VAZ 2121 steering drawing. Steering

13.10.2019

1. Side traction;
2. bipod;
3. Medium thrust;
4. Pendulum lever;
5. Adjusting clutch:
6. Lower ball joint suspension;
7. Rounded fist;
8. Upper suspension ball joint;
9. Upper steering shaft bearing;
10. Arm of fastening of a shaft of a steering;
11. Upper steering shaft;
12. Pendulum arm bracket;
13. Right side member of the body;
14. Bottom slip ring:
15. Lower slip ring holder;
16. signal switch holder;
17. Top slip ring;
18. Signal switch spring:
19. Sound signal switch;
20. Facing of a cover of the switch of a signal;
21. The wire;
22. Top washer;
23. seal;
24. Pendulum arm axle bushing;
25. bottom washer;
26. Oil filler plug;
27. Protective cap;
28. Steering gear housing;
29. Steering shaft seal;
30. Intermediate steering shaft:
31. body front fixing plate;
32. Upper part of the facing casing;
33. Wiper and washer switch lever:
34. Steering wheel:
35. Turn signal switch lever;
36. Headlight switch lever;
37. The lower part of the facing casing;
38. Coupling bolt for universal joint yoke:
39. Left side member of the body floor;
40. The lower cover of the crankcase of the steering mechanism;
41. Adjusting pads;
42. The axis of the roller shaft of the bipod;
43. Roller Thrust Washer;
44. Video clip;
45. Adjusting screw plate;
46. lock washer;
47. Adjusting screw;
48. Lock-nut:
49. Steering Gear Upper Cover:
50. Worm;
51. Worm bearing;
52. Worm shaft;
53. Worm shaft seal;
54. Bipod shaft bushing:
55. Bipod shaft seal;
56. bipod shaft;
57. Protective cover of the ball pin;
58. Ball pin insert;
59. Ball pin:
60. Liner spring:
61. Stub.

