Rigidity characteristics of the tire. Choosing tires for the summer

26.06.2020

Engine

What summer tires are better soft or hard, is of interest to many car owners. When choosing new wheels for your car for the summer, it is imperative to pay attention to the hardness and softness of the tire rubber. The comfort and safety of movement depends on the chosen rubber.

With the advent of the Internet, the task of choosing summer tires for cars has become much easier and faster, thanks to numerous reviews. However, when thinking about the softness and hardness of the wheel rubber, there are several important points to consider that will help in deciding which rubber is better soft or hard for the summer season, when soft summer tires are needed, and when it is better to use hard.

Rigid summer tires for a car

Hard summer tires are quite common in tire shops at various price points, and hard summer tires have both pros and cons to consider when choosing.

Cons of hard summer tires:

Noisiness
Increase in stopping distance
Worse overclocking performance
Poor traction
Demolition in corners
Slippery on wet surfaces

Soft summer tires

In automotive rubber stores, you can find soft tires of various densities. Tire manufacturers strive to achieve the ideal rubber compound for a tire to maximize the benefits of using it. Soft summer tires have their own advantages and disadvantages, and when choosing the softness of a tire, a number of features must be taken into account, which will be discussed later.

Advantages of soft rubber tires:

Low road tread noise
Increased grip on dry and wet asphalt
Improving acceleration dynamics
Shortening the braking distance
Better handling through traction
Softness of the passage of irregularities
Increased ride comfort

Is soft or hard rubber on a car better for summer?

What to choose summer tires hard or soft? If there is a question of choice, a hard or soft tire for the summer, it is worth starting from the conditions of use and the load that awaits it.

If the car is operated in a region with hot summers, then you should not take a very soft tire, in hot weather the rubber will float, significantly worsening its properties and performance. For comfortable city and highway movement, it is best to choose a car tire model with medium softness or hardness. Such a tire will allow you to get maximum driving pleasure with balanced rubber wear, with maximum grip and safe handling of the car, at speeds allowed by the SDA (Rules of the Road).

If the car is powerful, it is operated in a region with hot summers, a sporty driving style is used and frequent trips along the highway, then when choosing summer tires, you should pay attention to more rigid tire models that will increase the speed of the wheel, increase its reliability and reduce the effect of deformation.

The tire online calculator allows you to choose the optimal tire and wheel sizes for your car conveniently and quickly.
With the advent of summer, the holiday season begins, and many people go on a trip in their cars. A special online service will help determine the distance and the best route

During operation, the tire is constantly under the action of a radial load, and for each tire size there is a maximum allowable value of this load. Under the action of a radial load, the tire is deformed. The amount of deformation (deflection) depends on the internal pressure, the design of the tire and the materials from which it is made, i.e. on the radial stiffness of the tire.

Rice. Load characteristics of tires: a - tire size 80-405 (3.25-16) model L-133, (1 - p = 1.5 kgf / cm2; 2 - p = 2.0 kgf / cm2; 3 - p = 2.5 kgf/cm2; 4 - p=3.0 kgf/cm2; 5 - p=3.5 kgf/cm5); b - tire size 10C-459 (3.75-18) model L-230; (1 - p=1.6 kgf/cm2; 2 - p=1.4 kgf/cm2; 3 - p=1.2 kgf/cm2; 4 - p=1.0 kgf/cm2; 5 - p=0 .8 kgf/cm3);

The dependence of deflection on the value of the radial load on the tire at constant internal pressure is called the load characteristic of the tire. The figure shows the load characteristics of motorcycle tires at various inflation pressures.

From the graphs it can be seen that there is some non-linearity in the change in the amount of deflection from the load, especially at the beginning of the curve. For the correct choice of the operating mode of the tire, the accuracy of taking the load characteristic is of great importance. In operation, the amount of deflection largely determines the performance and durability of the tire. Under normal use, tires have a certain optimum deflection. The value of the optimal deflection for diagonal tires is within 10-20% of the height of the tire profile and is specified in each individual case during a whole range of bench and road tests.

Circumferential stiffness

When the motorcycle starts off, or when braking, the tires on the drive and brake wheels are subject to torque or braking torque.

When acting on a stationary tire loaded with a vertical force Q, torque Mcr, the tire, being an elastic element, twists relative to the rim at a certain angle φ.

