Recently, there have been changes in the law and certain categories of vehicles have been introduced in those. regulations. The concept of the M1 category of a vehicle is increasingly of interest to people. The driver of a car, for example, will not immediately realize that according to those. according to the regulations, his car also belongs to this group.
Categories in tech. regulations are different from a driver's license. So, the following vehicles belong to the M1 group:
- Mopeds, motorbikes, mokiks.
- Motorcycles, scooters, tricycle.
- Quadricycles.
Moreover, they must all be equipped with an engine of no more than 50 cubic meters, and if an electric motor is used, the power cannot exceed 4 kW.
Also to M1 for those. the regulations include the M1 passenger car - on which passengers are transported no more than 8 people. The mass of the machine is not more than three and a half tons.
The concept of those regulations
It is a special documentation that regulates any product to check the quality standard. If we consider the field of machines, then it is used to establish requirements for those. inspection and obtaining a diagnostic card. Compliance with standards improves the quality of car inspection and increases traffic safety. For example, it was previously possible to carry out maintenance of an ATV and a quadricycle on equal terms. However, the ATV is not designed to move on the roads, so the conditions for them are different. Although their engines are often the same, as well as those. characteristics.
But a rigid division brings not only trouble, but also a big plus.
Classification
Let's present all types of vehicles in groups:
| Category | Group | Description |
| Category TC M1 | L1 |
Two wheel mopeds, mokiki, scooters. |
| L2 | Three-wheeled mopeds, mokiki, scooters. | |
| L3 |
Two wheeled Motorcycles, tricycles, motor scooters. |
|
| L4 | Sidecar motorcycle | |
| L5 |
Motor vehicles with symmetrical wheels. |
|
| L6 | four wheel motorcycle | |
| L7 | Passenger cars category m1 | |
| M2 | Trolleybuses, buses, trams. | |
| M3 | Trolleybuses, buses, trams weighing over 5 tons. | |
Video: Classification of vehicles according to the Technical Regulations
The requirements of the technical regulations are clearly taken into account when passing those. machine checks. This procedure is also carried out strictly in accordance with the law. It is required to identify faults and correct them, which helps to ensure safety on the road.
When carrying out those inspection is carried out:
- checking the machine itself;
- inspection of individual elements;
- check additional equipment.
The working condition must be checked, as well as:
- steering wheel play;
- operability of consecration devices and windshield wipers;
- brake system;
- composition of the first aid kit;
- degree of toning;
- the level of emissions of harmful substances.
Previously, after passing the MOT, a ticket was issued to the hands, which was attached to the windshield of the car. Now, if the vehicle check is successful, the owner will be given a diagnostic card. If violations are found, they will have to be eliminated and re-examined. Not all drivers are required to carry a card with them. However, when applying for an insurance policy, it is included in the package of required documentation.
Technical regulations are necessary for carrying out those. checks. It approved special categories for each type of vehicle, they are reflected in the diagnostic card. Depending on the category of the vehicle, the center sets the cost of the technical inspection service.
Improving road safety is a priority for public authorities. In order to improve the transport communication system, reduce the risk of road traffic and the accident rate of passenger and freight traffic, the Government of the Russian Federation, and in particular, its structural divisions headed by the Ministry of Transport, have developed a set of measures aimed at improving traffic conditions and raising the culture of driving citizens. The measures taken concern the development of the regulatory framework, the improvement of regulatory mechanisms, and the increase in responsibility for committed offenses.
According to the developers of specialized programs, active work in these areas will make it possible to achieve a reduction in negative indicators in terms of the total number of road accidents, the severity of their consequences, as well as cases of fatal accidents. Reducing mortality (including child mortality), improving the safety of freight transport and optimizing the processes associated with the organization of commercial transportation - all these are the most important project tasks, the achievement of the final goal depends on the quality of their solution.
Towards the safety of M2, M3, N2, N3 vehicles
One of the steps towards the implementation of the program was the ratification of the European Agreement concerning the work of the crew of vehicles. To a greater extent, the document affected cars of the category M1, M2, N1, N2, N3. After the signing of the agreement and the entry into force of its provisions on the territory of the Russian Federation, there were rules governing certain aspects of the organization of traffic. Thus, the changes affected the rules for the technical equipment of vehicles of a certain tonnage, performing intercity commercial transportation.
The normative act, which provides for the mandatory equipment of vehicles with on-board devices (tachographs) with the function of recording indicators on key traffic parameters, was released in 2013. Then the law on devices that record basic information about the movement of a car caused a lot of negative feedback and comments. However, after the start of operation of recorders, many owners of transport companies appreciated the benefits of tachographs for business.
