“Naberezhnye Chelny is the second largest city in the Republic of Tatarstan with a population of over 522 thousand people, located on the Kama River. The active development of the city began in the 1960s, when the Nizhnekamsk hydroelectric power station was built, and then the all-Union construction of the giant KamAZ plant began. These factors led to a sharp increase in the city's population, large-scale construction of housing and urban infrastructure,” says Slava Stepanov.
(Total 29 photos)
During the construction of the city, Soviet architects laid down a competent engineering and transport infrastructure, thought out insolation, aeration, and green areas. Naberezhnye Chelny for a long time became one of the centers of urban development not only in the southeast of Tatarstan, but in a certain sense throughout the Soviet Union.
6. In 1982-1988 the city bore the name of the former head of the USSR L.I. Brezhnev, after which the historical name was returned to the city.
The mark of the upper level of this house, if we take the expanse of the Baltic as a reference point, is 207.9 meters from sea level. From which it follows that the roof of this house "is the highest point of existing capital construction projects in the Republic of Tatarstan."
According to an established tradition in Naberezhnye Chelny, residential microdistricts are designated as complexes. The city currently has dual addressing: each house has a street number (this address is written in the registration field in the passport) and the so-called building address (“address by complex”). This name has been preserved since the time of construction, when a separate construction team was engaged in each microdistrict, building several residential buildings and household buildings at the same time - a school, a kindergarten, a store - that is, a full-fledged residential complex. It is not customary in Naberezhnye Chelny to name an address by a street name, so sometimes residents do not know their street address.
The city has an interesting layout and road system: there are practically no left turns at intersections, and the roads themselves are made very wide, which significantly reduces possible traffic jams.
One of the largest enterprises in the Republic of Tatarstan, it ranks 9th among the world's leading manufacturers of heavy trucks.
17. The construction of the plant required the investment of huge resources, an extensive material base was formed for the enterprise from scratch, production facilities were built, and all the necessary infrastructure was created for the employees of the enterprise. Despite all these factors, according to some sources, all the costs of building a giant enterprise paid off in the first 8 years.
18. KamAZ produces more than 40 models of trucks in more than one and a half thousand configurations.
About 200 cars roll off the assembly line per day. By 2020, the plant plans to launch 100,000 vehicles annually from the assembly line.
A single production complex covers the entire technological cycle of production - from the development, manufacture, assembly of vehicles and components to the sale of finished products and service support.
21. Since 2010, the plant has started producing agricultural and road construction equipment under the CNH (Case New Holland) trademark.
22. But already in 2013, KamAZ decided to withdraw from this project as part of the strategy of “getting rid of non-core assets”.
Published: November 4, 2010KAMAZ
JSC "KAMAZ"(English) KAMAZ) (Kam sky A car h avod) is a Russian automotive company, the largest complex of enterprises in Russia and the CIS for the production of heavy vehicles, tractors, diesel engines and components, located in Naberezhnye Chelny (Tatarstan, Russia).
It is one of the top 10 heavy truck companies in the world and ranks 8th in the world in terms of diesel engine production.
OJSC KAMAZ is a full-cycle automotive production uniting metallurgical, forging, press-frame, mechanical assembly, special machine building and tool production with all the necessary power and auxiliary facilities as part of 16 specialized plants in the Russian Federation and CIS countries, 9 of them - in Naberezhnye Chelny. In addition to development and production, the company is engaged in the service of trucks and cars, domestic and foreign trade and other activities.
The main production facilities of the plant are located in the industrial zone of Naberezhnye Chelny.
Story
Planning
In the 1960s, the economy of the USSR needed an increase in the fleet of trucks, especially modern types with a payload of 8 to 20 tons with a more economical diesel engine. Existing car factories could not fill this need.
In August 1969, the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR adopted a number of documents, including Decree No. 674 of August 14, 1969 "On the construction of a complex of automobile plants in Naberezhnye Chelny of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic." Factories were supposed to specialize in the production of heavy vehicles only. The construction of factories in this place was facilitated by the location of the city - in the center of the country, the presence of the navigable rivers Kama and Volga, the proximity of the railway - made it possible to provide the future auto giant with building materials, raw materials, equipment and components. According to the original project, it was supposed to produce 150,000 heavy vehicles and 250,000 engines per year.
Construction of factories and city
Already on December 13, 1969, excavator Mikhail Noskov took out the first bucket of earth at the industrial site of the future auto giant on the Kama. Construction and installation work began in February 1970, and by the end of the year, the first cubic meters of concrete were laid in the foundation of the first-born KAMAZ - the Repair and Tool Plant, as well as the gray and ductile iron buildings of the Foundry.
