Combat operations in local conflicts and wars are characterized by armed confrontation between communications and technology. A set of technical and organizational measures is carried out to ensure the safe passage of columns along the established traffic routes. Increasing the protection of vehicles from enemy fire is one of such measures.
Armored vehicles "Ural-4320"
Military units of the Russian Armed Forces during the first Chechen campaign received a certain number of armored vehicles of this modification with local protection. The practical use of cars immediately received positive reviews, despite the imperfection of the design.
In the course of the second Chechen campaign and the counter-terrorist operations being carried out in the North Caucasus region, the experience gained was taken into account. The joint group of troops, including bodies and military units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation and troops of the Ministry of Defense, received a large number of armored "Urals-4320".
The same design of all machines affected the booking method, made according to a single model:
- The front of the car is completely closed on three sides.
- The driver's cab is protected by armor plates. Ordinary glass is being replaced with bulletproof glass blocks of a smaller size.
- The fuel tank and the main elements of the transmission are covered with armor plates.
- A box assembled from steel armor plates, open from above, is installed in the body. In the stern there is a double door, closed from the inside.
The armored "Urals" in Chechnya were operated without awnings and were painted in a monochromatic dark green color that had faded in the sun. In front of the armored boxes, machine-gun armament was often installed - heavy machine guns NSV "Utes" or 7.62-mm PKM.
Armored vehicles "Ural", equipped with round barbettes and made available to the military units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, were painted in a similar dark green shade that had faded in the sun. You can often find cars painted in a dark yellow solid color.
Typhoon family
Armored "Urals" "Typhoon" - a family of armored vehicles with a high level of protection, which was developed by 120 enterprises. As a result, three prototypes were produced - KamAZ-63968 "Typhoon-K", KamAZ-63969 "Typhoon" and, in fact, "Ural" -63095 "Typhoon-U".
According to the level of protection, armored vehicles belong to the MRAP class and are resistant to mines and improvised explosive devices based on high-explosive projectiles.
"Ural" -63095 "Typhoon"
Modular multifunctional armored vehicle of the MRAP category with protection against armor-piercing bullets of large caliber 14.5 mm, land mines, improvised explosive devices with a capacity of up to 8 kilograms in TNT equivalent and small arms. It can be used for biological, chemical, engineering and radiation reconnaissance, transportation of personnel (depending on the modification of the armored "Ural" - from 12 to 16 people, not counting the three crew members), sanitary purposes, reconnaissance, electronic warfare.
Specifications "Typhoon"
The car was built on the basis of a three-axle, frame, bonnet, all-wheel drive chassis. The total mass of the armored "Ural" according to the performance characteristics is 24 tons, the engine power is 450 horsepower. It is paired with a six-speed automatic transmission and a two-speed manual transfer case. An independent hydropneumatic suspension with the ability to adjust the clearance is installed. The tires are equipped with an automatic inflation system and anti-explosion inserts. Steering with two-way hydraulic booster.
A powerful engine and high ground clearance provide excellent cross-country ability: the Ural is able to overcome a ford 1800 centimeters deep, climb up to 60% and a vertical wall 0.6 meters high. Power reserve - up to 1800 kilometers thanks to two fuel tanks of 300 liters. The armor is combined, made of ceramics and steel, hinged and spaced. The combat module with remote control performs the role of weapons. Loopholes allow you to fire small arms.
A new series of armored Urals called "Pokémon" during the Chechen campaign was released by the Ural Automobile Plant in 2014. A demonstration of the equipment was held at a military parade in Moscow a year later. The Ural-63095 was supposed to enter service in 2014, but the event was postponed to 2015 for a number of reasons known only to the military.
Family "Tornado"
The Russian army has modernized Tornado-G launch rocket systems developed on the basis of the Ural-4320 chassis, created in 1977.
Repeated attempts were made to replace the chassis from the armored "Ural-4320" with modern designs. For example, in Belarus, on the basis of the MAZ-6317, the MLRS BM-21 "BelGrad" was created. The original chassis, produced by the Ural Automobile Plant, acquired the unified name "Tornado-U" and was specially developed for the "Tornado-S" and "Tornado-G" systems.
New "Tornado-U"
Demonstration of the armored vehicle of increased payload "Ural" -63704-0010 "Tornado-U" was held at the International Military-Technical Forum "Army-2015". In the official catalog of the Ural Automobile Plant, this model is not available due to its initial development for military purposes - the transportation of special equipment and weapons.
Specifications
The armored car is equipped with the same mechanical transmission and a two-stage transfer case with a locking center differential. Unlike the armored "Ural", the suspension on the "Tornado" is dependent, spring type. The brake system is dual-circuit, with ABS and pneumatic drive. The designers of the Ural plant confirm that only domestic components are used in the assembly of the Tornado-U. Thus, the plant producing armored glass for Ural Federal is Russian.
The main feature of the Tornado armored vehicle is a frame-panel cabin designed for three people and equipped with air conditioning, ventilation and heating systems. Additional protection of the fifth class according to GOST 50963-96 can be installed on the cab.
The carrying capacity of the armored "Ural" is 16 tons, curb weight - 30 tons, trailer weight - up to 12 tons. Equipped with a six-cylinder in-line diesel engine with a capacity of 440 horsepower. Clearance - 400 millimeters. The power reserve is 100 kilometers, the ability to overcome fords with a depth of 1.8 meters and climbs up to 60%.