Rice. The effect of torque on a stationary tire

In this case, tangential forces arise in the contact. The distribution of tangential forces is not symmetrical with respect to the transverse axis of the contact. In the front part of the contact, the tangential forces are greater in magnitude than in the back part.

The resultant of the tangential forces is equal in magnitude to the traction force Rm.

As the torque Mcr increases, the tangential forces increase.

At the beginning of loading the tire with a torque, the increase in the moment Mcr is proportional to the increase in the angle of twist φ.

With a further increase in torque due to an increase in tangential forces, partial slippage of the tread elements relative to the supporting surface begins.

When the torque reaches a certain critical value, the traction force Pt becomes greater than the adhesion force of the tire to the supporting surface. Complete slip occurs in the contact zone.

The ability of a tire to resist twisting when subjected to torque is called the circumferential (tangential) stiffness of the tire. The circumferential stiffness is estimated by the coefficient C, equal to the ratio of the torque to the twisting angle corresponding to this moment:

C \u003d Mcr / f, kgm / deg, where C is the coefficient of circumferential stiffness.

This coefficient can also be estimated by the ratio of the traction force Rm to the amount of displacement of the contact center in the direction of the force:

C \u003d 2P * Pt * Rn * Rc / 3.6 * b * 10 ^ 6, kgm / deg

where Рт - traction force, kgf;
b - contact displacement, mm;
Ro - outer radius of the undeformed tire, mm;
Rc - static radius, mm.

Tests have shown that the value of the coefficient of circumferential stiffness increases slightly with increasing pressure in the tire and is practically independent of the radial load.

The figure shows circumferential stiffness curves for tires of various designs.

Rice. Tire circumferential stiffness curves: 1 - diagonal tire;, 2 - type P tire

The circumferential stiffness of P and PC tires is somewhat lower than conventional tires.

The lower circumferential stiffness of P and PC tires has a positive effect on the operation of the motorcycle transmission, as it allows you to move off more smoothly. In addition, for tires with reduced circumferential rigidity, the increase in tangential forces in contact occurs less intensively with increasing torque.

In this regard, the slippage of the elements of the tread pattern in contact is reduced, and consequently, the wear of the tread is reduced.

Lateral stiffness

One of the important characteristics of a tire is its ability to deform under the action of a lateral force.

The lateral force Pb, acting along the axis of a fixed wheel loaded with a vertical force Q, causes a displacement of the middle plane of the wheel relative to the center of the contact area by a certain distance a. At the same time, the contact area, while remaining symmetrical relative to the wheel axis, somewhat changes its shape. The tangential forces acting in the contact are also symmetrical with respect to the wheel axis.

Rice. The effect of the side load on the tire

An increase in the lateral force Pb causes an increase in the axial displacement a, and at first this dependence is linear. Simultaneously with the lateral load, the tangential forces also increase. At a certain value of the lateral force in the contact, tire slippage occurs, which gradually increases. Full slip begins when the lateral force becomes greater than the lateral grip force.

The ability of a tire to resist side loading is called the tire's lateral stiffness. Lateral stiffness is estimated by the coefficient B, equal to the ratio of the lateral force Pb to the axial displacement a:

B \u003d Rb / a, kgf / mm

Lateral stiffness is an important characteristic of a tire that significantly affects its performance. Lateral stiffness largely determines the stability and handling of a motorcycle, especially when changing direction.

Low lateral stiffness increases the sensitivity of the tire to the effects of lateral forces, i.e., even a slight lateral force causes an axial (in the direction of the lateral force) displacement of the wheel plane, and, consequently, the entire motorcycle relative to the contact of the tires with the road, felt by the driver. Since the tire is an elastic element, the movements of the motorcycle in the transverse direction have an alternating direction. There are lateral vibrations of the motorcycle, which cause the driver to be insecure when driving, there is a feeling that the tires "do not hold the road."

The stability and controllability deteriorates especially noticeably when the motorcycle is operated on P and PC type tires, since their lateral rigidity is 30-50% lower than that of conventional tires.

Studies have shown that the lateral stiffness of tires depends on their design, tire inflation pressure, radial load, rim width, etc.

Angular stiffness

When applied to a stationary wheel loaded with a vertical force Q, the moment Mp acting in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the steering column of the motorcycle, the tire is deformed. In this case, the plane of the wheel rotates through a certain angle Y with respect to the initial position.