The pace of construction of the plant complex increased. In the early 70s, KamAZ was declared a shock Komsomol construction site. During 1970-1981, capital investments in the amount of 4.2 billion rubles were mastered. (including for construction and installation work - 1.8 billion rubles) and introduced fixed production assets in the amount of 3.9 billion rubles. (which is equal to their cost at ZIL, GAZ, VAZ combined).
The total unfolded area of buildings and structures of the complex amounted to 3343 thousand m² (as of January 1, 1991, it was completed to 3826 thousand m² or 81% of the project).
More than 30 thousand units of the most modern technological equipment were installed at the plants of the complex, including 20 thousand production units worth over 2 billion rubles, half of which was imported. Over 81% were equipment operating on an automatic and semi-automatic cycle, including about 700 automatic, flow-mechanized and complex-mechanized lines. More than 700 foreign firms from 19 European countries (CMEA and Western Europe), the USA, Canada, and Japan, 2000 factories from 500 cities of the Soviet Union took part in equipping KamAZ.
In parallel, the construction of the New City of Naberezhnye Chelny was going on. The first 12-storey residential building for the pioneers of KamAZ was commissioned in 1971. It was planned to increase the population of the city dozens of times - from a little less than thirty thousand to half a million people. This meant conducting a kind of large-scale social experiment - comfortable housing, medical and educational institutions, sports facilities and cultural institutions, as well as the adjacent infrastructure, were built at a grandiose pace. Up to 40 thousand people annually replenished the city in the late 1970s-1980s.
Design and launch of production
The technical design of KamAZ was developed by the Giproavtoprom Institute and the KamAZ Project Department together with leading enterprises and organizations of the USSR: the Promstroyproekt Institute of the USSR State Construction Committee and Giprodvigatel (Yaroslavl).
Also, foreign firms were involved in the design of individual production facilities: Swindell - Dressler (Pittsburgh, USA) - technological and special parts of the foundry, Renault (France) - engine plant project, Liebherr (Stuttgart, Germany) - production of gearboxes.
The design of the first generation of vehicles and engines KAMAZ 5320 is based on the promising family of vehicles ZIL-170 (6x4) and ZIL-175 (4x2) developed by Moscow Automobile Plant. I. A. Likhacheva and the Yaroslavl Motor Plant in 1967-1969.
In 1974, the first engine was assembled in the experimental workshop. A year later, using temporary technology, they began assembling power units.
Car production
The first KamAZ vehicle rolled off the main assembly line on February 16, 1976 - the onboard KAMAZ-5320. And at the end of the year, on December 29, the Minister of the Automobile Industry of the USSR V.N. Polyakov approved the act on commissioning the first stage of the Kama complex of plants for the production of heavy trucks, previously signed by the state commission.
The plan approved for the year (15,000 cars) was completed ahead of schedule - in October 1977 (on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the Great October Revolution), and overfulfilled in a year by almost a third (22,000).
Already in June 1979, the 100,000th truck rolled off the main assembly line. The growth of production at KamAZ is breaking world records and is unprecedented for the USSR.
In February 1981, the capacities of the second stage of KamAZ were put into operation.
In the tenth year of production (in 1987), a line for the production of small cars "Oka" was created. The first car ("Oka-VAZ-1111") was released already on December 21 (in 1994 a whole Plant for the production of small cars "Oka").
In 1988, a financial and economic study of the enterprise was carried out. According to experts, since the beginning of the production of KamAZ vehicles, the Soviet Union has received about 8 billion rubles from their operation alone. transport profit. That is, in the first ten years of operation, KamAZ fully justified all the investments associated with its construction. Making up a third of the country's truck fleet, KamAZ vehicles transported up to two thirds of all goods transported by road.
In 1990, one of the first joint-stock companies of the RSFSR and the Soviet Union, OJSC KAMAZ, was created on the basis of KamAZ plants.
1993 fire
On April 14, 1993, a fire started at engine factory KAMAZ. It covered the entire enterprise, destroying the main production building and the most sophisticated technological equipment. The engine plant was completely destroyed.
The damage to the automotive industry in Russia was enormous, with the support of the government of Tatarstan and the Russian Federation, the enterprise managed to gradually restore the production capacity of 100 thousand engines, as well as put into operation the latest technological equipment for the production of power units. In December 1993, the engine plant started producing again.