Unique "BB"
The Ural-VV was developed by the Ural Automobile Plant, while the body for the car was created at the Steel Research Institute in Moscow.
The machine was built on the basis of the Ural-4320 chassis with the YAME-536 in-line engine, made in the classic style of the Ural plant. The design of the front panel is unified with the army "Typhoon", the front doors are sheathed with plastic.
Differentiated booking means protecting the windshield and windows according to the sixth class of GOST, the engine compartment - according to the third. Unlike the "Federal-M", the armor of the "BB" is weaker in terms of protection against explosions - it can withstand only two kilograms of TNT.
Features of the armored vehicle
An unusual constructive solution of the "BB" is a side reserve with a winch and a rear ladder leaning back with the help of a pneumatic cylinder, which can be unfolded manually. The engine and gearbox are covered with steel protection, which has shown its effectiveness during the use of armored Urals in Afghanistan and Chechnya.
The decorative hood of the car is made of fiberglass and limits the view. The engine is covered with bolted armor panels. The windshield weighs 350 kilograms, which makes it impossible to replace it in the field.
Specifications "Ural-VV"
The photos of the armored Urals-VVs that appeared after the International Technical Forum were commented on by representatives of the manufacturer. The machine was created on the basis of the Ural-4320 chassis, has a load capacity of 3 tons and a mass of 17.3 tons. The maximum weight of the towed trailer is no more than 12 tons. The maximum developed speed is 90 km / h.
Armored "Ural" is equipped with a YaMZ-6565 diesel engine with a capacity of 270 horsepower. Average fuel consumption is 34.5 liters per 100 kilometers at a speed of 60 km/h. The cruising range is 1100 kilometers thanks to large-capacity fuel tanks.
Paired with the engine is a mechanical transmission and a two-stage transfer case with a locking center differential. The main elements are equipped with a sealing system.
Armored truck "Federal-M"
The modernized chassis of the highly reliable vehicle "Ural"-4320 and one of its modifications - "Ural" -55571 - served as the basis for the creation of a new protected vehicle "Federal-M". Specialists of the Moscow enterprise "Institute of Special Equipment" conducted tests that confirmed the effectiveness of protection and the declared technical characteristics of the car.
"Federal-M" is designed to transport personnel with a high level of protection against small arms and explosive devices in conditions of any type of road.
Design features
The vehicle is armored using ODB-capsule (volumetrically differentiated armored capsule) technology, which provides crew protection and vehicle stability. Depending on the wishes of the customer, the number of doors in the case can vary from three to six. The double-leaf swing door of the stern ensures quick boarding and disembarkation of personnel. For the purpose of convenience, a platform and a retractable ladder are installed on the frame of the "Federal-M". The design of the swing door does not imply the presence of a central beam, which simplifies the loading and unloading of transported goods.
Class 5 ballistic protection is provided by armoring the ODB capsule. Car body glass, including windshield, provides protection according to class 6A in accordance with GOST R 50963-96. The level of ballistic protection can be increased by the manufacturer to class 6-6A by installing additional armor protection modules outside or inside the hull. Depending on the wishes of the customer, the engine compartment of the "Federal-M" can be equipped with hidden armor, which is associated with the specifics of the functioning of law enforcement agencies. One of its requirements is the absence of frightening or threatening elements in the design and appearance of the special equipment and vehicles used.
Salon booking
Specialists of the Institute of Special Equipment have developed anti-fragmentation and anti-ricochet protection of the interior based on aramid fabrics especially for the Federal-M car. Transported personnel can fire from regular weapons through lockable loopholes located in armored glass. Similar loopholes are located on the sides of the armored hull and the aft door. In total, the car is equipped with 17 loopholes, which allows you to fire at 360 degrees and makes it possible to repel an enemy attack from any direction.
The high concentration of powder gases during firing is leveled out thanks to the gas removal system: there are fans in the roof that operate in the injection and exhaust modes. Technological and ventilation hatches are used for a similar purpose. At the request of the customer, additional weapons can be installed on the mentioned hatches. A remote-controlled combat module, represented by an automatic grenade launcher or a machine gun, can be placed on the roof of the vehicle.
The bottom of the ODB-capsule is equipped with anti-mine "sandwiches" and is made in a V-shape, which increases the anti-mine protection of the vehicle. The floor surface is located at a height of 1.3 meters from the ground, which provides additional protection. In the cabin, anti-mine seats are installed, the development and testing of which was carried out by specialists from the Institute of Special Equipment. An additional raised floor that does not come into contact with the bottom of the cabin prevents injury to the legs of the transported personnel in the event of explosions on mines and explosive devices.
The design of the Federal-M vehicle uses a wide range of mine protection measures that provide the crew and personnel with the opportunity to conduct fire operations and continue to perform a combat mission when the vehicle is blown up by explosive devices with a capacity of 3 to 10 kilograms of TNT.
A series of armored Urals provided a high level of protection for personnel and crew during combat operations in Chechnya and Afghanistan. The updated line of armored vehicles is effectively used by the Russian military forces in hot spots.