Under the action of a moment in contact, tangential forces arise. These forces at the rear of the contact are somewhat larger and are directed opposite to the forces at the front of the contact.

The resultant tangential forces create a moment of resistance Ms, which prevents tire deformation.

As the moment Mp applied to the wheel increases, the tangential forces increase, and at the beginning the deformation of the tire is proportional to the magnitude of the moment. At a certain value of the moment, the resultant tangential forces become greater than the adhesion forces, which leads to partial slippage of the pattern elements in the contact zone. First of all, the elements located in the zone of the greatest tangential forces begin to slip. In this regard, there is some distortion of the contact shape, and the major axis of the contact deviates from its original position by an angle y"<у.

Rice. The action of the angular load on the tire

At a critical value of the moment applied to the wheel, complete slippage of the elements of the tread pattern, the most distant from the center of contact, occurs.

The ability of a tire to resist the action of a moment that creates an angular load on the tire is called the angular stiffness of the tire. The coefficient of angular rigidity D is equal to the ratio of the moment to the angle of rotation of the wheel plane:

D \u003d Mr / l, kgm / deg

Angular stiffness, as well as lateral stiffness, mainly affects the handling of a motorcycle with a sidecar, especially when it is necessary to detour at high speed an obstacle that has suddenly appeared in front of the motorcycle.

The value of the angular stiffness depends on the same parameters as the lateral stiffness.

A value that is not included in the list of indicators that tire manufacturers are required to declare, such as its, as well as wet grip, noise level and rolling resistance. - this is its damping capacity, which depends on the thickness of the layers used in the tire, the materials used, the dimensions of the tire itself, and, consequently, on the internal volume of the tire and the pressure of compressed air in it.

If we return to the functions of the tire, then among them there is also a shock-absorbing one, designed to reduce uneven surfaces and vibrations, that is, to make driving on the tire more comfortable. Thus, speaking about the rigidity of a tire, we are talking about a certain indicator that manufacturers are striving to reduce. At the same time, there is stiffness, which is either necessary for the efficient operation of the tire, or is a consequence of the applied technical solutions. This article will be devoted to consideration of this.

Rigidity is a must

In the existing tire classification, tires for active or are also presented. When creating such tires, the rigidity of the tread structure is a must. Since one of the key indicators of sports tires is handling - the response of the tire to changes in the position of the steering wheel and the instantaneous execution of a given trajectory, as well as maintaining control over all axes of the car when performing very complex maneuvers. This requires a rigid tire, or more precisely, it requires bus with a rigid construction structure, which will include large wide tread blocks assembled into a single pattern, narrow drainage channels, special hard rubber compounds, and a specially prepared carcass. The unity of the above elements gives the tire the rigidity required by sports tires, which leads to an increase in tire handling, relative to tires designed for quiet city driving.

Structure rigidity It is also necessary for winter tires, which, thanks to the use of softer rubber compounds, will have a greater shock-absorbing capacity. Such a “softness” of the tread can significantly reduce not only the handling performance, but also the braking efficiency, which, in the end, will affect safety. Therefore, the tread of winter tires is formed in such a way that, while maintaining the softness of the rubber compound necessary for negative temperatures, it has a rigid tread structure, which will improve not only the grip of the tire on ice, but also handling in general, as well as tire performance on asphalt. In this case, the initial element of stiffness is sipes - micro-slots on the tread, which are given a complex shape not only on the surface, but also inside the tread blocks.

Rigidity is a consequence

The aforementioned sports driving tires have high handling due to the rigidity of the tire structure. It is for this type of tires that the rigidity is a consequence of the applied technical solutions. Low-profile tires will also be stiffer, which, due to the smaller air volume inside the wheel assembly, will also have less shock absorbing properties.

Attention! To increase the comfort of driving a car with low profile tires, you need to reduce the landing diameter of the tires themselves. Most vehicles allow this, and allowable size options are listed in the vehicle's technical documentation and/or on the vehicle itself.

The list of hard tires includes tires made according to self-supporting technology(for example, MICHELIN). In this case, stiffness is a consequence of the use of thicker sidewalls of the tire, which reduces the cushioning ability of the tires themselves. Therefore, it is recommended that a self-supporting tire be used only on vehicles that have been fitted with this type of tire at the factory. In this case, the automaker took care of the suspension settings, which means that the operation of the car will be more comfortable than in the case when the car company did not recommend the use of self-supporting tires.