KAMAZ in the 1990s
In the 1990s, due to a general decline in production in Russia and financial difficulties, an unfavorable economic situation developed at KAMAZ plants. Huge capacities were actually idle, which is why, first of all, the population of the city suffered, since KAMAZ has always been a city-forming enterprise.
By the end of the 1990s, through the efforts of the company's management, with the support of the governments of Russia and Tatarstan, it was possible to convert the debt of the association in the amount of 1 billion US dollars into the company's shares, restore production after a fire at the engine plant, master the production of new truck models and break even.
On August 30, 1999, the 1,600,000th heavy truck rolled off the KAMAZ assembly line. The engine plant produced by that time 2 million diesel engines.
In 2001, for the first time in seven years, KAMAZ made a profit of fifty-seven million rubles.
KAMAZ in the early 2000s
In 2005, a controlling stake in OAO ZMA (a small car plant that produced Oka cars) was sold to the Severstal-Avto group.
In 2006, the KAMAZ-master team won the Dakar off-road rally for the seventh time (fifth time in a row). For improving the quality of production, KAMAZ (new engines comply with Euro-3 international environmental standards) is the only one among the representatives of the machine-building industry that received in 2006 the Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of quality.
In 2007, KAMAZ produced 52,650 trucks, 63,200 engines and power units - this was a record for the years following the fire. The 1.8 millionth car rolled off the assembly line (since the start of production 30 years ago). Despite the insufficient number, but given the complication of production technology and the transition to new standards, it was announced that the level of loading of car production in the Soviet era had been reached.
In the same year, a record number of KAMAZ vehicles for the entire history of exports was sold on foreign markets - 13444 units. By the Decree of the President of Russia, the General Director of KAMAZ OJSC S. A. Kogogin was awarded the Order of Friendship.
In 2008, the Machine-Building Educational Cluster KAMAZ-KSTU (KAI) was created - a joint project of KAMAZ OJSC and KSTU im. A. N. Tupoleva aimed at training technical personnel for KAMAZ.
Name history
Open Joint Stock Company "KAMAZ" was established on August 23, 1990 through the transformation of the Production Association "KAMAZ" of the Ministry of Automobile and Agricultural Engineering of the USSR into open joint stock company in accordance with the Decree Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 616 of June 25, 1990. It became one of the largest enterprises in the USSR.
Previously, the company's name has changed several times:
- In 1969-1973 - it was called Kama Automobile Plant - Directorate of the Kama Automobile Plant(used two names equally);
- Since 1973 - Kama complex of factories for the production of heavy vehicles;
- Since 1976 - Production association "KamAZ"
Since 1973, KAMAZ OJSC has owned the trademarks KAMAZ and KAMAZ, and since 1987, the combined trademark KAMAZ with the image of a wild steppe horse (Argamak). These trademarks are recognized as well-known in the territory of the Russian Federation by decisions of the Chamber for Patent Disputes of the Federal Service for Intellectual Property, Patents and Trademarks, starting from December 31, 1999.
The previously used name "KamAZ" is no longer used. For example, at present, both the brand name and car brands on products are written in uppercase, for example: “KAMAZ-43114 flatbed tractor”.
Group structure
OJSC KAMAZ has more than 110 subsidiaries and affiliates, owns shares in the authorized capital of more than 50 different companies and enterprises. Together they form the "KAMAZ Group"
We flew from Moscow in the evening on a small plane to Nizhnekamsk. Everyone is fine, but there is not enough space in it) For us, rather big guys ..)
But it's not that important though. We flew quickly, and after a couple of hours we were accommodated in the Kamaz hotel. A little sleep and go to production
Initially, we arrived at the assembly shop. Cabins are assembled here and the main assembly line is also located here.
It is necessary to tell a little about the plant itself.
Today, the Kamaz Group of Companies is the largest corporation in the Russian Federation. In fact, no production can compete with Kamaz in Russia. There is, of course, the Urals, but objectively speaking, it is "sharpened" for a slightly different segment.
If we talk about the CIS, then MAZ is a clear competitor here.
Kamaz is a single production complex and covers the entire technological cycle of production of trucks - from the development, manufacture, assembly of vehicles to the sale of products and service support
In Naberezhnye Chelny there are foundry and forging plants, an engine plant, an automobile, repair and tool plant.
At the moment, about 55 thousand people work in divisions and subsidiaries
We're heading to the cabin assembly line.
220 units roll off the assembly line per day
Well, this is what the main panel in the car looks like today
Let me tell you what impressed me.
Firstly, the approach to the components and parts themselves has changed qualitatively.
