Motor for supplying water to the windshield. How does a windshield washer work? Technical characteristics of the gearmotor

17.10.2019

Body

The operation of the washer depends on the serviceability of its elements; structurally, it consists of the following components and parts:

a tank located in the engine compartment of the car, it contains glass washer fluid, its volume is from 2.5 to 5 liters (read also about);
a pump equipped with nozzles, it pumps the necessary pressure, thanks to which the working fluid is supplied to the glass;
nozzles, they are set in pairs, they are jet and fan;
liquid level sensor, it is not found on all machines, most often it comes in the case of combining an optics washer and glass.

You may also be interested in the article of our specialist, which tells how to conduct.

In addition to the nodes described, the washing system has hoses, tees, tubes, o-rings, heating elements (read also how it works). That is, everything that ensures the smooth operation of the device at any time.

All of the listed elements work properly only if there is a sufficient amount of cleaning fluid in the system, if the windshield washer does not work, then its lack may be the root cause. But not only this can cause the failure of the washer.

The electric pump is activated using a special switch located under the steering wheel.

If the windshield washer does not work, it will not be difficult for an experienced driver to identify the cause of such a malfunction, and even a novice, after familiarizing himself with the main failures in the cleaning system, will be able to independently eliminate them.

The most important reason, as mentioned above, may be the lack of washer fluid, in which case you just need to add it. If it is available, but does not splash in the winter, then perhaps it simply froze. In this case, the problem is solved in one of two ways:

warming up the motor;
fitting the car in a warm garage.

After thawing the liquid, the system will start working normally, but it is better to drain the water from the tank after that and replace it with an “anti-freeze” one.

Other significant mechanical reasons why the windshield washer does not spray include the following factors.

Clogged nozzles. Their exit can be blocked by various debris: rust, dirt or small particles. To check the correctness of the guess, you need to suspend the supply of working fluid to the nozzles, if it is in them, then the supply of “anti-freeze” will be normal. The solution to this problem lies in the replacement of atomizers.
Disconnecting the hose. It can simply fly off while driving on bumpy roads, and then the fluid supply will continue, but the headlight and windshield washer nozzle will remain dry. Sometimes this happens in cars in which the connecting fittings are located on the hood, then when it is closed, the hoses are squeezed. In any case, a deformed or torn tube must be replaced and returned to its place.

Electrical faults

After checking the fluid level, the cleanliness of the nozzles and the hose leading to them, it may turn out that all this has nothing to do with it, then the matter is in the following reasons:

Fuse blown. You will need to find the safety block and check the insert, it can be found according to the attached diagram, which is usually printed on the cover or in the car's operating instructions. After checking, if the reason is really in it, then you need to replace the damaged part
Motor failure. To establish the accuracy of a guess, you should connect a multimeter to the terminals of the motor and check the voltage when the washer is turned on. If the voltage indicator is normal, and the motor remains in idle mode, then the problem lies in it. You can determine which motor has failed by exclusion by rearranging the pump terminals from the windshield to its rear counterpart.
Washer switch malfunction. It is usually located on the steering wheel. If, after checking the voltage, it is absent, and replacing the motor with a new unit did not help, then it turns out that the windshield washer switch or relay is not working. Only an experienced auto electrician can accurately diagnose a breakdown.
Oxidation of pump terminals. During operation, they can not only oxidize, but also completely fall off, due to which the motor stops pumping liquid, in order to return everything to working condition, it is necessary to clean the oxidized terminals or replace them with new ones.

Self Troubleshooting

The main reasons for the lack of washer fluid can be eliminated with your own hands.

Their replacement and cleaning is the same and it begins with the removal of these parts, the process is as follows:

open the hood;
make sure that they have plastic plugs, if they are present, then they must be carefully dismantled;
take a flat screwdriver and open the spring fasteners to dismantle the injectors.

Installing new parts occurs in reverse order.

To flush the nozzles and release their dirt, you should prepare a special cleaning solution from non-chlorinated water and vinegar, taken in equal proportions. The mixture is well mixed, and then poured into the tank. Then you need to press the washer lever, even if the water does not reach the glass, it's okay. In order for the components of the solution to break down all the contaminants, you need to leave it in the cleaning system for 2 hours, and then press the lever again. After the dirty solution pours out of the nozzles, it is necessary to rinse the hoses with distilled water.

For nozzles that are too clogged, prepare a wire and, after disconnecting the hose, insert it into the nozzle up to the nozzle.