Rigidity - the result of improper operation

In some cases, improper operation leads to excessive tire stiffness. There are some of the most common examples:

- excess tire pressure

- use of old, used tires

Rigidity attraction

Michelin has come up with a special attraction. Its essence lies in the fact that you have the opportunity to ride in a stroller equipped with tires, and a stroller on which tires are not provided. This is done in order to be convinced from our own experience of the significant impact of the damping properties of the tire on the rigidity of the ride as a whole.

Foreword

It so happened that we had two articles on a similar topic on our site. Therefore, we decided to combine these two articles into one.

Article 1. Choosing tires for the summer

Changing winter tires to summer tires is a must for every car. This is due to elementary security rules and correct
machine operation. But how to choose the right summer tires for Russian roads and what parameters should you focus on in the first place? To solve these issues, it is necessary to understand in detail the classification and consider the characteristics of popular tire models.

How to choose tires for a car for the summer?

The determining parameters of choice are the brand of the machine, its weight and operating conditions. For the summer season of 2016, manufacturers offer a number of new models and time-tested classic tire options.

The main differences between winter and summer models are the types of treads. They determine the quality of grip of the tire with the road surface and reduce the influence of external factors - moisture, dust, sand, gravel, etc. Therefore, before deciding which tires are better to choose, you should study the types of treads:

The next group of factors are the technical qualities of summer tires. They indicate the maximum load on the structure, as well as speed limits:

In addition to these indicators, it is necessary to pay attention to additional designations on tires and be able to read the full marking. Additionally, it is recommended to choose models that are wider than those of winter options.

The best summer tires of 2016, their rating. We draw conclusions from the magazine "Behind the wheel"

The official publication of the rating of tires for a passenger car by the magazine "Behind the wheel" in professional circles caused a lot of disagreement. This is due to the fact that the test results of the well-known brand "Nokian" are distorted. According to the results of the domestic edition, the Nokian Hakka Green 2 model was recognized as the official winner. But is it really so?

To compare the test results, you can refer to similar foreign publications - Autonavigator, ADAC, AutoBild, Vi Bilagare. Almost all of them gave preference to other manufacturers. The difference between the choices is within the margin of error.

Nokian Hakka Green 2

These tires are designed for installation on mid-sized and small cars. In addition to preventing the effect of aquaplaning, it has a positive effect on reducing fuel consumption.

However, despite the positive reviews of domestic publications, the Finnish experts from Vi Bilagare determined her only the penultimate place in their rating. This is mainly due to a decrease in the operational and technical qualities of the model when tested on a dry surface.

Continental ContiPremiumContact 5

This model is the flagship of the company. In the process of its development, the latest technological innovations were used. In particular - macroblocks, due to which the contact patch of the tire with the road is significantly increased.

As a result of the tests, the tires showed themselves well on dry pavement, forming a minimum braking distance. On the highway, the results were no worse. Slightly lost ground during wet tests. As a result: Vi Bilagare - 1st place; ADAC - 2nd. In the ranking of the magazine "Za Rulem" this model of summer tires of the 2016 season got only the 6th position.

Goodyear Efficient Grip Performance

Tires have perfect grip on wet surfaces. This is facilitated by the unique shape of the tread. Active braking technology, a first for this manufacturer's tires, has led to better results in testing.

Edition tests: Vi Bilagare - 2nd line; Hungarian Autonavigator gave tires 1st place. The magazine "Behind the Rulem" ranked them in the 2nd position of their rating.

As can be seen from the test results, the top three in world rankings differ from the published selection of summer tires 2016 by Za Rulem magazine. This year, companies that specialize in the development and production of racing tires took the last positions in the TOPs. Among them there are well-known brands - Yokoham Toyo.

What tires are better to buy for the summer? Reviews of specialists 2016

Despite the credibility of the publications described, summer tires for Russian roads must be selected according to one more criterion - expert reviews. They will allow you to create an objective opinion about the quality and technical parameters of the model.

About Nokian Hakka Green 2

“The Nokian Hakka Green 2 came out just this year. On the last version I drove about 5000 km. The main problem was poor grip on the grass, which is a priority for Russian roads in the summer (more precisely, their absence). Apparently, the manufacturer decided to take this nuance into account.