If earlier the products were packed haphazardly and also stored, today they pay special attention to packaging and storage. And you will no longer see panels piled up in a heap or glasses superimposed on each other, of which a good half will be transferred.
Although, however, this can also be seen .. but perhaps on a stand with photographs, which shows how it was in 2008 and what has been achieved today
Workflow optimization and quality improvement are given increased attention here. It is unusual to see, for example, stands of problems or sheets of ideas.
Meanwhile, any of the workers can come up and write down what he cares about or bring in a rational idea.
Well, naturally the question arose. How does it resonate with employees? However, just look at the booth itself.
Helps and "spurs" the information board, on which each employee sees how many units of production have been produced and how much it needs to be pushed to meet the norm
It should be noted that a lot has been done at the plant for the recreation and cultural leisure of workers.
Well, for example, I saw such chess only in hotels or on personal plots
Here you can play a game in your free time. Moreover, there are also competitions.
Well, we are shifting to the assembly line
Exactly the same 220 pieces of equipment leave it per day
Well, here is the so-called "frontal place". But do not think that this is what the employees call it) It is rather our idea). In fact, meetings are held here every day at 10.00 and urgent issues and tasks are discussed.
And here is the finished car.
Handsome, do you agree?
There are posts like this all along the line. And they have red, yellow and blue buttons. Red is the worst. Pressed in case of detection of serious shortcomings.
The workshop is huge
In fact, in this photo we are located in the middle of it.
And the feeling that all the lines go to one point on the horizon
| Full title: | Kama Automobile Plant |
| Other names: | |
| Existence: | 1969 - present day |
| Location: | (USSR) Russia: Naberezhnye Chelny |
| Key Figures: | Sergey Kogogin - CEO. |
| Products: | Trucks, power units, buses. |
| The lineup: | Kamaz-4310 KAMAZ "Typhoon" KAMAZ-43114 KAMAZ-55111 |
Enterprise history.
In the mid-60s of the twentieth century, the need for heavy vehicles increased sharply in the Soviet Union. This was caused, firstly, by the growth of cargo turnover within the country. The country urgently needed equipment with a large carrying capacity, primarily road trains and dump trucks for transporting goods over long distances. Unfortunately, at that time, the bulk of the cars were cars with a carrying capacity of less than 8 tons, moreover, the service life of many of them had long since come to an end. Thus, the country has sharply raised the issue of organizing the production of new heavy vehicles. However, none of the existing car factories in the country could cope with this task. Therefore, the directives of the XXIV Congress of the CPSU indicated the need to create new car factories for the production of heavy vehicles in the Tatar ASSR.
The decision to build such a complex of factories in the city of Naberezhnye Chelny was made by a resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR already in mid-1969. This city was not chosen by chance. Its geographical location was the best suited for this role, primarily due to the close proximity to the city of the railway. An undoubted advantage was the presence of the organization "Kamgesenergostroy" - the largest diversified construction organization in the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and the entire Soviet Union. It was she who was entrusted with the construction of housing, factory facilities, as well as the construction of a dam and a hydroelectric power station. Over 100 thousand people who came from all regions of the vast country were involved in the construction to fulfill all the tasks set.
Start of construction of the plant.
The construction of a plant for the production of heavy vehicles began in the fall of 1969. In the presence of party and economic leaders, a concrete block was installed at the site of the future heavy-duty vehicle plant in the city of Naberezhnye Chelny, on which it was written: "The Kama Automobile Batyr will be built here." Thus, the beginning of the construction of the Tatar hero was marked (“batyr” is translated from Tatar as “hero”). The day when excavators first started working at the site of the future plant was December 14, 1969.
According to the plan, the factory complex was supposed to consist of seven production facilities that would be responsible for all stages of the production of heavy vehicles. This included foundry, forging, press-frame, repair and tool, aggregate, engine and car assembly production. The construction of the first of them - the Repair and Tool Plant and the Foundry Plant - began in the autumn of 1970. Some time after the construction of all the others, a mechanical repair plant and a small car plant were also built. All production was located on a vast territory of over three million square meters.
At the same time, much attention was paid to organizing the production of trailers for future cars of the new automobile plant. It was decided that the State Design Bureau in the city of Balashov would design trailers, and the design department of the Odessa Automobile Assembly Plant would design semi-trailers. At the same time, the construction of a plant began in Krasnoyarsk, which will produce trailers and semi-trailers for new heavy vehicles.