2005 year. A catastrophic, unprecedented flood in the southern states of the United States. Particularly in the city of New Orleans. The rescue operation on the flooded streets of Louisiana's largest metropolis is being carried out on the Ural-4320 trucks of the Mexican army. Cars from Miass passed through all the complex intricacies of the narrow, flood-ridden streets of Negro quarters - where American military trucks were powerless. And this is just one of many episodes of the Ural-4320 combat work, in which these powerful machines clearly demonstrated their capabilities. A detailed review of this model is in this publication.
"Ural-4320" is a three-axle all-wheel drive (formula 6x6) off-road truck of the Ural Automobile Plant (Miass, Chelyabinsk Region). In the model range of the enterprise, back in 1977, he replaced the Ural-375 truck.
For a number of structural elements, the Ural-4320 car is unified with the previous model, the Ural-375. However, it has a more modern design, which provides enhanced capabilities and better performance characteristics than the Ural-375. The 4320th was the main model of the Ural Automobile Plant until the fall of 2015 (before its official replacement with the Ural Next.
Mexican Marina Armada during a rescue operation in Louisiana after Hurricane Katrina in 2005.
But its production for export needs is still ongoing. Since the Ural-4320 is still in demand, as a military vehicle, in many countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America. There, to this day, he continues to evoke genuine respect and real delight with his charisma. And the price is quite affordable!
The truck received the ironic nickname "Glutton" for a reason. 50-70 liters of high-octane gasoline per 100 kilometers is a lot for a mass-produced car. Even cheap and "state-owned" gasoline. Even for a multifunctional army vehicle - "all-terrain vehicle". Therefore, the Soviet Union thought about replacing a gasoline carburetor engine with a more practical diesel engine in the Urals at the turn of the 60-70s.
However, a long way has been passed from a clear intention to its concrete implementation: serial production of the Ural-4320 family started only in November 1977. According to the decision of the Ministry of Automotive Industry, it was considered inexpedient to develop and implement a new diesel engine by the Miass enterprise on its own. Therefore, the remotorization of the Urals: the selection of a suitable engine and gearbox, the mutual adjustment of the power unit and the machine, the engineers of the Ural Automobile Plant were engaged in together with the specialists of the flagship of the Soviet engine building, the Yaroslavl Motor Plant.
"Ural-4320" "in its element."
During 1970-1975, a lot of work was done to test new models of engines and gearboxes on experimental batches of Ural-375 trucks. Pilot batches of prototypes, built in variants of flatbed trucks and truck tractors, passed multi-stage tests in 1973-1976, and from February 1977, the stage of preparing design documentation for serial production began. The first mass-produced cars with the new Ural-4320 production index rolled off the assembly line of the Ural Automobile Plant in November 1977.
But this was not yet a complete replacement for the Ural-375: the Glutton continued to be produced by the enterprise for many years, in parallel with the new model. They tried to equip the Ural-4320 with different diesel engines: for the eight-cylinder YaMZ-238, a more extended engine compartment was even provided than for the six-cylinder YaMZ-236 and for the KamAZ-740. At the same time, cars with YaMZ-236 could be distinguished from cars with a KamAZ engine by the air filter on the right wing (due to a different, denser layout of the engine compartment). Since 2000, all Ural-4320s have been produced with an extended engine compartment, regardless of the brand of engine that is installed there.
"Ural-4320" in Angola (South-West Africa).
Regular orders from the Ministry of Defense, constant deliveries of vehicles to oil and gas enterprises, a good export potential of the car contributed to the fact that in less than 10 years after the start of mass production - in 1986 - the number of Urals-4320 produced exceeded one million units. The Ural-43206 lightweight biaxial truck, the production of which has been mastered in Miass since 1996, also belongs to the 4320th family.
In the fall of 2015, the Ural-4320 was replaced in the model range of the Ural Next plant - its modernized version, with the original plastic plumage of the engine compartment, with a new generation of modern cabs of the GAZelleNext type, and a number of improved components and assemblies. Now all civilian versions of the Ural-4320 for the domestic civilian market and partially for deliveries to law enforcement agencies have been replaced by cars of the Ural Next family. But the Ural-M series (aka Ural-4320) is retained specifically for export deliveries.
The immediate purpose of the Ural-4320 is the transportation of goods, people, towing trailers and various equipment on all types of roads and off-road (cross-country). Wheel formula 6x6, powerful diesel engines and solid ground clearance give this car a significant off-road potential. "Ural-4320" easily overcomes wetlands, 1.6-meter fords, 2-meter ditches and ditches, drives uphill to 60%.
The Ural-4320 chassis was used as a base for the creation of not only flatbed and tilt cars of a standard or extended layout. But also: for shift buses (22- or 30-seater), truck tractors and pipe carriers, tankers and tankers, installations and special equipment for oil and gas production, road and municipal equipment, fire protection and, of course, for the needs of the armed forces.
Without timber trucks on the basis of "Ural-4320" it is impossible to imagine felling and logging in many regions of our country. Together with hydraulic manipulators, URAL timber trucks allow you to load and unload timber and other assortment without the involvement of special equipment. The technical capabilities of Ural-4320 trucks allow their intensive operation in the temperature range from -50°C to +50°C, in opposite climatic conditions - from the Far North to the sandy southern deserts.
Ruthlessly exploited timber carrier "Ural-4320", year of manufacture - 2007.
The technical capabilities of the Ural-4320 were planned taking into account the army service of this off-road truck: a huge margin of safety, high maintainability, simple design and readiness for operation in difficult conditions.
