvents.

Exhaust gases leaving the engine contain carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and other substances that can cause severe poisoning and even death. Drivers should always remember this and take measures to prevent exhaust gas poisoning.

The engine power system devices must be properly adjusted. Periodically check the tightness of the exhaust pipe fastening nuts. When performing inspection and adjustment work related to the need to start the engine in a closed room, it is necessary to ensure the removal of gases from the muffler; performance of these works in rooms not equipped with ventilation is prohibited.

It is strictly forbidden to sleep in the cab of a car with the engine running, in such cases exhaust gases seeping into the cab often lead to fatal poisoning.

When working with a power tool, it is necessary to check the serviceability and availability of protective grounding. The voltage of portable lighting used in the maintenance and repair of vehicles should be no more than 12 V. When working with a tool powered by a voltage of 127-220 V, wear protective gloves and use a rubber mat or dry wooden platform. When leaving the workplace, even for a short time, the tool must be switched off. In the event of any malfunction of the power tool, grounding device or socket outlet, work must be stopped.

When mounting and dismantling tires, the following rules must be observed: mounting and dismantling of tires must be carried out on stands or a clean floor (platform), and in the field - on a spread tarpaulin or other bedding; before dismantling the tire from the wheel rim, the air from the chamber must be completely released, the dismantling of the tire adhering to the rim must be carried out on a special tire dismantling stand;it is prohibited to mount tires on faulty wheel rims, as well as to use tires that do not match the size of the wheel rim; when inflating a tire, it is necessary to use a special guard or safety devices; when performing this operation in the field, it is necessary to put the wheel with the lock ring down.

The driver must know the causes and rules for extinguishing a fire in the park and in the car. It is necessary to monitor the serviceability of electrical equipment and the absence of fuel leakage. If the car catches fire, it should be immediately removed from the parking lot and measures should be taken to extinguish the flame. To extinguish a fire, use a thick foam or carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, sand, or cover the fire with a dense cloth. In the event of a fire, regardless of the measures taken, the fire brigade must be called.

8. List of used literature

Malfunction (sign)	Causes	Remedy
Engine won't start	Lack of fuel in the tank. Clogged fuel lines. Clogged fuel filters. Fuel pump malfunction: Diaphragm damage Clogged valves Clogged strainer. Carburetor malfunction: Fuel level mismatch in float chamber Needle valve stuck closed Clogged jets	Fill with fuel. Blow out the fuel lines. Rinse filters. Replace diaphragm. Rinse valves. Rinse filter. Check and adjust float position. Flush the valve, remove the jam. Blow out the jets
The engine does not develop full power	Air cleaner clogged. Incomplete opening of the throttle valves of the carburetor. Fuel pump malfunction. Carburetor malfunction	Clean or replace filter element. Adjust throttle actuator. Check pump operation and replace worn parts. Check and adjust the position of the float, blow out the jets, adjust the damper actuators
Smoky exhaust	Insufficient air supply. Incomplete opening of the carburetor air damper. Carburetor misadjustment (very rich mixture)	Clean or replace filter element. Adjust the air damper actuator. Adjust carburetor

Diagnosis of the power supply system of the carburetor engine. When diagnosing the power supply system of a carburetor engine, the following indicators are determined and checked.

1. Tightness of the system (visual control).

2. The quality of the fuel pump. The fuel pump is checked directly on the engine or by removing it from the engine. To check the pump on the engine, the fuel line is disconnected from the carburetor and its end is lowered into a transparent vessel filled with gasoline. If a strong jet of fuel comes out of the fuel line when you press the manual priming lever, the pump is working. The exit of air bubbles from the fuel line indicates air leakage (leakage) in the fuel line connections or the pump. Damage to the diaphragm is indicated by the cessation of fuel supply and its leakage from the hole in the pump housing. If the manual priming lever moves freely when the fuel supply is reduced or completely stopped, this indicates a loss of elasticity of the diaphragm spring.

To detect pump malfunctions, special devices are also used, consisting of a hose with tips and a pressure gauge. The device is connected to the system between the pump and the carburetor, the engine starts and the pressure generated by the pump is measured. The pressure value and pressure drop determine the malfunctions of the pump and other devices of the system (weakening of the diaphragm spring, loose fit of the pump valves, clogging of fuel lines and filters). To check the vacuum created by the pump, a vacuum gauge is used, which is attached to the inlet fitting of the pump. If the vacuum value is lower than the nominal value, this indicates a leak in the exhaust valve, damage to the diaphragm or gasket.