Such a scope of preparation was explained by the importance of the future of KAMAZ. It was planned that it would produce not only over 150,000 heavy vehicles, but also 250,000 diesel engines for installation in vehicles of other enterprises. They were planned to be used in the Urals, ZILs, as well as some series of buses. In order for the plant's products to meet all the tasks set, the issue of technological equipment was approached with all seriousness. The most modern equipment, including foreign ones, was used to equip the plant. Among the 700 foreign firms that supplied their equipment to the plant are such well-known corporations as Hitachi, Renault, Ingersoll Rand, Bush, Huller, and many others.
To decide on those projects for which the automotive industry will be carried out, not only factory, but also acceptance tests were carried out. So, for example, in order to create an experimental ZIL-170, 10 different modifications of cars were designed. Each of them was designed for weight up to 26.5t. State tests of experimental samples were carried out on many trances of the country. The Orel-Kyiv route was chosen to test road trains designed for the largest load (over 30 tons). Dump trucks ZIL-5510 and ZIL-53202 were tested on the Uglich-Rybinsk highway. Part of the experimental cars were driven near Moscow, using the Dmitrievsky training ground for this purpose. The main tests, of course, took place in remote and sparsely populated parts of the country: in Transbaikalia, the Tyumen region, as well as in the desert. In total, 40 experimental samples participated in the tests, which traveled over 4.5 million km.
Due to the fact that the plant was built under the auspices of the All-Union Komsomol Construction, its construction was completed much earlier than planned. Already in 1973, all the objects of the first stage were built, and in May of the following year, the first KAMAZ engine was produced in an experimental mode. The first N1 power unit was assembled at the end of 1975.
Official opening of the plant.
Officially, the opening of the plant was announced in 1976, after the State Commission of the USSR checked the readiness of the first stage of KAMAZ, at the same time the phrase "production association" appeared in the name of the enterprise.
February 16, 1976 is considered the date of production of the first truck of the Kama Automobile Plant. The production of cars at the plant went at an accelerated pace, ahead of annual plans. So, already in the autumn of 1977, 15,000 heavy vehicles were produced. The 100,000th anniversary truck rolled off the assembly line in the summer of 1979. A year and a half later, the 200,000th KAMAZ heavy truck was produced, and a year later, in March 1982, the 300,000th KAMAZ heavy-duty vehicle.
In the first years of the plant's existence, the bulk of production (43%) was represented by NefAZ dump trucks. The rest of the production volume was mainly distributed between flatbed vehicles (27%) and truck tractors (20%).
After the completion of the construction of the second stage of KamAZ in February 1981, it became possible to organize the production of new series of vehicles. Two years later, the production of a three-axle truck KamAZ-4310 was launched, and a little later, the production of two-axle trucks.
At the end of the 80s, the enterprise started the production of small cars "Oka". The first car "Oka-VAZ-1111" was released on December 21, 1987.
During the restructuring, KAMAZ tried to establish ties with foreign partners. Among the most successful attempts is the creation of a joint venture with DAF. The Dutch manufacturer supplied cabs for the Kama Automobile Plant, the dimensions of which were specially made taking into account the chassis of KAMAZ trucks. Despite the fact that an experimental batch of KAMAZ-5325 with Dutch cabs was successfully released, the cooperation did not last for a long time.
Privatization, which was gaining momentum in the country during perestroika times, did not bypass the KAMAZ production association, on the basis of which a joint-stock company was created.
An unforeseen circumstance - a fire in April 1993, which almost completely destroyed both the plant buildings and equipment - stopped the production of cars for a while. However, a large amount of material and human resources was thrown into the restoration of the enterprise, and already six months later the plant continued its work.
On the border of two centuries.
At the beginning of the new millennium, much attention was paid to the compliance of the plant's products with European environmental requirements, as a result of which a new Euro 3 engine was released. It was also decided to expand the production of Oka small cars and start production of KT-240K tractors and NEFAZ Tourist class buses.
The company also continued to work on establishing contacts with foreign partners. As a result of the work done, in 2005 a joint venture was established with Zaenradfabric, which produced gearboxes. In the same year, the Severstal group of companies acquired a controlling stake in OAO ZMA. A year later, the plant began assembling Cummins B engines for medium-duty trucks.
At present, KAMAZ OJSC is a modern harmoniously developing enterprise with a constantly increasing annual number of heavy vehicles produced. It includes 9 large factories located in the city of Naberezhnye Chelny. In addition, KAMAZ trucks are also assembled in other cities of Russia, as well as in other countries: Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Poland and Ethiopia.