Lugs appeared in the new summer tires of 2016. They are located in the lateral and central regions. A significant drawback from the previous model was removed in the design - dividing partitions in the center. They almost completely leveled the expected effect of the lugs. Now this problem is solved. But more truthful results should be expected at least by the middle of summer.”

Eugene, Moscow, 32 years old

“Decided to purchase Nokian Hakka Green 2 as a summer tyre. First I got acquainted with the test results from "Behind the wheel". After installation, they were tested in spring conditions. At first glance, the tires behave well - the braking distance has decreased, you feel confident when cornering. Side hooks allow you to overcome the slush, do not allow you to get stuck in the mud.

The only negative point is the relatively high noise level. But it is felt only when leaving the primer. Most likely, it is connected with the tread pattern. But this is my subjective opinion.

Roman, Kaluga, 28 years old

About Continental ContiPremiumContact 5

“I put 6 Continental ContiPremiumContact 5 on my Lancer. First impressions are that summer tires are very quiet. They respond great on corners. When driving through puddles at 80 km / h, the effect of aquaplaning was not observed. I tried to accelerate to 100 km / h - ABS helps the tires. As for wear, I can’t say anything yet - the mileage is too low.

Feel confident in a rut. When entering a 90-degree turn at a speed, no skidding was observed at all, they didn’t even squeak.

Sergey, St. Petersburg, 38 years old

“Summer tires are just “fly away”: yes, they are expensive, but at the same time, the workmanship and reliability of the grip with the road are at the highest level. I noticed that they are almost silent, they behave perfectly on a wet track.

However, after checking the emergency braking from 140 km / h to 0, I observed small scuffs on the central part. I hope that this will not greatly affect the further operation.

Vladimir, Stavropol, 30 years old

About Goodyear EfficientGrip Performance

“Our company purchased Goodyear EfficientGrip Performance tires for company cars – Opel Vivaro. Despite the soft surface, grip is good, noise is at a minimum. Have a positive effect on fuel economy. On one of the cars, after 2000 runs, two small dimples appeared on the side of the tread. So far, nothing has been done to them.

Particularly pleased with the braking distance. I had to make an emergency stop, so the tires in combination with ABS showed a good result.

Vitaly, Vladivostok, 27 years old

“Overall, Goodyear EfficientGrip Performance models can give a rating of 4.5 out of 5. They ride well on wet and dry pavement, and are durable. I tried to ride on grass and dirt - I am satisfied with the result. During the season, not a single “bump” was “caught”, although I drove often and not quite on the roads.

The disadvantage is that the noise level increases over time. And it wasn't just me."

Boris, Astrakhan. 42 years

Article 2. What is the best summer tire?

When to change the car to summer tires in 2016?

This question comes up every year. But it will not be superfluous to analyze the details of the answer to this question, and for someone, perhaps, new facts will be discovered that will shed
light on the problem. Go! When to change tires for summer in 2016?

So, firstly, it is necessary to take into account the geographical location of the region. On the territory of the Russian Federation, winter comes unevenly, which means that you need to follow the weather forecasts.

Secondly, it is important to consider your travel geography. If you drive in the general flow through traffic jams and through central highways, there is every chance that the asphalt in those places is dry and summer tires will come in handy here, like Velcro. If your trips cannot be predicted and planned, do not rush to change shoes for your vehicle. In the yards, puddles are often covered with an ice crust; certain sections of roads outside the city can also sin the same way.

In addition, do not forget the main thing - it is better to change the rubber after the moment when the temperature will be stable at +5 degrees for several nights. It is with her that puddles remain puddles, and the grip properties of summer tires with the road are revealed to the maximum.

Can you drive with summer tires in winter?

After the past 2015, the answer to this question has become unambiguous. Riding on tires that do not correspond to the season of the year is prohibited. It is important to note that, taking into account the peculiarities of the weather conditions of certain regions of Russia, the traffic police may increase the period of use of winter tires. It is definitely clear that it is not worth changing shoes after the end of the calendar winter on March 1.

But, on the other hand, there is no direct punishment for this offense. After all, they will definitely be fined only for tires with a low residual tread height or the presence of different tires on the same axle. And for using a car with summer tires in winter, a fine of 500 rubles can be charged. And also the inspector has the right to issue a warning. Everything depends on the human factor.

As a result, we get a contradictory situation - if in winter you drive on summer tires with a tread depth that meets the standards for this type of car, then the inspector will confirm this fact, but will not issue a fine for summer tires in the winter of 2016.