- Overall dimensions of the Ural-4320 chassis: Length - 7.588 m; Width - 2.5 m; Height - 2.785 m; Base - 3.525 + (1.4) m. Modifications with a shortened length - 7.388 m are also produced; and elongated - 7.921 m and 9.545 m.
- Curb weight - from 8 to 8.7 tons; the weight of the transported cargo is 7, 10, 12 tons, depending on the modification.
- The distribution of the load of the equipped vehicle: on the front axle - 4,550 tons, on the rear bogie - 3,500 tons.
- The distribution of the load of the car of the total mass: on the front axle - 4.635 tons, rear axle - 10.570 tons.
- The internal dimensions of a standard body are 5685x2330x1000 mm.
- Turning radius - on the outer wheel 10.8 m, overall 11.4 m.
- Ground clearance - 400 mm.
- Track width - 2 m (front and rear - the same).
- Fuel tank capacity - 200 liters, with the possibility of installing an additional 60 liters.
- "YAMZ-236NE2" - diesel, four-stroke, six-cylinder, with direct fuel injection, V-shaped. Working volume - 11.15 liters. Rated power at 2100 rpm - 169 kW (230 horsepower). The maximum torque at 1100-1300 rpm is 882 N.m (90 kgf / m).
"Ural-4320" with the engine "YaMZ-236" can be distinguished by the air filter.
- KamAZ-740 is a V-shaped 8-cylinder diesel engine with a working volume of 10.86 liters. Power - 210 horsepower. Maximum torque - 68 kgf / m. The nominal speed of the crankshaft is 2600 rpm.
- YaMZ-238 is a 14.86-liter V-shaped 8-cylinder diesel engine with a capacity of 176 kW (240 horsepower). Maximum torque: 883 Nm (90 kgfm).
On Ural-4320 vehicles, a KamAZ-14 model clutch was used, a double-disk clutch with a mechanical shutdown drive and a pneumatic booster. Or the YaMZ-182 clutch - friction, dry, single-disk, diaphragm, with an exhaust-type diaphragm spring.
Gearbox - models "KamAZ-141": 5-speed, with synchronizers in II, III, IV and V gears. Gear ratios: I-5.62; II-2.89, III-1.64, IV-1.00; V-0.724; ZX-5.30. Number of gears (with transfer case): forward - 10, backward - 2. Power take-off from the gearbox - up to 26 kW (35 hp). Or a gearbox of the YaMZ-236U brand similar in technical parameters - mechanical, three-way, five-speed, also with synchronizers in 2, 3, 4, 5 gears.
The transfer case is 2-speed, with a cylindrical lockable center differential of the planetary type, which distributes the torque between the always-on front axle and the bogie axles in a ratio of 1:2. Gear ratios: top gear - 1.3; the lowest - 2.15. The transfer case is controlled by two levers. Power take-off from the transfer case - up to 40 percent of the engine power.
Cardan transmission - four cardan shafts. The main gear of the driving axles is double, a pair of bevel gears with a spiral tooth and a pair of cylindrical helical gears; gear ratio (total) - 7.32. Drive axles - through type, with the top location of the final drive gear. Front drive axle - with constant-velocity joints of disk type (Tract).
Steering and brake control
The steering gear is a double-threaded worm and a lateral gear sector, with a built-in hydraulic distributor of a spaced hydraulic booster. The gear ratio is 21.5, the oil pressure in the hydraulic booster is 65-90 kgf / cm. sq.
The working brake system uses brakes with drum-type mechanisms (diameter 420 mm, lining width 120 mm). The working system is double-circuit, with a pneumohydraulic drive, separate (in terms of pneumatic and hydraulic parts) for the front axle and bogie, with two pneumatic amplifiers.
The parking brake is also a drum type, mounted on the output shaft of the transfer case, with a mechanical drive. The spare brake is one of the circuits of the working brake system. Auxiliary brake - motor retarder, drive - pneumatic. Trailer brake drive - combined (two- and single-wire).
Frame "Ural-4320" - riveted, consisting of two stamped spars interconnected by crossbars (classic "ladder"). Front suspension - on two semi-elliptical springs with rear sliding ends, with shock absorbers. The rear suspension is balanced, also on two semi-elliptical springs, with six jet rods, the ends of the springs are sliding.
Disc wheels, with a rim "254G-508" or "330-533", depending on the modification. The wheel is fastened on ten studs. Pneumatic tires, chambered - 1200x500x508 "14.00-20 (370-508)", model "OI-25", with adjustable pressure within 0.5-3.5 kgf / cm2, depending on road conditions. On " Uralakh-43202-01 "- 1100 × 400x533, models" O-47A ", wide profile.
electrical equipment
The electrical equipment system in Ural-4320 is single-wire, with a rated voltage of 24V. Batteries "6ST-190TR" - 2 pieces, with a capacity of 190 Ampere / hour each. The alternating current generator "G-288E" has a power of 1000 W and works in conjunction with a non-contact voltage regulator "1112.3702". Starter "CT-142-LS" - electromagnetic inclusion, with a maximum power of 8.2 kW.
Trucks "Ural-4320" were equipped with a metal two-door cab, designed for a driver and two passengers. The classic, traditional cabin of the Urals has been produced for fifty years now, and, of course, the comfort indicators in it are infinitely far from modern ones. Although: the driver's seat is adjustable, there are ventilation and heating systems, there is a power steering, it is possible to equip the cabin with a berth. If desired, an air conditioner, an independent heater and a Webasto preheater can be installed on the Ural-4320.