The task of the control devices is to indicate the following characteristics of the movement of the machine:
pictures of changes in the speed regime throughout the entire route;
fixing the distance traveled along the established route;
time spent by the vehicle in automatic mode.
The data obtained using the tachograph helps to collect an information base that is critical for optimizing business processes.
Purpose of measuring instruments
Reduce the resource consumption of transportation: rationalize routes and increase control over fuel consumption.
Minimize the influence of the subjective factor - increase the responsibility of drivers, reduce the number of violations of traffic rules and the regime of work and rest of the driver of the vehicle.
Evaluate the professionalism of the employees of the transport company - check the quality of work, reliability and responsibility.
Reduce the total number of costs - by reducing the wear and tear of the car, reducing the number of accidents, protecting company cars from dishonest actions of employees of the organization (use of the vehicle for personal purposes, fuel manipulation).
The data obtained using the tachograph helps to collect an information base that is critical for optimizing business processes. In particular, the use of indicators measurement tools makes it possible to:
In accordance with the law, not all cars need to be equipped with metering devices. In addition to dimensions and tonnage, requirements are imposed on the purpose of transportation. So, if you have an M2 category car that you use exclusively for personal purposes and do not carry out commercial transportation on it, it is not necessary to equip the vehicle with tachographs - you are not a legal entity, which means you will not be able to register the device. On the other hand, in this case, you will have to prove to the traffic police that you are carrying out transportation for personal purposes, and are not engaged in private transportation.
By law, the following vehicles must be equipped with motion control devices:
Multi-seat vehicles M2 and M3 (more than 8 landing sites), performing passenger transportation.
Vehicles weighing no more than 15 tons, performing scheduled transportation between cities (N3).
For the absence of tachographs in these vehicles or the operation of a car with a non-functioning control device, administrative liability is provided - you will have to pay a cash contribution, the amount of which is established in accordance with the law. Exceptions relate to a breakdown on the flight, but this fact will have to be confirmed by evidence.
More about the types of vehicles: car category M1, M2, M3
This group includes passenger vehicles. Moreover, it includes not only multi-seat cars designed for commercial flights, but also small-sized cars with no more than 8 seats in the cabin (in addition to the driver's seat).
Signs of assignment to this group are the hull module - at least four wheels, and the purpose - the transportation of passengers.
Classification within a group
M1 - passenger cars used to transport people. In the cabin of this type of vehicle there should be no more than 8 passenger seats.
M2, M3 - trackless electric transport, buses, specialized technical devices that transfer people. A sign of the second group is the presence of more than 8 seats, and the maximum weight of the equipment should not exceed 5 tons. The third one is different in size - the curb weight of these machines is more than 5 tons.
Since January 1, 2017, a new regulatory document has been applied in Russia - the technical regulation of the Customs Union regarding the safety of road transport. In this regulation, updated requirements will be applied to the technical condition of wheeled vehicles. It is worth noting that this technical regulation has been in force for a long time, but not all motorists have used this document. This is due to the introduction of new vehicle categories that were not previously specified in the regulatory documents used. In addition, many drivers believe that the category of the vehicle is similar to the category of a driver's license. However, in reality this is not the case. To deal with this issue, first of all, it is worth deciding what road transport is.
What are the categories of road transport?
In accordance with the current SDA, a road vehicle is considered to be cars that have such overall parameters as a height of up to 4 meters from the road level, a length of up to 12 meters for a bus, trolleybus, truck, a length of up to 15-18 meters for articulated buses and trolleybuses , width up to 2.6 meters for vehicles equipped with isothermal bodies, width up to 2.63 meters for timber trucks, width up to 2.55 meters for other types of road transport, road train length up to 20 meters. The technical regulations of the Customs Union describe 4 main categories - L, M, N and O. The first category includes exclusively motor vehicles of 7 types. The correspondence of a subcategory to a certain type of transport is reflected in the table below.
