In 2017, Russia uses the technical regulation of the customs union on the safety of wheeled vehicles. This regulation consists in a regulatory document containing requirements relating to the technical condition of vehicles. At the moment, these requirements are verified through the state technical inspection of vehicles.
Although a certain time has passed since the entry into force of this document, not many drivers manage to use it in full. This happens mainly due to the introduction of new categories of transport into the technical regulations, which previously could not be found in the legal documentation. It is often quite difficult for an ordinary driver who constantly owns vehicles with category B to determine whether his car belongs to a particular category based on the new technical regulations.
This article reveals the issue of categories of vehicles of the new technical regulation and the belonging of certain vehicles to these categories.
First of all, it is necessary to understand that the state technical inspection is carried out to check the compliance of vehicles with certain safety requirements.
New categories of vehicles (vehicles)
The situation with scooters is quite simple:
If the scooter has two wheels, it falls under category L1;
- if the scooter has three wheels, it falls under category L2.
Motorcycles with two wheels are categorized as L3;
- asymmetric motorcycles with three wheels are classified as L4;
- symmetrical motorcycles with three wheels are classified as L5.
Categories L6 and L7 include vehicles that are allowed to be driven without a driver's license; this requires a tractor driver-driver's license with category A1.
The power of ATV engines is the difference between categories L6 and L7. The most powerful ATVs fall under the L7 category.
Passenger car categories
Based on this, the requirements of the technical regulations relating to passenger cars are contained directly in the paragraphs under category M1. It must be understood, however, that category M1 does not apply to goods vehicles of ordinary category B.
Categories of buses, trolleybuses and specialized passenger vehicles
Separation of passenger buses and trolleybuses is made into categories M2-M3 based on their mass. Accordingly, the usual category D belongs to the categories M2-M3.
Categories of trucks
The technical regulations allocate category N for trucks, in which, as in the case of buses, taking into account the mass of vehicles, they are divided into subcategories.
Trucks of ordinary category B (Gazelle, for example) in the technical regulations fall under category N1, and trucks of ordinary category C belong to categories N2-N3.
Trailer categories
All trailers and semi-trailers are combined into category O, which is also subdivided according to their maximum permissible weight.
Correspondence table for vehicle categories
For a simplified orientation in the technical regulation, among all its categories, a special table was compiled with the content of the relevant categories of traffic rules and the regulation itself. With the help of this table, you can determine the compliance of your car with a particular category.
Using this table will greatly facilitate the process of determining the category of your car that meets the technical regulations.
The general rolling stock of modern road transport now represents a fairly wide and diverse range of vehicles.
Each car is a unique vehicle in terms of purpose and general characteristics.
In order to effectively order and classify vehicles, a certain number of criteria have been adopted, which at the same time are the individual characteristics of each vehicle.
It is on the basis of these features that vehicles can be divided into groups that have common characteristics and properties.
To highlight the area of vehicles belonging to this category, "road transport" was established. This division has singled out from the whole range of cars those cars that are operated strictly on public highways.
Outside of this category are all other types of trackless transport, which, in terms of size and weight, are not intended for normal public use. This includes various types of quarry transport, all-terrain vehicles, mine tractors and airfield.
The current rules of the road for cars belonging to the category of vehicles provide for special overall parameters:
All these are the main parameters inherent in modern cars belonging to the category of road vehicles. Classification of vehicles by category is carried out by type, by purpose.
Classification of transport by type
At the moment, classification by type of car is increasingly used.. This is not just a distribution, but an official solution that is used in all regulatory papers and documents - state standards, traffic rules and so on.
At the same time, the classification is used in the registration process of modern vehicles.
The installed engine category is used as a general functional subdivision of vehicles.
On this basis, modern vehicles are divided into mechanical, equipped with an engine, as well as towed, which do not have such.
Mechanical and one or more towed cars are able to create a special combined tool. In the official language, it is called a road train.
This design consists of the leading vehicle itself and one or more trailers connected to it.
Modern mechanical vehicles can be divided into the following types:
- Standard cars.
- Motor vehicle means.
- Tractors.