In order to create more comfortable conditions for movement and better safety, since the spring of 2009, successful experiments have been undertaken to equip the newly developed Urals with new-style cabins. This is a cabover cabin with fiberglass plumage, manufactured under license from Iveco. It has three separate anatomical chairs with headrests, armrests, seat belts.
In interior decoration and cladding - modern materials that provide good noise and heat insulation, a steering wheel with lower spokes (not overlapping instruments). All controls are arranged in close proximity to the driver, the parking brake and transfer case control are pneumatic (which made it possible to remove the levers from the passenger compartment). The new cab provides comfortable working conditions for the driver. But the charisma of the external appearance of the car, of course, completely takes away.
Overview of serial modifications "Ural-4320"
As part of the Ural-4320 family, the following vehicle modifications were made on the assembly line of the Miass plant:
- Truck flatbed and tilt "Ural-43202-0351-31" general transport purpose with a wooden platform;
- Truck tractors "Ural-4420-10" and "Ural-4420-31", designed for towing special semi-trailers on all types of roads and rough terrain;
- Tractors "Ural-44202-0311-31", also designed for towing semi-trailers on all types of roads and off-road;
- The truck tractor "Ural-44202-0612-30" is designed for towing semi-trailers and various equipment on airfields and other flat areas;
- "Ural-4320-0911-30" - with an extended base;
- "Ural-4320-0611-10" and "Ural-4320-0611-31" - also with a wooden loading platform and an awning.
On the basis of the Ural-4320 vehicles of these modifications, chassis with similar technical characteristics were also produced, for van bodies, shift buses, and various special equipment. Within the same modification, various options are possible: by the presence of a winch, or without it; according to the location of the spare wheel holder: behind the cab or at the rear of the frame, with a vertical or horizontal arrangement; or without holder (with temporary technological fastening on the frame); with mechanical power take-offs from the gearbox (KM) and transfer case, or without them; with the presence of a towing device for towing trailers, or without it.
During the 2000s, on the basis of the Ural-4320, four armored army vehicle modifications were demonstrated to the general public. This is "Ural-4320-09-31"; "Ural-4320-0010-31" (or "Ural-E4320D-31"); "Ural-4320VV". As well as the Kasspir MK6 armored vehicle, which is manufactured on the Ural-4320 chassis by the Indian company Mahindra and Mahindra, at its plant in Prithla, Haryana. All these vehicles have solid ballistic and mine protection.
Cabins, including their rear walls, roofs and floors, are made of solid armored steel sheets, equipped with armored glass with loopholes for firing; powerful safe-type doors with locks with internal blocking. The roof has a hatch that can be used as a machine gun nest. The fuel tank and battery box are also armored.
Armored vehicle "Ural-4320VV".
It is planned to use a wide range of special equipment in these armored vehicles: night vision devices, radiation and chemical reconnaissance, army radio stations of various types, filter-ventilation installations, etc. It is also possible to install an armored module in the back to accommodate personnel (about 15-20 fighters). The layout of armored vehicles based on the Ural-4320 is free, which allows you to place a variety of types of special modules on the cargo platform.
ARMORED SPECIAL VEHICLE "URAL-VV"
ARMORED CAR «URAL-VV»
22.10.2015
The Ural Automobile Plant will adapt the latest Ural-VV armored vehicle, created in the interests of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, to the requirements of the Ministry of Defense, a representative of the plant at the Interpolitech exhibition told RIA Novosti on Tuesday.
“The Ural-VV armored vehicle was made by order of the internal troops. It turned out to be very successful, the entire cycle of state tests was carried out and completed. There is a procedure for accepting for the supply of internal troops. Now, a number of issues are being worked out jointly with the Ministry of Defense to adapt the machine to the requirements of this department, ”said a company representative.
"Ural-VV" can perform the tasks of transporting personnel, while the vehicle has a certain degree of protection against shrapnel, small arms bullets and explosions of various improvised explosive devices and mines. In addition, the vehicle can carry cargo, act as a command vehicle, an ambulance, be used to mount equipment and weapons, and so on.
The gross vehicle weight is 18.5 tons. Maximum speed - 90 kilometers per hour
RIA News
At present, preliminary tests of a prototype of a protected vehicle with a one-volume body "Ural-VV" are being completed. It was developed on an initiative basis in accordance with the terms of reference approved by the Commander-in-Chief of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. In the near future, "Ural-VV" will enter the state tests.
The specifics of the performance of service and combat tasks by units of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in recent years involves the frequent transfer of personnel, military and other cargo in the face of the threat of attacks on columns of illegal gangs, movement along sections of roads where mine-explosive barriers or individual explosive devices can be installed . In these cases, the use of multi-purpose army vehicles is associated with a high risk to the lives of military personnel and the loss of cargo being transported, which is sometimes tantamount to failure to complete a combat mission. The use of infantry fighting vehicles or armored personnel carriers for solving such tasks, especially in peacetime, has a number of limitations related to the provision of escort of these vehicles when driving on public roads, possible irritation of the local population, etc., which reduces the efficiency of the units and divisions.
Ural-4320 car with local cab reservation.