Motor replacement

Repairing the motor yourself is quite difficult, so it is most often simply replaced.

windshield wiper

The windshield wiper consists of a gearmotor, levers and brushes. The electric motor of the cleaner is three-brush, with excitation from permanent magnets, two-speed. To protect against overloads, a thermal bimetallic fuse is installed in it, and to reduce radio interference, capacitors and chokes are installed.

Technical characteristics of the gearmotor

The cleaner has three operating modes, they are switched on by the right steering column switch. Intermittent operation is provided by electronic relay K2 type 524.3747 installed in the mounting block. This relay also activates the wiper gearmotor low speed when the windshield washer is turned on. The relay must ensure that the electric motor is switched on with a frequency of 14 ± 4 cycles per minute at a rotational speed of the gearmotor shaft of at least 20 min -1, a temperature of 20 ± 5 ° C and a supply voltage of 14 ± 0.2 V.

When the cleaner is running at low speed in constant mode, the supply voltage is supplied to diametrically opposite brushes. When the cleaner is running at maximum speed, "+" power is supplied to the brush located on the side.

To unload the contacts of the ignition switch, the cleaner is connected through an additional relay K6 in the mounting block.

The scheme of inclusion of a washer and a cleaner of a windshield

The windshield washer consists of a polyethylene tank with an electric pump installed on the left in the engine compartment, washer nozzles located on the hood, and flexible connecting hoses.

The washer is activated by the right-hand stalk, which energizes the pump motor and the windshield wiper relay, which activates the wiper at low speed if it is off or intermittent.

If the pump fails, replace it. Clogged nozzles can be blown in the opposite direction or cleaned with a fishing line.

Removal and disassembly of the windscreen cleaner

…remove it.

If necessary, we replace the gear motor gears, clean the contacts of the limit switch. We assemble in the reverse order.

Removing the level sensor, electric motor and washer reservoir

... and a bolt of the front fastening of the reservoir to the body.

The windshield washer is designed to spray washer fluid on the windshield of the car in order to increase the efficiency of the windshield wipers. Plus, due to moisture, the life of the wiper blades increases. Windshield washers are a must for every modern car.

The design and principle of operation of the washer

A typical scheme of a regular windshield washer includes the following elements:

liquid reservoir (tank);
electric pump;
jets (nozzles);
connecting fittings (tubes, adapters, etc.);
check valves;
wiring.

In addition, a system for heating the fluid in the tank and line, as well as heating the nozzles, can be added to the windshield washer design.

Tank is installed in the engine compartment (engine compartment) and is designed to store washer fluid. It is made with a filler neck, which is closed with a lid. The shape and volume of this reservoir depends on the specific car model. As a rule, the capacity is 2.5–4.0 liters. If the car is additionally equipped with a headlight or rear window washer, the volume of the reservoir may be large.

Pump through the sealing ring is rigidly attached to the tank body. Structurally, it is an electric motor with an impeller. The motor is powered by direct current. In most washer models, a coarse filter is additionally installed in front of the pump.

nozzles (jets) are the actuating elements of the windshield washer. As a rule, they are mounted on the hood cover or on the grilles of the air intake system (“jabot”). Jets provide liquid spray onto the surface of the windshield. Usually they are installed in two pieces.

Today there are two types of windscreen washer nozzles: jet and fan. The former are equipped with one or two nozzles. Fan type nozzles are more efficient. They provide a fan-shaped spray of liquid, which allows you to simultaneously moisten a large surface area of the windshield. The principle of their operation differs from jet devices in a large number of nozzles and a higher fluid pressure. The constant filling of the system with liquid and, as a result, the rapid creation of the necessary pressure for the operation of the fan nozzles is ensured by the windshield washer check valve.

Benefits of fan type nozzles:

uniform spraying of liquid;
low consumption;
humidification of a large area.

Disadvantages of fan type nozzles:

The simultaneous coating of a large area of the windshield with liquid impairs visibility, thereby reducing traffic safety for a few moments.

Connecting fittings provides a supply of liquid from a tank to nozzles. To prevent the washer fluid from freezing at low temperatures, the tank and / or nozzles are heated, and the hoses are also insulated.

Features of the windshield washer VAZ-2109

Cars of the VAZ-2109 series are equipped with a standard windshield washer, which includes the following elements:

polyethylene tank;
coarse filter;
electric pump;
solenoid valve;
flexible connecting hoses;
two jet nozzles;
fuse and wiring.

A tank with a bidirectional electric pump is installed in the engine compartment on the right. Depending on the voltage at the contacts of the solenoid valve, fluid is supplied to the windshield or rear window washer nozzles.