However, the situation at the legislative level can change at any time.
Considering driving a car on summer tires in winter, it is worth remembering that this is dangerous. This is especially true for drivers with little experience in driving a vehicle. Also, in an emergency, in addition to yourself and your vehicle, you can harm other road users. Therefore, change your car's shoes on time for tires that are in good condition, and do not skimp on safety.

When the issues related to the operation of summer tires have become resolved, it is necessary to move on to choosing the tires themselves.

The rating of summer tires 2015 - 2016 is published by the magazine "Behind the wheel"

This publication presents tire models from the most popular manufacturers - Kama Euro and Cordiant, to top models from world companies - Michelin and Pirelli. Also featured were models from Goodyear, Nokian, Hankook, Continental, Goodyear, Toyo and Bridgerstone.

So, let's start the review of the main indicators. Let's start from the end, namely with the model Kama Euro 129.

Rubber is really created taking into account the roads in Russia - durable and with increased wear resistance. From here there are positive results when passing the track and a confident exit from there. But only the transition to a good asphalt surface worsens the results. Excessive noise appears, with sharp maneuvers in emergency situations it does not behave in the best way. Hence the low rating and the last place in the rating.

The only indisputable advantage that Kama Euro manages to keep is its pricing policy. A set of 4 tires is the most affordable of all presented on the test.

Cordiant Sport 3- the next instance in this rating. The pricing policy of this manufacturer is close to the most affordable. Depending on the place of sale, prices are on a par with Kama. This model is aimed at moving on asphalt, which is additionally indicated by the Sport prefix and the appearance of the tread. Two negative points follow from this - pebbles often remain in the tread and add unpleasant sounds in motion, and when driving off-road it is easy to sit down even in the sand. According to the conclusion of Za Rulem experts, this is an example of an affordable model that does not surprise with its characteristics and is suitable for an average car owner for a measured movement.

Bridgestone Ecopia EP200- one of the most common models in the variety of the great tire manufacturer. By the way, they are made in Thailand. When tested on test vehicles, increased fuel consumption was noticed, as well as low grip during sharp maneuvers in an emergency, both on dry and wet pavement. Otherwise, when using these tires in the city without extreme loads, this is the most optimal ratio of price and balanced performance.

Toyo Proxes CF2. Test drivers of this particular model noted reduced fuel consumption. In addition, this is the most affordable copy with the inscription "Made in Japan". Otherwise, it shows excellent results on asphalt, but is absolutely useless in off-road conditions and even sand.

Nokian Nordman SX became a sensation in the price-quality category. The model shows cool handling and lack of noise, but also the absence of increased fuel consumption. There are practically no obvious flaws.

Hankook Ventus Prime 2. It was this instance that rediscovered the driver's properties of the car and was the first to please in all respects of handling and comfort. Only the price can really upset, and their off-road operation, judging by the reviews of the owners, often led to damage.

Michelin Primacy 3 opens the top four. The model will delight you with precise handling, regardless of whether the asphalt is wet or dry, as well as on all other points, including the absence of noise, reduced fuel consumption and driving comfort.

Goodyear Efficient Grip Performance- the model of the German tire manufacturer, which is the best (and even the leader of the test) showed handling on wet pavement. And if you move the car on these tires on dry asphalt, there is something to worry about. Coupling properties here are clearly not in order. But all this can manifest itself only in extreme situations. With calm driving in city traffic, you will get comfort for a very affordable amount.

Nokian Hakka Blue- the softest rubber, showing balanced performance in handling and comfort on all surfaces. Surprisingly, it combines excellent handling on all asphalt pavement options.

And, finally, the model of the Italian tire industry leader became the undisputed leader - Pirelli Cinturato P7. The model stands out in all test indicators, and it can please some sellers with a price tag.

What summer tires are better according to reviews?

By asking this question, a slightly different rating is drawn, in contrast to what the testers of the magazine "Behind the wheel" get.

Almost unanimously all tire owners Nordman SX note their excellent performance combined with an affordable price. Perhaps the last factor is achieved by the transfer of its production to the territory of Russia.