As the experience of military conflicts and counter-terrorist operations has shown, the solution of the above tasks is most effectively carried out using protected army multi-purpose vehicles. They have high mobility and can move with the necessary level of protection both on public roads and on rough terrain. At the same time, high cross-country ability is important, since the choice of routes for the movement of convoys that are not tied to public roads reduces the risk of vehicles falling into ambushes or undermining an explosive device, which are usually arranged on such roads.
For many decades, military vehicles with the Ural brand have occupied a leading position in terms of cross-country ability and reliability in the armies of many states. Therefore, the creation of a protected car based on a used chassis has become a reasonable and justified decision. Over the past decade, a number of research and development works have been carried out, which made it possible to significantly increase the level of protection of military vehicles from being hit by fire from the main types of small arms and from mines and land mines.
Step by step, optimal methods were developed to protect the vital systems of the vehicle and the personnel and cargo transported in it. At the initial stage, in order to reduce the time for retrofitting vehicles with armor protection, the design of mounted armor for Ural-4320 vehicles was developed. Armored screens were bolted to the outer surfaces of the cabin. Such a booking scheme is less laborious, however, the insufficient load-bearing capacity of the cabin structure led to sagging of the doors, and sometimes to their separation. The complex shape of the outer surfaces of the cabin did not allow for a high level of crew protection, which did not exceed class 3 according to GOST R 50963-96 or level 1 according to STANAG 4569.
The scheme in which armored screens were installed inside the cabin became more effective. In accordance with it, the cabin was dismantled, the frame, door hinges, window openings, cabin mounts, etc. were finalized. The design of the cab has been significantly strengthened, but at the same time the appearance of a production car has been preserved, which is often confusing and deprives the enemy attacking such vehicles from ambushes of the element of surprise. The built-in local armor protection provided the 5th protection class in accordance with the requirements of GOST R 50963-96 (2nd level according to STANAG 4569). In parallel with the study of schemes and methods for protecting the cab of cars, work was carried out to create special armored cabs, hulls and functional modules.
Tests on the impact of bullets of the main types of small arms and shell fragments, as well as the experience of the combat use of vehicles with local armor protection, made it possible to determine the level of their protection and identify weaknesses in the design. Penetration of the material of the main armor (steel armor and armored glass) was not identified, but the main problems of local armor were the difficulties in providing protection around the perimeter of the openings of windows, doors and hatches, at the joints of armored screens, as well as at the places of laying pipelines and electrical wiring.
Car "Ural-4320" with hidden armor.
Ural-4320B car with an armored cab.
Armored vehicles "Ural" family "Bear".
The next step was the creation of all-welded armored cabins. During the development of this direction, armored cabs for Ural-432009-31 and Ural-532303 vehicles were proposed. They are made according to the 5th protection class in accordance with the requirements of GOST R 50963-96 (2nd level according to STANAG 4569). They passed the tests when fired from an SVD rifle with B-32 armor-piercing bullets from a distance of 300 m and when fired from an AKM machine gun with PS bullets with a TUS (heat-strengthened core) of 7.62 mm caliber from a distance of 5 m. air conditioning ducts were provided by installing barbettes (protective joint strips).
When using all-welded armored cabs, the curb weight of the vehicle increases less than when introducing a local cab reservation scheme, since in the latter case the serial cab itself is the carrier system, in the design of which reinforcement elements are additionally introduced and protective armored screens are installed. An armored cabin, as an all-welded steel shell, is both a load-bearing and a protective structure, therefore, in order to achieve the same level of protection, in terms of mass indicators, it is preferable to use an all-welded armored cabin.
Significant disadvantages of local booking are also the inability to book the entire cabin area, the presence of a large number of weak points at the joints of protection elements, the high labor intensity and complexity of retrofitting a serial cabin. At the same time, it should be taken into account that the main limitation for increasing the level of protection for vehicles with various armor options is an unacceptable increase in the load on the front axle, which has a significant impact on the off-road capability. On cabover machines, such an increase in weight also becomes critical in terms of operational reliability, controllability and braking properties.
Based on the experience gained in the development of various vehicle armor schemes, test results and combat use, the designers of the Ural Automobile Plant, together with specialists from the Research Institute of Steel, in the period 2007-2010. by order of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, work was carried out to create a unified family of multi-purpose armored vehicles based on the Ural military multi-purpose vehicles with protection level according to class 6a according to GOST R 50963-96 (level 3 according to STANAG 4569). This ROC received the code name "Bear".
As part of this work, prototypes of multi-purpose armored vehicles were created:
- Ural-43206-0010 with a 4×4 wheel arrangement with an armored cab;
– Ural-4320-0010-31 with a 6×6 wheel formula with an armored cab and an armored functional module on the loading platform;
- Ural-532341-1010 with an 8 × 8 wheel arrangement with an armored cab and an armored functional module on the frame.
On vehicles of the Medved family, a frame-panel design of armored cabs was used. The main protective panels were made of armor steel sheets with the possibility of replacing the armor steel with ceramic composite armor mounted on an aluminum alloy substrate. Cabin glazing was made of bulletproof glass providing protection according to class 6a GOST R 50963-96 (level 3 according to STANAG 4569). During tests for bulletproof resistance, for the first time, it was possible to achieve a complete absence of penetrations along the door contour and panel joints. Tests for mine resistance showed satisfactory security of the crew when a charge was detonated under a wheel weighing up to 1 kg in TNT equivalent. A further set of tests of the Medved vehicles for mine resistance demonstrated the potential for increasing the resistance of their design to the high-explosive effects of undermining a charge weighing 6-8 kg in TNT equivalent.