Cars are modern mechanical vehicles driven by a specific source of energy. Among other important characteristics of modern cars can be noted:
- the presence of at least four wheels located on two axles;
- the vehicle is designed to travel on roads without rails;
- cars can be used both for the transport of goods and for the movement of people. From can be used to perform special work.
The term "cars" applies to vehicles whose engines are powered by direct electric current flowing through an overhead contact network, if these are trolleybuses. It can also be special three-wheeled vehicles, the total mass of which is not more than 400 kg.
The total curb weight includes the weight of such elements as:
- Gross shipping weight of the vehicle.
- Coolant volume.
- Weight of lubricants.
- Weight of washer fluid.
- The weight of the fuel, i.e. the tank filled to at least 90% of the specified nominal volumetric capacity.
- Weight of spare wheels, fire extinguishers, tools and spare parts.
Modern motor vehicles are special single-track two-wheeled mechanical vehicles.
As for tractors, these are mechanical vehicles that are used to implement traction or pressure force by means of equipment securely mounted in it.
Modern towed vehicles can be divided into trailers and semi-trailers..
In the first case, these are vehicles that do not have an engine or load, in which the vertical load is transmitted to the entire supporting surface through the installed wheels. Trailers are designed to be towed by cars.
Semi-trailers are the same trailers that, due to their design features, are intended for use simultaneously with a truck tractor. In this case, part of the total weight is transferred to the tractor via the fifth wheel hitch.
Classification of cars by category
Modern classification of cars into categories is more accurate and clear. This form of allocation is fully in line with the UNECE General Consolidated Resolution of the Automobile Division.
On the basis of this qualification, special regulatory legal acts are presented to all vehicles. The division into categories is carried out as follows.
Vehicle categories according to the technical regulations L, M, O, deserves special attention. These are mechanical vehicles that have four or more wheels. Category O includes trailers and semi-trailers, which are also divided into certain categories.
The division into category data in the table is as follows:
| Category subdivision | Characteristics |
| L1 | A modern two-wheeled vehicle, where the engine capacity does not exceed 50 cm3, and the maximum speed reaches 50 km/h |
| L2 | Three-wheeled vehicle with different wheel positions. The engine capacity for internal combustion does not exceed 50 cm3, and the maximum speed level does not exceed 50 km / h |
| L3 | Motorcycles or two-wheeled vehicles with a 50 cc engine and a maximum speed of 50 km/h or less |
| L4 | Motorcycles with a sidecar, that is, a vehicle equipped with three wheels. The engine has a power of 50 cm3, and the maximum speed in the calculation exceeds 50 km / h |
| L5 | Vehicles category tricycles. Their wheels are located symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal plane. Engine speed and displacement parameters are standard here |
| L6 | Lightweight quad bikes with four wheels. The unloaded mass of these vehicles does not exceed 350 kg. This does not take into account the weight of the batteries. Estimated maximum speed level does not exceed 50 km/h |
| L7 | ATVs, that is, four-wheeled vehicles, the mass of which ranges from 400-550 kg. The engine power of these vehicles does not exceed 15 kW |
| M1 | Vehicles used to transport passengers |
| M2 | Vehicles that carry passengers or small cargo up to 5 tons |
| M3 | Vehicles capable of carrying a load of more than 5 tons |
| N1 | Means used to transport cargo weighing up to 3.5 tons |
| N2 | Vehicles designed for the transport of goods. The maximum weight in this case can be more than 3.5 tons, but should not exceed 12 tons |
| N3 | Vehicles designed for the carriage of goods, the maximum mass of which may be slightly more than 12 tons |
| O1 | Trailers up to 0.75 tons |
| O2 | Structures, more by weight than 0.75 tons, but not more than 3.5 tons |
| O3 | Trailers, the maximum mass of which may exceed 3.5 tons, but not more than 10 tons |
| O4 | Trailers weighing more than 10 tons |
All modern cars are divided into signs according to their main purpose. Vehicles are used for the transport of passengers or for the transport of goods in the form of special equipment.
There are two main categories of cars:
- passenger;
- intended for the transport of goods.
Modern passenger cars are means of transportation, the design and equipment of which are designed to carry a certain number of passengers and luggage. This provides passengers with a high level of comfort and optimum safety.
If the number of passenger seats in a car does not exceed nine along with the driver's seat, this is a passenger car, if the number of seats is more than nine, then this is already a bus.