3. The fuel level in the carburetor float chamber is checked in various ways (depending on the design features of the carburetor): according to the risks of the viewing window; along the edge of the control hole with a stopper; a special device that works on the principle of communicating vessels.

4. Tightness of float and needle valve. The tightness of the float is checked by immersing it in water heated to 80 ° C and observing it for at least 30 s. Air bubbles will appear from a leaky float. Checking the tightness of the needle valve with sufficient accuracy can be performed on the carburetor removed from the engine or separately on its cover using a rubber bulb. If, after creating a vacuum in the fitting with a pear for 15 s, the shape of the crumpled pear has not changed, then the tightness of the valve can be considered sufficient. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the float presses on the valve, moving it all the way into the seat. A more accurate check is made using a special vacuum device.

5. The throughput of the jets is checked with special devices (Fig. 73a). The amount of water flowing through the metering hole of the jet in 1 min under a certain pressure (1000 mm of water column) at a water temperature of 19 ... 21 ° C will be the throughput of the jet, which must correspond to the nominal value.

For a comprehensive check of carburetors, special stands are used that allow you to measure almost all the main parameters of the carburetor: the tightness of the needle valve, the fuel level in the float chamber, the performance and performance of the accelerator pump; throughput of jets (Fig. 73b). These stands also allow you to check carburetors and fuel pumps both separately and simultaneously.

6. The performance of the accelerator pump. To check the accelerator pump, the carburetor is removed from the engine, the float chamber is filled with gasoline and a container is placed under the opening of the carburetor mixing chamber. By pressing on the accelerator pump rod, 10 full piston strokes are made. The amount of gasoline leaked into the container is measured with a beaker and compared with the nominal value.

Rice. 73. A device for checking the throughput of jets (a) and a stand for checking carburetors and gasoline pumps (b): 1 - reservoir; 2 - supply valve; 3 - drain tube; 4 - pressure tube; 5 - checked jet; 6 - beaker

7. The toxicity of exhaust gases is checked at idle using a gas analyzer (Fig. 74).

Rice. 74. Automotive gas analyzers

Before taking measurements, the engine must run for less than 1 minute in test mode. The sampler is inserted into the outlet pipe to a depth of 300 mm from its cut. The gas is sucked in by means of a pump located in the device case, passes through the filter and enters the measurement unit. The analysis of gases is carried out at a minimum stable idle speed of the crankshaft and at a speed equal to 60% of the nominal. The CO content during such measurements should not exceed the established values.

Repair and adjustment of the power supply system of the carburetor engine. Adjusting the fuel level in the float chamber carried out by changing the number of gaskets between the needle valve body and the carburetor body or by carefully bending the tongue 8 or the float bracket (Fig. 75). In this case, the bearing surface of the tongue must be perpendicular to the axis of the needle valve and must not have notches and dents.

The distance between the float and gasket 10 adjacent to the carburetor cover (dimension A) must comply with the standard established for this carburetor. The control of this distance is performed by a caliber. In this case, the carburetor cover should be held vertically so that the float tongue 8 lightly touches the ball 5 of the needle valve 4 without sinking it.

The value of the maximum stroke of the float is adjusted by bending the stop 3. The pulling fork 6 of the needle valve should not interfere with the free movement of the float. When installing the carburetor cover, it is necessary to check whether the float touches the walls of the float chamber. The fuel level necessary for the normal operation of the carburetor is ensured only by the correct installation of serviceable elements of the shut-off device (needle valve).

Rice. 75. Checking and adjusting the fuel level in the carburetor float chamber: 1 - carburetor cover; 2 - needle valve seat; 3 - emphasis; 4 - needle valve; 5 – a ball of a locking needle; 6 - draw fork of the valve needle; 7 - float bracket; 8 - tongue; 9 - float; 10 - gasket

Carburetor adjustment carried out during the period of engine idling (a warm engine with a working ignition system). When adjusting the carburetor with sequential opening of the throttle valves (used for passenger car engines), the throttle stop screw (quantity screw) tends to reduce the crankshaft speed, and the mixture quality screw maximizes it. The disadvantage of this adjustment is that the quality screw enriches the mixture, i.e. in the exhaust gases, the content of CO increases, which may exceed the established norms.