The first prototype of the protected vehicle "Ural-VV"
General view of the armored car "Ural-VV".
In 2013, in accordance with the terms of reference of the Main Command of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, an armored vehicle with a one-volume body was created on the basis of the Ural-4320-70 army vehicle, which received the designation "Ural-VV". The machine was developed under the guidance of O.R. Yakupov and chief designer for special projects V.V. Dmitriev.
Armored car "Ural-VV" is used as a vehicle by units of internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia to transport personnel or cargo, protect the crew and cargo from firearms and damaging factors of explosive devices. The machine is made on the basis of the chassis of the Ural-4320-70 serial vehicle, which makes it possible to increase the unification and reduce the cost of spare parts and operating materials used in parts and connections, to simplify and reduce the time for driver training.
One of the main features of the new Ural-VV protected vehicle is that no imported components are used in its design. With some countries trying to force the world community to adhere to political views in line with their worldview through the imposition of economic sanctions, the refusal to use imported components can play a decisive role in ensuring that machines are delivered to customers on time.
Another advantage of the Ural-VV armored car is the possibility of its operation on public roads without any restrictions. From the base Ural-4320-70, the Ural-VV armored vehicle inherited its unsurpassed off-road capability. High mobility is provided by a powerful diesel 6-cylinder V-engine YaMZ-6565 or in-line YaMZ-536. Each of them is capable of developing a maximum power of 270 hp.
Forced locking of interaxal and interwheel differentials provides the machine with high cross-country ability. "Ural-VV" confidently moves both on snow up to 1 m deep and on sandy-desert terrain, overcomes water obstacles to ford or flooded terrain up to 1.9 m deep, mountain passes 3000 m high, steep ascents, descents and slopes. This allows him to bypass dangerous sections of roads where ambushes or the installation of minefields are possible. If a collision with the enemy cannot be avoided, then the armored corps is able to protect the crew, transported personnel or cargo from fire from the main types of small arms, as well as from detonation on various explosive devices. The front projection of the machine and all the glazing create protection according to class 6a according to GOST R 50963-96 (level 3 according to STANAG 4569), i.e. will keep hits of B-32 armor-piercing bullets fired from an SVD rifle from any, even the most insignificant distance. The remaining projections of the hull and the roof provide protection according to class 5 according to GOST R 50963-96 (level 2 according to STANAG 4569), i.e. withstand hits of 7.62 mm bullets with a heat-strengthened armor-piercing core fired from an AKM assault rifle from any distance.
The interior of the car "Ural-VV" is equipped with anti-traumatic seats.
For the convenience of landing in the stern there is a swing door with a folding ladder.
Cabin equipment of the armored car "Ural-VV".
"Ural-VV" at the exhibition "Integrated Security 2014" in Moscow.
When developing a single-volume armored hull, several options for its design were worked out. Ultimately, after numerous tests and based on the experience of previous R&D, the choice was made in favor of an all-welded armored hull design, in which not only the frame, but also the armored plates themselves perceive operational loads. At the same time, the mass of the body does not exceed the permissible norms.
The hull design meets the requirements for ergonomic crew accommodation, protection, maintaining transport dimensions and weight distribution along the vehicle axles. The case is made according to a modular scheme, which makes it possible to make the process of production, assembly and maintenance more technological. The front module is a control compartment (cabin) and is joined to the personnel accommodation module along a special reinforced flange. Outside, the joint is closed with protective overlays.
From the inside, the armored hull is covered with anti-fragmentation protection (AOP), which is a package of special materials based on domestic aramid fabrics. It should be noted that domestic protective materials have a smaller mass and better protective properties in a standard protective package compared to imported ones. In addition, AOP plays the role of thermal and sound insulation, and also gives a more aesthetic appearance to the interior of the car.
High anti-mine resistance is provided by a special shape of the bottom of the armored hull, its high location above ground level and the installation of special anti-traumatic seats with seat belts.
"Ural-VV" is capable of carrying 17 fully equipped fighters, including the driver, or up to 3 tons of cargo. Four doors are equipped for boarding and disembarking the crew and troops in the armored hull: two on the sides of the cabin for the driver and senior vehicle, one more door on the starboard side of the personnel accommodation module and aft hinged door with a removable central beam. Under the stern door there is a ladder, reclining with the help of a pneumatic system or manually.
For firing from the individual weapons of the crew and the landing force, closing loopholes are made in all bulletproof glasses: one in the windshield on the right side of the older vehicle, five on the starboard side, four on the port side and two in the windows of the hinged door in the stern. There are six hatches in the roof, closed with armored covers. Hatches can be used for firing individual weapons or as emergency exits. At the request of the customer, a remotely controlled combat module with weapons can be mounted on the roof of the hull or a rotating shoulder strap with an opening wide hatch can be equipped. On the chase, it is allowed to install a heavy machine gun or an automatic grenade launcher.