Table - Types of vehicles of category L
| Category |
Type of road transport |
|---|---|
| L1 |
Mopeds, motorbikes |
| L2 |
Tricycle scooters |
| L3 |
Motorcycles, scooters, tricycles |
| L4 |
Three-wheeled motorcycles with wheels asymmetrically located relative to the longitudinal plane |
| L5 |
Three-wheeled motorcycles with wheels symmetrically located with respect to the longitudinal plane |
| L6 |
Quadricycles weighing up to 350 kg |
| L7 |
Quadricycles weighing up to 550 kg |
According to the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union TR TS 018/2011 "On the safety of wheeled vehicles"
Among other requirements for motor vehicles of this category, it is worth noting the restriction in the maximum permissible design speed (up to 50 km / h). In addition, the working volume of the motor should not exceed 50 cm³. With regard to the compliance of road transport categories with the type of driver's license, motor vehicles correspond to categories M (L1-L2), A (L3-L5) and B1 (L6-L7).
Vehicle category M refers to passenger vehicles with a total weight of 5,000 kg or less. The most common option is M1. This category includes all cars without exception. M2 is represented by trolleybuses, buses and other vehicles designed exclusively for passenger traffic. To classify road transport in this category, it must be equipped with more than 8 seats. The total mass of such a vehicle should not exceed 5000 kg. But the M3 includes the same road transport, but with a maximum permissible weight of more than 5000 kg.
The TS N category includes only freight road transport. Category N is divided into 3 subspecies - N1, N2 and N3. In the first case, such marking denotes road transport used for the transport of goods, the maximum mass of which does not exceed 3500 kg. It is customary to refer to N2 trucks with a maximum weight of up to 12,000 kg. Finally, the third category includes cargo vehicles, the technical capabilities of which allow the transportation of goods with a total mass of over 12,000 kg.
The last road transport category O includes trailers and semi-trailers with different maximum permissible masses. So, O1 is represented by trailers, the mass of which does not exceed 750 kg. O2 includes trailers, the technical characteristics of which allow transporting loads up to 3500 kg. Trailers with a maximum permissible mass equal to 10,000 kg are usually classified as O3. In the last 4th category, trailers weighing from 10,000 kg are presented.
Changes in the technical regulations of the customs union
In 2017, there were changes not only regarding the categories of road transport, but also the requirements for them. In particular, the new version of the technical regulation introduces mandatory requirements for the level of emissions of hybrid road vehicles of categories M and N, as well as vehicles of category M1 equipped with diesel and gas engines, as well as the noise level from the rolling resistance of tires of road vehicles of category M, N and about.
Conclusion
The technical regulation, created in order to preserve and protect the health of citizens, protect the environment, establishes the requirements for wheeled road transport intended for operation on public roads, and contains information about its categories. In accordance with them, driver's licenses are issued that give the right to drive a particular vehicle.
AA - sedan.
The body is closed, with or without a central pillar between the side windows. The roof is rigid, non-removable (part of it can be opened at the same time). Seat placement - at least four seats in at least two rows. Doors - two or four side; a back door is also allowed. Windows - at least four side windows.
AB - hatchback. AA sedan with an upward opening rear door.
AC - universal.
Body - closed. The shape of the rear of the body provides increased interior volume. The roof is rigid, non-removable (part of it can be opened at the same time). Seat placement - at least four seats in at least two rows. One or more rows of seats may be reclining forward or removable to form a loading platform. Doors - two or four side and back. Windows - at least four side windows.
Body - closed. The volume of the rear of the body, as a rule, is limited. The roof is rigid, non-removable (part of it can be opened at the same time). Seating arrangement - at least two seats in one or more rows. Doors - two side; a back door is also allowed. Windows - two or more side windows.
AE - convertible.
Body - with a removable or retractable roof. The roof is soft or hard, installed in at least two positions: in one position it closes the body, in the other it is retracted (tilted) back. Seating arrangement - at least two seats in one or more rows. Doors - two or four side. Windows - two or more side windows. ])
AF is a multi-purpose vehicle.
Power-driven vehicle, other than those marked with codes AA, AB and AC, intended for the carriage of passengers and their luggage or goods in one compartment. However, such a vehicle is not considered to be in category M 1 if it simultaneously meets the following requirements:
1) the number of seats, in addition to the driver's seat, does not exceed six.
A seating position is recognized as existing if the vehicle has available seat attachment devices.
Accessible refers to devices that can be used. In order to prevent fixtures from being “accessible”, the manufacturer must physically prevent their use, for example by welding plates on them or by installing permanent plugs on them that cannot be removed with conventional tools.
2) the condition
P – (M+N × 68) > N×68,
Where R- technically permissible maximum mass of a loaded vehicle, kg; M - weight of the equipped vehicle, kg; N- the number of seats in addition to the driver's seat.
2 Special purpose vehicles of category m1
SA - car-house;
SB - armored vehicle;
SC - medical care vehicle;
SD - car for funeral services (hearse).