There are two main parts of the steering: the steering mechanism and the steering gear. The steering mechanism includes a worm gear, a steering shaft with a mounting bracket and a steering wheel. The gearbox, the gear ratio of which is 16.4, is assembled in a crankcase 28, cast from an aluminum alloy. The crankcase is attached to the left side member 39 of the body with three bolts. The worm 50, pressed onto the shaft 52, rests on two ball angular contact bearings 51, the clearance in which is regulated by gaskets 41 located under the bottom cover 40. The correct adjustment of the worm bearings is checked by a dynamometer by the magnitude of the friction moment of the worm shaft. It should be within 10-50 Nm (2-5 kgfcm) in a position where the roller does not engage with the worm (when assembling the steering gear). The end of the worm shaft protruding from the crankcase is sealed with an oil seal 53. A cardan joint is fixed to the slots of the worm with a coupling bolt. Double ridge roller 44 rotates on axle 42 in a needle or double row ball bearing. The axis of the roller is located in the holes of the shaft 56 of the bipod, and its ends after assembly are riveted using electrical heating. The engagement of the roller with the worm occurs with an offset of 5.5 mm, which allows you to adjust the gap in the engagement of the worm pair. The bipod shaft 56 is installed in two bronze bushings 54 pressed into the steering gear housing. The end of the shaft 56 at the outlet of the crankcase is sealed with an oil seal 55. The gap in the engagement of the roller with the worm is regulated by the screw 47, the head of which is located in the T-shaped groove of the upper end of the bipod shaft 56. The axial gap between the screw head and the groove of the shaft is eliminated by installing the plate 45. In spare Parts of these plates are supplied in thicknesses from 1.95 to 2.20mm. The adjusting screw 47 is screwed into the cover 49 and is fixed from turning by a curly washer 46 with a mustache that enters the groove of the screw and a lock nut 48. The gap between the roller and the worm is eliminated by screwing the adjusting screw 47 into the cover 49. When adjusting the gap, the bipod should occupy the middle position, which corresponds to the movement of the car in a straight line (the marks on the worm shaft and on the crankcase 28 must match). At the lower end of the bipod shaft there are conical splines, on which, in a certain position, when the double groove of the bipod is aligned with the double spline of the shaft, it is fastened with a bipod nut 2. The steering shaft consists of the upper 11 and intermediate 30 shafts. The intermediate shaft has two cardan joints, one of which it is connected to the worm shaft, the other - to the upper steering shaft. To prevent movement of the intermediate shaft, the outer forks of the hinges are tightened with bolts that pass through the annular grooves of the shafts. The supports for the upper shaft are two needle bearings located in the tube of the bracket 10 for fastening the steering shaft. On the upper end of the shaft 11 in a strictly defined position, which provides a double groove in the wheel hub and a double spline on the shaft, the steering wheel 34 is installed and fastened with a nut. The nut after tightening with a torque of 50 Nm (5 kgcm) is punched at one point. On the upper part of the tube of the bracket 10, a three-lever switch for the headlights, direction indicators, wiper and windshield washer is fixed with a clamp. Safety of steering is ensured by the feature of mounting the steering shaft bracket and the use of an intermediate shaft with cardan joints. Bracket 10 is fastened with four bolts to the car body bracket. The front part of the bracket 10 is fastened through two fixing plates 31. The edges of these plates bend under a certain load and slip through the rectangular holes of the bracket, i.e. the bracket 10 rotates relative to the rear attachment points due to the deformation of the body bracket. At the same time, if the car collides with any obstacle, the upper part of the steering shaft and the steering wheel move back slightly, and the steering force on the driver’s body is sharply reduced, which ensures the driver’s safety in emergency situations. The steering shaft together with the bracket 10 are closed by a facing casing 37, which consists of the upper and lower parts fastened together with screws. The steering drive consists of an average transverse link 3, two side transverse links 1, swing arms, a pendulum lever 4 and a bipod 2. The middle link 3 is solid, has ball joints at the ends, with which it is connected to the pendulum lever and the steering arm. Each side rod has two threaded ends connected to each other by an adjusting sleeve 5. The sleeve is fixed on the rod ends with two clamps. The rotation of the clutch 5 changes the length of the lateral thrust when adjusting the toe of the front wheels. The outer tips of the side rods 1 are connected by ball joints to the pivot arms, each of which is bolted to the steering knuckle 7, the inner tip of the right side rod is connected to the pendulum lever, and the left side rod is connected to the bipod. The linkage ball joint consists of a steel pin 59 whose spherical head rests on a tapered bushing 58 made of high EP plastic. Spring 60, pressing the liner to the spherical head of the pin 59, creates the necessary tightness in the ball joint. The conical part of the pin goes into the conical hole of the pivot arm (bipod or pendulum arm) and is fastened with a castellated nut. During assembly, the ball joints are filled with SRB-4 grease and sealed on one side with a plug 61 rolled in the rod end, and on the other side with a reinforced protective cap 57. Replenishment or replacement of lubricant during operation is not required. Bracket 12 of the pendulum lever is fixed on the inside of the right side member with two bolts with self-locking nuts. In the hole of the bracket 12 there are two plastic bushings 24, on which the axis of the pendulum lever is rotated. Washers are pressed to the ends of the bushings. The upper washer 22 is mounted on the axle flats and pressed with a castellated nut. The lower washer 25 is pressed against the sleeve by a self-locking nut. The pendulum lever 4 is fixed on the axle with the same nut. Rubber sealing rings 23 are installed between the end surfaces of the washers and the body of the pendulum arm bracket. During assembly, the cavity between the bushings is filled with Litol-24 grease, and the bushings are lubricated with the same grease.

Dear customers, in order to avoid errors when sending the steering mechanism of the gearbox, VAZ 2131 column assembly, short shaft, in the "Comment" line, indicate the model and year of manufacture of your car.

Steering is necessary in order to convert the rotation of the steering wheel around its axis into the rotation of the wheels. Moreover, the rotation of the wheels must be performed synchronously to ensure a smooth ride. On the VAZ 2131, a worm-type gearbox is installed as a steering wheel rotation converter. In its design there is one important element - a worm gear. It is due to it that the rotation is converted into the transverse movement necessary to change the position steering rods

1 - crankcase; 2 - bipod; 3 - lower crankcase cover; 4 - adjusting shims; 5 - the outer ring of the worm shaft bearing; 6 - separator with balls; 7 - bipod shaft; 8 - adjusting screw; 9 - adjusting plate; 10 - lock washer; 11 - worm shaft; 12 - top cover of the crankcase; 13 - sealing gasket; 14 - bipod shaft sleeve; 15 - worm shaft seal; 16 - bipod shaft seal

Steering gear worm 21213-3401035, bipod 21213-3401090.

The gearbox, otherwise called the steering column, is located in the engine compartment, immediately under the vacuum brake booster. As such, the VAZ 2131 steering gear does not require maintenance, it is enough just to make sure that no oil flows out of it. Attention: The backlash in the gearbox causes some inconvenience, since the VAZ steering wheel has a fairly large free play and it becomes problematic to maneuver.

To reduce the backlash of the steering wheel, you need to perform a few simple manipulations. The first step is to call an assistant who will rotate the steering wheel during the adjustment. Prepare a tool - a key for 19 and a wide flat screwdriver.