“Used 195/65/R15. Due to the presence of longitudinal grooves, they resist hydroplaning without any problems. Not a single hernia for 30,000 km, where I caught 3 pieces on Barum. And even quieter than Cordianta and Barum Brilliantis - they were before this model. With smooth driving, primarily on the highway, if judged by the wear indicator, erased by half. I am glad." Andrey
“Did it for two seasons, satisfied with the tires! According to the rating in the magazine "Behind the Rulem", it is they who occupy the 1st place in the price-quality group, which is why I took them. In other words, I recommend! You will not find anything cheaper and with better characteristics! Seryoga
"Incomparable tires! Chose between her and the Chinese brand. As already understood, he preferred it, because. psychologically unprepared to trust Chinese brands. Rubber for a year has shown itself to be healthy - it cuts water at a time, in turns on wet asphalt 100-120 km / h - easily (I'm afraid faster), in a straight line 160 - it holds the road. Vovchik
“Good road holding! In the rain, I never felt avkaplanirovanie, even when on the track from the hill drove into a huge Kalyuzha at 120 km / h! Strong, I thought a couple of times that I would catch a hernia - but no, I survived. It grips great at the start. You have to try hard to get the screeching sound! And the turns pass unusually confidently, even when loading a car for 4 people + luggage.” Arthur

Also the model from Michelin favored by car owners. Unfortunately, their price tag is not democratic, but the tires will please you with their performance characteristics.

Here are the words of the real owners of Michelin Primacy 3:

“This rubber is quieter and softer than any Bridgestone and even softer than the Pilot. Hence the different grip and braking. But it will all show up on the track. In the city and on the highway — a sweet deal! Everything with her - handling, acoustic and other comfort! At first, braking was not enough, but then he honed this habit. I recently put wheels with this rubber for the third season. ” Sanyok
“Rubber justifies the cost on all counts. For the sake of experiment, I wanted to put wheels on a smaller diameter in order to achieve comfort and put rubber with a large profile. As a result, this Michelin bought R16 wheels. Happy as an elephant! In all conditions, the tires have proven themselves brilliantly! Both in the city and outside the city, in places where no one has seen asphalt, the car rides very gently! Suspension calmly endures bumpiness, and on the track I hear only the breeze, because the noise from it is minimal! From the first days, when I put on Primacy 3, I immediately noticed that the car began to slow down much more confidently. Compared to Continental Sport, this Michelin is better in every way!” toha
Quiet. Soft. Great road holding in all weather conditions. I haven't found any flaws." Alexander

And if to the reviews about the question “Which summer tires are better?” add 16" wheel diameter?

The picture will be similar, because "Behind the wheel" tested tires on a golf-class car. And if the rubber is in the R15 dimension, all standard sizes and R16 are necessarily produced. Such is the law for a tire company.

Here are examples of reviews about Michelin Primacy 3 in R16 dimension:

“The driving style is relaxed. I drive a Focus 2 on 205 R16 tires. Terribly happy, everyone likes it! During 2 seasons I drove 10-15 thousand km, and the tires are in good condition. If you keep your driving style, a couple more seasons are guaranteed.” Zheka
“Too soft and quiet, super road holding on dry pavement! Of course, an acceptable price is also important, and with this she is in full order. And the tire fitter noted that it is well balanced. ” Oleg

Concluding this article, we note that any rubber is good for a calm driving style and driving on even surfaces. If you have deviations on one of these points - make a choice from the whole variety on the market.

Tires with a strong sidewall take a hit well and resist hernias to the last. Let's find out which inexpensive tires are the strongest.

How to identify strong tires

Oleg Rasstegaev from Autoreview conducted the following experiment: he fixed a granite bar 7 cm high on the asphalt. At an angle of 45 degrees, he runs into it with one side of the car. Starts at a speed of 40 km / h, after successful passages, accelerating more strongly.

Available tires of dimension 185/65 R15 participated in the test.

Imagine, four tires and did not break through at a speed of 90 km / h!

Top 4 tires with the strongest sidewall 2016

According to the results of tests 225/45 R17 in 2018

This time, the journalists changed the technique: they used a metal border with a sharp edge as an obstacle. It was run over at an angle of 45 °, starting at a speed of 20 km / h, increasing it in increments of five kilometers per hour.

the best are Korean Kumho Ecsta LE Sport tires, which are the only ones that reached 45 km / h;
the second result is at a breakdown speed of 40 km / h. When buying these tires, you get good hydroplaning resistance and handling on dry pavement as a bonus;
Rounding out the top pair are the Continental ContiPremiumContact 6 and Michelin Pilot Sport 4, which received a breakdown at 35 km/h.