Jet nozzles are mounted on the hood. To calibrate the direction of the jet of liquid from the jets, insert the needle into the spray nozzle and turn the nozzle to the desired position.

The windshield washer VAZ-2109 is activated by the steering column switch, which is located on the right. When pressed, power is supplied to the pump drive solenoid valve and the windshield wiper low speed relay.

Windshield washer malfunctions VAZ-2109

The reasons for the failure of the windshield washer can be:

fuse blown;
poor contact at the pump motor terminals;
clogged filter or hoses;
nozzle clogging;
violation of the tightness of the system;
poor connection of the motor shaft with the pump;
failure of the electric motor;
freezing liquid.

In cases where the VAZ-2109 windshield washer does not work, first of all it is necessary to check the integrity of the corresponding fuse and the reliability of the electrical wiring connection. If the fuse is broken, replace it with a new one. Motor terminals can oxidize over time. Therefore, for reliable operation, it is recommended to clean them periodically.

If the washer does not work due to clogging of the fluid intake filter or hoses, it is necessary to flush. Sometimes blowing with compressed air helps.

Violation of the tightness of the washer system usually occurs due to the wear of individual elements of the connecting fittings (hoses, tees, etc.). In this case, the malfunction is eliminated by replacing the failed component with a new analogue.

The reason for the failure of the washer may be a poor connection between the motor shaft and the pump shaft. In this case, the pump does not provide the necessary pressure in the system, and the liquid will not flow to the nozzles. A similar situation occurs with the failure of the electric motor.

At low temperatures, the main cause of windshield washer failure is fluid freezing in the system. To eliminate this malfunction, it is enough to warm up the car in a warm room.

Refinement of the windshield washer VAZ-2109

As a rule, even undiluted washer fluid thickens at temperatures below -10 ° C. As a result, there is not enough pressure in the system. The fluid exits the jet nozzles with low pressure, not reaching the windshield. To prevent this from happening, it is recommended to install tank heating. This revision can be done independently with minimal effort and money.

To install the washer reservoir heating system, it is necessary to prepare 0.5 m of copper tube with a cross section of 8.0-9.0 mm, a new lid for the reservoir, a petrol-resistant reinforced hose and clamps for fastening.

First, we bend the tube, make a heat exchanger for the tank, the appearance of which resembles a conventional electric boiler. Then we cut two holes in the lid and solder both ends of the tube into them. We “embed” the heating element with the help of hoses into the return of the stove or into the heating system of the throttle assembly.

The windshield washer will work more efficiently if the standard jet jets of the VAZ-2109 are replaced with fan-type nozzles from the “tens”. At the same time, it is better to install them not on the hood cover, as provided by the manufacturer, but on the air intake grilles (“jabot”). In this case, it will be possible to additionally install nozzle heating using a copper heat exchanger, powered by the stove return. The copper tube should be placed at the bottom of the "jabot" directly under the jets.

Windshield wiper and washer connection diagram: 1 - windshield washer motor; 2 - windshield wiper motor; 3 - ignition switch; 4 - fuse box; 5 - windshield wiper and washer switch; 6 - conditional numbering of plugs in the switch block; 7 - windshield wiper relay; 8 - conditional numbering of plugs in the blocks of the relay and the windshield wiper motor.

The windshield wiper consists of a gearmotor, a lever and a brush. Cleaner electric motor - two-brush, direct current, with excitation from permanent magnets. To protect against overloads, a thermal bimetallic fuse is installed in it. Specifications of the gearmotor: Shaft rotation frequency at a supply voltage of 14 V, a load of 0.15 kgf-m and an ambient temperature of (25 + 10) ° С, min-1, not less than 50 Current consumed in these conditions, A, not more than 3 ,5 The cleaner has two modes of operation - continuous and intermittent, they are switched on by the right switch under the steering wheel. The intermittent mode is provided by a relay type RS-514 installed under the instrument panel on the left side. The relay must ensure the inclusion of the electric motor with a frequency of 9-17 cycles per minute at temperatures from -20 to +50 ° C and a supply voltage of 10 V. At the beginning of operation in intermittent mode, up to four continuous double strokes of the brush are allowed. It is recommended to replace a faulty gearmotor (cleaning of the collector and limit switch contacts is possible). The windshield washer consists of a polyethylene tank with an electric pump installed in the engine compartment, a washer nozzle located on the hood, and flexible connecting hoses. The pump motor is turned on by pulling the right stalk switch towards you. The defective pump is replaced. Clogged nozzles can be blown in the opposite direction or cleaned with a fishing line.