Therefore, the idle system must be adjusted using a gas analyzer. The quality screw sets the crankshaft speed recommended for this engine (according to the tachometer) at idle and after 10 ... 30 s the CO content in the exhaust gases is fixed, after which the quality screw is carefully turned 1/2 turn, then 1/4 turn the CO content will not decrease to the required value. Next, use the quantity screw to restore the crankshaft speed to the recommended one. If it turns out that the CO content again exceeded the norm or the engine began to work unstably due to the depletion of the mixture, then all operations are repeated, simultaneously achieving the required speed and the required CO content.

For truck engines, parallel-throttle carburetors with two quality screws are used. Their adjustment is carried out in the following sequence: set the recommended by the factory frequency of rotation of the crankshaft (according to the tachometer) with the quantity screw; one of the quality screws leans the mixture before the start of uneven engine operation; slowly (in several stages) by turning another quality screw, set the CO content in the exhaust gases below normal; turning the first quality screw, bring the speed to normal (the CO content in the exhaust gases should be below the norm mark). If necessary, adjust the second quality screw.

After the adjustment of the idling system is completed, the throttle response of a well-heated engine is checked by both slow and fast opening of the throttles, as well as when the car is moving during sharp accelerations. At the moment of transition from idling to work with a load in the carburetor, there should be no interruptions, "failures" or pops.

Malfunctions of the devices of the power supply system of the carburetor engine and methods for their elimination. If such malfunctions as fuel leakage or air leakage in the power system connections are established, tighten the fasteners or replace the gaskets. Clogging of the filter of the receiving tube of the fuel tank, fine and coarse filters and the carburetor strainer requires the removal of filters and their filter elements. They are replaced with new ones, and in some cases they are washed in a bath of unleaded gasoline, using a hair brush, blown with compressed air and installed in place. When assembling the filters, the condition of the gaskets is monitored. Damaged gaskets are replaced. Clogged fuel lines are disconnected from the fuel pump and purged with a tire pump.

In a faulty fuel pump, a damaged diaphragm, a diaphragm spring that has lost its elasticity, or a worn drive lever are replaced. If the diaphragm disks are damaged on the way, the fastening nut is released and, having lubricated the disks with soap, install them so that the damage points do not coincide. If the valves are leaking, the pump is disassembled, the valves are washed in gasoline and reinstalled. Worn valves are replaced.

When disassembling the carburetor, care must be taken not to damage the gaskets and parts. Jets, valves, needles and channels are washed with clean kerosene or unleaded gasoline. After washing, the jets and channels in the carburetor body are blown with compressed air. To clean jets, channels and holes, do not use hard wire or any metal objects. It is also not allowed to blow compressed air through the assembled carburetor through the inlet fitting and balancing hole, as this leads to damage to the float. To clean the parts of the carburetor from resins, they must be put into a solvent (acetone, benzene) for several minutes, and then thoroughly wiped with a clean rag soaked in the solvent. With an increase (as a result of wear) of the flow sections of the jets, they are replaced.

Malfunctions in the power supply system of the carburetor engine

About 50% of engine malfunctions are caused by malfunctions in the engine power system. A faulty fuel system significantly affects the power and efficiency of the engine. In most cases, the result of power system failures is the depletion or enrichment of the combustible mixture and fuel consumption increases by about 10%. If the float chamber is overfilled, the combustible mixture is significantly enriched and fuel consumption increases up to 20%.

Malfunctions leading to a lean combustible mixture:

– Low fuel level in the float chamber,

– Stopping the fuel supply to the carburetor,

– Clogged carburetor fuel jets,

– Intake of foreign air in the connections of the inlet pipeline with the cylinder head,

– Leakage of extraneous air in the connections of the inlet pipeline with the carburetor.

To determine the cause, it is necessary to check whether fuel is supplied to the carburetor. To do this, disconnect the fuel line from the carburetor and turn the engine crankshaft with a starter (with the ignition off) or a handle. From the fuel line, after two revolutions of the crankshaft, a strong jet of fuel should be ejected. If the fuel supply is insufficient, it is necessary to check the presence of fuel in the tank and, if necessary, blow out the fuel lines with compressed air, check the condition of the fuel pump and clean the fuel filters.

After making sure that the diaphragm of the fuel pump is not damaged and flushing the dirty filters and valves (with fuel) and blowing with compressed air, assemble the pump. In the absence of fuel supply and after assembly, it is necessary to hand over the pump to the workshop.

If the fuel supply is normal, it is necessary to blow the jets of the float chamber with compressed air and adjust the fuel level in the chamber.