Sample protected car "Ural-VV" from the pilot batch.
the cross-country ability of Ural-VV remained traditionally high for Ural vehicles
The main technical characteristics of the armored vehicle "Ural-VV"
| Characteristic | Index |
| Wheel formula | 6×6 |
| Gross weight, kg | 18500 |
| Mass of the towed trailer, kg | 11500 |
| Maximum speed, km/h | 90 |
| Engine type and brand | Turbodiesel YaMZ-6565 or YaME-536 |
| Engine power, kW (hp) | 198(270) |
| Transmission | Mechanical 5-speed gearbox. 2-speed transfer case, forced locking of center and center differentials |
| Number of seats (including driver) | 17 |
| Cruising range according to the control fuel consumption, km | 1100 |
| Ground clearance, mm | 400 |
| Overcomable climb. % | 60 |
| Overall dimensions (LxWxH), mm | 8500x2550x3100 |
"Ural-VV" has high operational characteristics. It is designed for operation in areas with a temperate climate with garageless storage, at ambient temperatures from -45'C to +45'C (maximum operating temperatures - from -50 to +50'C), relative humidity up to 98% at ambient temperature +25°С, air dust content not more than 1.5 g/mВІ, wind speed up to 20 m/s, in areas at absolute altitudes up to 2500 m with the possibility of overcoming individual passes up to 3000 m high. In order to reduce crew fatigue and creating comfortable conditions for personnel when working in hot climatic conditions, the machine is equipped with an air conditioning system in the cabin.
According to experts, the Ural-VV armored vehicle in the future will become the basis for a whole family of highly unified tactical protected vehicles with various wheel formulas in all law enforcement agencies. A large useful reserved volume of the vehicle provides for the installation of various equipment, apparatus, communications and weapons systems. ¦
In 2014, the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs plans to purchase about a dozen new Ural-4320-VV armored vehicles.
Next year, it is planned to produce ten units of new armored vehicles under the Ural brand on the Ural-4320-VV chassis. The Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia became the customer of this new generation armored vehicle. As conceived by the manufacturer, the model should form the basis of a whole line of universal protected vehicles with different wheel formulas for tactical tasks of all law enforcement agencies.
The High Command of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia was directly involved in the development of the Ural-VV model. The choice fell on the 4320 chassis with a 6 x 6 wheel arrangement, because this particular model meets the stated criteria of reliability and ease of maintenance.
The armor of the car was developed with the participation of the Research Institute of Steel. The first variants of protective modules were immediately produced and tested. One of the advantages of the car is the free layout, which makes it possible to place equipment and combat modules in a mass of convenient ways, taking into account the tactical task ahead. When developing the terms of reference for the car, potential buyers took into account the experience of using armored vehicles in various typical situations and conditions. A host of additional requirements were included, including the design of an armored vehicle with a single-volume armored protection module that allows the driver not to be separated from the rest of the team. Such a body can accommodate up to 17 people with all combat equipment.
To improve visibility and maneuverability, the Ural-VV model is equipped with a large armored windshield. Protected fuel tanks used in the module are equipped with an additional protection screen. The armored vehicle module has seats that help reduce the dynamic load when it hits the epicenter of the explosion. The authors of the model also took care of the comfort of passengers under various weather conditions by installing air conditioning and a heater in the car. The YaMZ Euro-4 engine is characterized by the necessary power, reliability and economy.
Among the mass of requirements for the car, set by customers, one of the first places was occupied by the possibility of the fastest possible evacuation of people from the car. Side and aft doors are responsible for this function, through which the crew and fighters can leave the vehicle from any side in a matter of moments. There are also top hatches. Hatches and doors that open outward in parallel can serve as additional protective shields. The car is equipped with mine protection of the sixth class in the front sector and the fifth class on the sides.
It is worth noting that the armored Ural-VV is a certified vehicle, so the traffic police escort for the car is not required.
At the moment, the final factory tests of the new model are being carried out, after which it will go into mass production.
The main technical characteristics of the car "Ural-4320VV"
Wheel formula - 6 × 6
Weight of transported cargo, kg - 3000
Gross weight, kg - 17300
Distribution of the total mass of the vehicle, kg:
To the front axle - 5300 (6500)
On the rear bogie - 12000
Mass of the towed trailer, kg - 11500
Maximum speed, km / h - 90
Engine: YaMZ-6565(YaMZ-536), diesel,
Rated power, kW (hp) - 198 (270)
Transmission - Manual gearbox, two-stage transfer case with lockable center differential, middle and rear axles with locking center differentials. The units are equipped with a sealing system.
Service brake system - Dual-circuit with pneumohydraulic or pneumatic drive
Armored hull - One-volume, armored, with two side doors in the control module, with a side door for the habitable compartment on the right side and two hinged doors located at the back.
Seats (including the driver) - at least 15
Armor protection - according to GOST R 50963-96:
The perimeter and roof of the armored module - class 5;
(front and glazing - class 6);
Engine compartment - class 3;
Windshield - class 6;
Protection against undermining under the bottom - 2 kg.
Tires - 425/85 R21 KAMA-1260, KAMA-1260-1, 390/95 R20 KAMA-Ural, 14.00-20 OI-25 with adjustable pressure
Fuel tank capacity, l - 200 + 200
Control fuel consumption at a speed of 60 km / h, l / 100 km - 34.5
Power reserve according to the control fuel consumption at a speed of 60 km / h, km - 1100
Ground clearance, mm - 400
External overall turning radius on the buffer, m - 11.4
Overcoming obstacles:
Rise,% - 60
Overall dimensions, mm - 8500 x 2550 x 3100