1) Definitions of body types AA, AC, AB and AE - according to the international standard ISO 3833.
Improving road safety is a priority for public authorities. In order to improve the transport communication system, reduce the risk of road traffic and the accident rate of passenger and freight traffic, the Government of the Russian Federation, and in particular, its structural divisions headed by the Ministry of Transport, have developed a set of measures aimed at improving traffic conditions and raising the culture of driving citizens. The measures taken concern the development of the regulatory framework, the improvement of regulatory mechanisms, and the increase in responsibility for committed offenses.
According to the developers of specialized programs, active work in these areas will make it possible to achieve a reduction in negative indicators in terms of the total number of road accidents, the severity of their consequences, as well as cases of fatal accidents. Reducing mortality (including child mortality), improving the safety of freight transport and optimizing the processes associated with the organization of commercial transportation - all these are the most important project tasks, the achievement of the final goal depends on the quality of their solution.
Towards the safety of M2, M3, N2, N3 vehicles
One of the steps towards the implementation of the program was the ratification of the European Agreement concerning the work of the crew of vehicles. To a greater extent, the document affected cars of the category M1, M2, N1, N2, N3. After the signing of the agreement and the entry into force of its provisions on the territory of the Russian Federation, there were rules governing certain aspects of the organization of traffic. Thus, the changes affected the rules for the technical equipment of vehicles of a certain tonnage, performing intercity commercial transportation.
The normative act, which provides for the mandatory equipment of vehicles with on-board devices (tachographs) with the function of recording indicators on key traffic parameters, was released in 2013. Then the law on devices that record basic information about the movement of a car caused a lot of negative feedback and comments. However, after the start of operation of recorders, many owners of transport companies appreciated the benefits of tachographs for business.
The task of the control devices is to indicate the following characteristics of the movement of the machine:
pictures of changes in the speed regime throughout the entire route;
fixing the distance traveled along the established route;
time spent by the vehicle in automatic mode.
The data obtained using the tachograph helps to collect an information base that is critical for optimizing business processes.
Purpose of measuring instruments
Reduce the resource consumption of transportation: rationalize routes and increase control over fuel consumption.
Minimize the influence of the subjective factor - increase the responsibility of drivers, reduce the number of violations of traffic rules and the regime of work and rest of the driver of the vehicle.
Evaluate the professionalism of the employees of the transport company - check the quality of work, reliability and responsibility.
Reduce the total number of costs - by reducing the wear and tear of the car, reducing the number of accidents, protecting company cars from dishonest actions of employees of the organization (use of the vehicle for personal purposes, fuel manipulation).
The data obtained using the tachograph helps to collect an information base that is critical for optimizing business processes. In particular, the use of indicators measurement tools makes it possible to:
In accordance with the law, not all cars need to be equipped with metering devices. In addition to dimensions and tonnage, requirements are imposed on the purpose of transportation. So, if you have an M2 category car that you use exclusively for personal purposes and do not carry out commercial transportation on it, it is not necessary to equip the vehicle with tachographs - you are not a legal entity, which means you will not be able to register the device. On the other hand, in this case, you will have to prove to the traffic police that you are carrying out transportation for personal purposes, and are not engaged in private transportation.
By law, the following vehicles must be equipped with motion control devices:
Multi-seat vehicles M2 and M3 (more than 8 landing sites), performing passenger transportation.
Vehicles weighing no more than 15 tons, performing scheduled transportation between cities (N3).
For the absence of tachographs in these vehicles or the operation of a car with a non-functioning control device, administrative liability is provided - you will have to pay a cash contribution, the amount of which is established in accordance with the law. Exceptions relate to a breakdown on the flight, but this fact will have to be confirmed by evidence.
More about the types of vehicles: car category M1, M2, M3
This group includes passenger vehicles. Moreover, it includes not only multi-seat cars designed for commercial flights, but also small-sized cars with no more than 8 seats in the cabin (in addition to the driver's seat).
Signs of assignment to this group are the hull module - at least four wheels, and the purpose - the transportation of passengers.
Classification within a group
M1 - passenger cars used to transport people. In the cabin of this type of vehicle there should be no more than 8 passenger seats.
M2, M3 - trackless electric transport, buses, specialized technical devices that transfer people. A sign of the second group is the presence of more than 8 seats, and the maximum weight of the equipment should not exceed 5 tons. The third one is different in size - the curb weight of these machines is more than 5 tons.