Check the connections between the carburetor and the intake manifold and the intake manifold to the cylinder head for leaks. The check is carried out visually. Loose connections give themselves away as soot and the presence of traces of moisture from the fuel.

Faults that cause enrichment of the combustible mixture:

– Clogged air jet holes,

– High fuel level in the float chamber,

– Enlargement of the calibrated holes of the fuel jets,

– Clogged carburetor air filter,

- Incomplete opening of the carburetor air damper,

– Leakage of the economizer valve,

– Accelerator pump valve leak.

Troubleshooting measures:

- Check the flow capacity of the jets,

– Check the fuel level in the float chamber,

– Check the tightness of the economizer valves,

– Check the tightness of the accelerator pump valves,

– Check the condition of the air filter,

– Check the operation of the air damper.

Eliminate the detected malfunctions yourself or in a technical service workshop.

This text is an introductory piece. From the book Software Life Cycle Processes author author unknown

5.3.2 Analysis of system requirements This activity consists of the following tasks that the developer must perform or ensure their implementation: 5.3.2.1 The developer, if necessary, should perform a

From the book SOFTWARE OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS. General requirements for development and documentation author Gosstandart of Russia

From the book Identifying and Troubleshooting on Your Own in a Car author Zolotnitsky Vladimir

5.3.3 System requirements The developer should be involved in defining and documenting the requirements to be met by the system and the methods to be used to ensure that each requirement is met. The result of this work

From the book Repair of a Japanese car author Kornienko Sergey

Engine malfunctions Starter armature does not rotate when the ignition switch is turned on Starting system malfunctions Check the operation of the starter in one of three ways: 1. Make sure that the cable connections of the tips on the battery terminals are secure. release

From the book We service and repair the Volga GAZ-3110 author Zolotnitsky Vladimir Alekseevich

The engine exhaust is smoky. An increased volume of gases enters the engine crankcase Diagnosis of the engine by the color of smoke from the exhaust pipe Blue-white smoke - unstable engine operation. The working chamfer of the valve is burnt. Assess the condition of the gas distribution

From the book Trucks. Supply system author Melnikov Ilya

Malfunctions of the engine lubrication system Decrease in oil pressure at any crankshaft speed The oil pressure indicator or sensor is faulty. Make sure that the control lamp (oil pressure indicator) and the sensor are working. Disconnect the wire from the sensor

From the book How to Become a Genius [Life Strategy of a Creative Personality] author Altshuller Heinrich Saulovich

Engine malfunctions

From the book Fundamentals of Rational Nutrition author Omarov Ruslan Saferbegovich

Malfunctions of the engine lubrication system

From the book Very General Metrology author Ashkinazi Leonid Alexandrovich

General information about the power system The power system of automobile engines provides the supply of purified air and fuel to the cylinders. According to the method of mixture formation, carburetor and diesel engines have significant differences. In diesel engines cooking

From the author's book

Carburetor engine power system Mixing in carburetor-type engines occurs in special devices called carburetors. The carburetor distributes how much fuel to supply directly to the engine cylinders. To quality

From the author's book

Maintenance of the fuel supply system of the carburetor engine Daily check the power supply system to check its tightness and, if necessary, refuel the vehicle.– First and second maintenance (TO-1, TO-2).

From the author's book

Diesel engine power system Unlike carburetor engines, the cylinders of which are supplied with a ready-made combustible mixture from the carburetor, the combustible mixture in diesel engines is formed directly in the cylinders, where fuel and air are supplied separately. Fresh air

From the author's book

Malfunctions in the power supply system of diesel engines In the event of a malfunction in the power supply system, starting is difficult, engine power is reduced and fuel consumption increases, interruptions in the operation of cylinders, knocks occur, and exhaust smoke increases. Main

From the author's book

Appendix 1. About A.A. Lyubishcheva (to move 6-c, p. 166) 1. In 1974, the publishing house "Soviet Russia" published a small book by D. Granin "This Strange Life". The book was about the biologist Alexander Alexandrovich Lyubishchev. Since 1916 (Lyubishchev was then 26 years old) he began to lead

From the author's book

10. CULTURE OF NUTRITION OF A HEALTHY PERSON. DIETARY DIETARY Purpose: to get acquainted with the basic concepts of culture and dietary diet Nutrition culture is knowledge of: the basics of proper nutrition; properties of products and their effects on the body, the ability to choose them correctly and