Trucks are vehicles whose chassis are used to transport special construction equipment - aerial platforms, truck cranes or drilling rigs. Also, a special cargo can be transported - a concrete mixer and tank trucks.
Modern trucks are equipped with special means of loading and unloading, which makes them more functional.
For transportation of cargo, special tractors can be used - simple or truck. They perform their function by towing semi-trailers and simple trailers.
Among the most popular means of transportation are:
- single-decker buses with a total number of seats not exceeding 17, including the driver's seat. These are modern minibuses;
- a vehicle that, by its equipment and design, is intended for the carriage of goods and passengers. There are combined vehicles - cargo-passenger;
- trailers designed for use in normal road conditions. They can be used as mobile living quarters.
In this case, the calculation of the number of passenger seats deserves special attention.. Such places are taken into account only if they have special fasteners.
Fasteners accessible to the passenger include mechanisms that are used strictly to install seats. Particular attention is paid to the method of their fastening.
Metal bases in this case must be carefully welded, it is important to completely exclude the possibility of their removal using standard tools.
Vehicles can be divided into types not only by general purpose, but also by special categories. Here special letters are used.
Conclusion
The division of vehicles into categories and subcategories is very important. During the state technical inspection, situations often arise when it is required to establish an exact correspondence between categories and types of cars.
All data are verified with the information entered in the registration database of the traffic police.
What categories are vehicles divided into after recent changes in the law? Categories, first of all, allow you to determine the characteristics of the car. Trained people will check their compliance at the technical inspection. To avoid problems, you need to know which category your car belongs to. Based on this, you will know if your license is suitable for driving.
The amount of tax that every citizen who owns a car depends on the category of your car. In addition, the cost of maintenance will depend on the category of the vehicle. The difference between the categories will be quite significant. Therefore, before buying a car, you need to consider this fact.
Category "Lx"
- "L1"- a two-wheeled vehicle that does not develop more than 50 kilometers per hour. With an internal combustion engine installed, its volume should not exceed 50 cm3. And with the installed electric motor, its volume should not be more than 4 kW;
- "L2"- a three-wheeled vehicle, accelerating no more than up to 50 kilometers per hour. With installed internal combustion engine no more than 50 cm3 or electric motor no more than 4 kW. These categories include mopeds and motorbikes. It's pretty easy to tell them apart;
- "L3"- vehicles with a maximum permitted speed of over 50 kilometers per hour with any installed engine;
- "L4"- a vehicle with wheels symmetrically to the transport plane. The maximum speed is more than 50 kilometers per hour, and the engine capacity is over 50 cm3;
- "L5"- a symmetrical vehicle that accelerates over 50 kilometers per hour. The engine capacity is more than 50 cm3;
- "L6"- a four-wheeled vehicle, weighing no more than 350 kilograms. The mass of the battery is not taken into account. Vehicles must not exceed a speed of 50 kilometers per hour. In this case, the power of the internal combustion engine should not be more than 50 cm3, and the electric motor should not exceed 4 kW;
- "L7"- other four-wheeled vehicles not included in category L6, weighing not more than 400 kilograms. For trucks 550 kg without battery. The engine size should not exceed 15 kW.
Category "Mx"
- "M1"- the number of passenger seats - no more than eight. Usually this category has the greatest demand among citizens;
- "M2"- the number of passenger seats is more than 8, and the total weight does not exceed 5 tons;
- "M3"- the number of passenger seats is more than 8, and the total weight exceeds 5 tons.
The M1 category includes ordinary cars that almost every family has. The categories "M2" and "M3" denote trolleybuses or buses, which are divided depending on their mass. If it is less than 5 tons, then "M2", and if more, then "M3".
Category "Nx"
- "N1"- the total mass should not exceed 3.5 tons;
- "N2"- the maximum mass is more than 3.5 tons, but less than 12 tons;
- "N3"- maximum weight over 12 tons.
Category "Ox"
- "O1"- weighing no more than 0.75 tons;
- "O2"- weighing more than 0.75 tons, but less than 3.5 tons;
- "O3"- weighing more than 3.5 tons, but less than 10 tons;
- "O4"- weighing more than 10 tons.
Category "T"
Agricultural and forestry tractors are suitable for this category. Such a vehicle has a wheeled or caterpillar drive, as well as at least 2 axles. Traction effort is intended for towing or transportation of equipment or other goods necessary for forestry and agriculture. It is also possible to transport service personnel in the tractor.
Category "G"
Compliance with vehicle categories and rights
Often drivers are trying to find out what category of rights you need to have to drive a particular vehicle.
- to drive a passenger transport category "M1" will require the designation "B". Citizens for daily driving a car have enough of this category of rights. It is important to know that the category "M1" does not include trucks that fall under the designation "B" on the rights;
- you can drive vehicles of category "M2" and "M3" with a driver's license with the designation "D";
- vehicles that fit the category "N1" can be driven with the common designation "B" on the driver's license;
- for the operation of cars "N2" and "N3" category "C" is needed;
- you can drive a car with a trailer weighing no more than 750 kilograms, having the usual category “B”;
- and for the categories "O1", "O2", "O3" the designations "E" to "B", "E" to "C" and "E" to "D" are suitable;
- to drive a vehicle of category “L1” - “L2”, category “M” on the driver's license is required;
- you can drive a vehicle of category “L3” - “L5” with the designation “A”;
- it is possible to legally drive a vehicle "L6" - "L7" by owning the category "B1".
When choosing your vehicle, be sure to check whether you have the ability to drive it. This can be done by looking at the designations that are on the driver's license. If your category does not allow you to drive a certain vehicle, then its operation in the future may lead to the deprivation of a driver's license. Given such a serious punishment, this moment must be taken extremely seriously. Remember, you can also get punished if you transfer your vehicle to a citizen whose category of rights does not allow you to drive this car.
Which is used for the transport of passengers and has, in addition to the driver's seat, no more than 8 seats ... "
Source:
DECISION of the Council of Deputies of the urban settlement of Krasnogorsk of the Krasnogorsk municipal district of the Moscow Region of April 23, 2009 N 414/43
"ON APPROVAL OF THE REGULATIONS ON THE PROCEDURE FOR THE PROVISION OF TRANSPORT SERVICES AND THE ORGANIZATION OF TRANSPORT SERVICE FOR THE POPULATION IN THE URBAN SETTLEMENT OF KRASNOGORSK"
Official terminology. Akademik.ru. 2012 .
See what "Vehicle category M1" is in other dictionaries:
A vehicle that is used to transport passengers and has, in addition to the driver's seat, no more than 8 seats; ... Source: Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 02/14/2009 N 112 (as amended on 09/07/2011) On the approval of the Transportation Rules ... ... Official terminology
A vehicle that is used to transport passengers, in addition to the driver's seat, has more than 8 seats and the maximum mass of which does not exceed 5 tons; ... Source: Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 14.02. Official terminology
A vehicle that is used to transport passengers, in addition to the driver's seat, has more than 8 seats and a maximum weight of more than 5 tons ... Source: Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 02/14/2009 N 112 (ed. from ... ... Official terminology
A vehicle that is used to transport passengers, in addition to the driver's seat, has more than 8 seats and a maximum mass of which does not exceed 5 tons ... Source: DECISION of the Council of Deputies of the urban settlement of Krasnogorsk ... ... Official terminology
A vehicle that is used to transport passengers, in addition to the driver's seat, has more than 8 seats and a maximum weight of more than 5 tons ... Source: DECISION of the Council of Deputies of the urban settlement of Krasnogorsk ... ... Official terminology
M2 or M3 category vehicle- Single-deck vehicle of category M2 or M3, designed and equipped for the carriage of seated or seated and standing passengers, with a capacity of not more than 22 persons. These vehicles are divided into two classes: class A; ... ... Technical Translator's Handbook
vehicle- 2.1 vehicle: A single deck vehicle designed and equipped to carry more than 22 passengers. There are three classes of vehicles. It is allowed to use the vehicle in more than one ... ... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation- This term has other meanings, see Ladoga. Highly protected vehicle "Ladoga" Classification highly protected vehicle / heavy KShM Combat weight, t 42 Crew, pers. 2 Landing, pers. 4 ... Wikipedia
Improving road safety is a priority for public authorities. In order to improve the transport communication system, reduce the risk of road traffic and the accident rate of passenger and freight traffic, the Government of the Russian Federation, and in particular, its structural divisions headed by the Ministry of Transport, have developed a set of measures aimed at improving traffic conditions and raising the culture of driving citizens. The measures taken concern the development of the regulatory framework, the improvement of regulatory mechanisms, and the increase in responsibility for committed offenses.
According to the developers of specialized programs, active work in these areas will make it possible to achieve a reduction in negative indicators in terms of the total number of road accidents, the severity of their consequences, as well as cases of fatal accidents. Reducing mortality (including child mortality), improving the safety of freight transport and optimizing the processes associated with the organization of commercial transportation - all these are the most important project tasks, the achievement of the final goal depends on the quality of their solution.
Towards the safety of M2, M3, N2, N3 vehicles
One of the steps towards the implementation of the program was the ratification of the European Agreement concerning the work of the crew of vehicles. To a greater extent, the document affected cars of the category M1, M2, N1, N2, N3. After the signing of the agreement and the entry into force of its provisions on the territory of the Russian Federation, there were rules governing certain aspects of the organization of traffic. Thus, the changes affected the rules for the technical equipment of vehicles of a certain tonnage, performing intercity commercial transportation.
The normative act, which provides for the mandatory equipment of vehicles with on-board devices (tachographs) with the function of recording indicators on key traffic parameters, was released in 2013. Then the law on devices that record basic information about the movement of a car caused a lot of negative feedback and comments. However, after the start of operation of recorders, many owners of transport companies appreciated the benefits of tachographs for business.
The task of the control devices is to indicate the following characteristics of the movement of the machine:
pictures of changes in the speed regime throughout the entire route;
fixing the distance traveled along the established route;
time spent by the vehicle in automatic mode.
The data obtained using the tachograph helps to collect an information base that is critical for optimizing business processes.
Purpose of measuring instruments
Reduce the resource consumption of transportation: rationalize routes and increase control over fuel consumption.
Minimize the influence of the subjective factor - increase the responsibility of drivers, reduce the number of violations of traffic rules and the regime of work and rest of the driver of the vehicle.
Evaluate the professionalism of the employees of the transport company - check the quality of work, reliability and responsibility.
Reduce the total number of costs - by reducing the wear and tear of the car, reducing the number of accidents, protecting company cars from dishonest actions of employees of the organization (use of the vehicle for personal purposes, fuel manipulation).
The data obtained using the tachograph helps to collect an information base that is critical for optimizing business processes. In particular, the use of indicators measurement tools makes it possible to:
In accordance with the law, not all cars need to be equipped with metering devices. In addition to dimensions and tonnage, requirements are imposed on the purpose of transportation. So, if you have an M2 category car that you use exclusively for personal purposes and do not carry out commercial transportation on it, it is not necessary to equip the vehicle with tachographs - you are not a legal entity, which means you will not be able to register the device. On the other hand, in this case, you will have to prove to the traffic police that you are carrying out transportation for personal purposes, and not doing private transportation.
By law, the following vehicles must be equipped with motion control devices:
Multi-seat vehicles M2 and M3 (more than 8 landing sites), performing passenger transportation.
Vehicles weighing no more than 15 tons, performing scheduled transportation between cities (N3).
For the absence of tachographs in these vehicles or the operation of a car with a non-functioning control device, administrative liability is provided - you will have to pay a cash contribution, the amount of which is established in accordance with the law. Exceptions relate to a breakdown on the flight, but this fact will have to be confirmed by evidence.
More about the types of vehicles: car category M1, M2, M3
This group includes passenger vehicles. Moreover, it includes not only multi-seat cars designed for commercial flights, but also small-sized cars with no more than 8 seats in the cabin (in addition to the driver's seat).
Signs of assignment to this group are the hull module - at least four wheels, and the purpose - the transportation of passengers.
Classification within a group
M1 - passenger cars used to transport people. There should be no more than 8 passenger seats in the cabin of this type of vehicle.
M2, M3 - trackless electric transport, buses, specialized technical devices that transfer people. A sign of the second group is the presence of more than 8 seats, and the maximum weight of the equipment should not exceed 5 tons. The third one is different in size - the curb weight of these machines is more than 5 tons.