The steering column lends itself to only one adjustment; in case of failure, the most optimal option is to completely replace it.

loosen adjusting plate 9 on adjusting screw 8, you can even unscrew it completely. The assistant rotates the steering wheel in different directions a quarter of a turn from its original position. At the same time, you, using a screwdriver, screw in the screw until the backlash disappears. This adjustment will reduce the free play, the steering wheel will rotate a little tighter. Finally, tighten the screw securely. It will be a little more difficult to replace the gearbox, but the steering will become more reliable.

In stores, you can buy a repair kit to restore the column. It is worth noting that such a repair is highly undesirable, because the gearbox housing has its own output, which can be an obstacle when installing new gears. Because of this, the rotation of the steering wheel of the VAZ 2131 will either be tight or will be jammed.

With steering play, the column may be in good order, but the fasteners to the car body may be loosened. They must be checked first of all, because there may be cracks on the side member and because of this the column may hang out.

The gearbox is subject to repair if the threaded part on its shafts is damaged, and due to damage or severe wear of the threaded part of both shafts that are in the gearbox, bearings, the following steering problems may occur, namely, the steering wheel can rotate and have play at the same time, in addition, the steering wheel can rotate, but the wheels themselves do not, and the steering wheel can simply lock in one place and not move anywhere and will stand there, oil can still flow from the steering gear, but this will already happen in another reason, the gearbox housing is damaged and has through cracks (this can happen after corrosion). If something happened to the oil seals, then the oil will also constantly flow out of the gearbox and in connection with this the steering wheel will spin harder (the oil will all leak out) and on the body or at the bottom of the cars you will notice constant traces of oil leaking from the gearbox.

If a leak is found, it is advisable to repair or replace the assembly. If this is not possible, try to keep the oil level normal.

Other articles of the product and its analogues in the catalogs: 21213340001010.

VAZ 21213-21214i, VAZ 2131, VAZ 2120.

Any breakdown - this is not the end of the world, but a completely solvable problem!

Causes of failure of the steering gear VAZ 2131 in a car of the NIVA family.

How to independently replace the steering gear VAZ 2131by car of the NIVA family.

With Internet Shop AvtoAzbukarepair costs will be minimal.

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In 1970, the designers of the Volga Automobile Plant, who at that time were already mastering the production of the first VAZ model, were tasked with creating a comfortable off-road vehicle. At the development stage, many components and assemblies of the Zhiguli migrated to the prototype of the new model. The car turned out to be quite light in appearance, and off-road due to its cross-country characteristics. At the same time, the interior turned out to be almost identical to the passenger car.

In 1974, the first 15 samples were produced, which went through a full cycle before serial testing. And in the middle of 1977, the first production car VAZ-2121 rolled off the assembly line. Some time after the launch of the conveyor, the car gained high popularity due to its reliable design and excellent off-road performance. In the best years, up to 80% of the cars produced were exported. An important role in such popularity of the car was played by the reliable and well-balanced design of the Niva, which made it possible to operate the car in different climatic and road conditions. The combination of a power unit, suspension, a rigid two-dimensional body, transmissions and reliable steering provided the Niva with a long life on the assembly line. One of the important critical systems of a car is considered to be steering, the heart of which is the steering gear.

On the Niva, a worm-type steering gear is used. It provides reliable control of the car at any speed and in different traffic conditions. The worm mechanism is equipped with a globoid type worm (variable shaft diameter) connected to the intermediate shaft, roller. A bipod is installed on the outer part of the roller shaft, which, by means of rods, drives the swivel mechanism. The rotation of the steering wheel ensures the movement of the bipod by means of a worm gear, it turns the wheels with rods.

The worm gear steering has a low level of sensitivity to shocks and impacts transmitted from the wheels on rough roads. It has the ability to direct the VAZ car to large turning angles and, accordingly, provides excellent vehicle maneuverability. The disadvantage of the worm gear is the difficulty in production. Worm steering has many connections, which requires periodic adjustment and adjustment.

The worm gear is used on off-road passenger cars with dependent steering wheel suspension, light trucks and buses. The simplicity of the design has an increased resource and a high degree of maintainability. A slight disadvantage may seem to be a slightly increased effort on the steering wheel, which occurs for a number of reasons. After analyzing the design of the steering gearbox and the loads acting on it, we determine the problem areas and ways to solve problems.

The base is equipped with a worm pair, which during operation causes steering resistance due to friction between the worm and the worm gear. This is the principle of operation of the worm gear; accordingly, it is not possible to completely get rid of this factor. The solution is the use of high-quality lubricant in the gearbox and monitoring the condition of working surfaces.

The steering gearbox has two rolling bearings (worm shaft), two plain bearings on the bipod shaft (it is also the worm wheel shaft). The bearings themselves, in good and lubricated condition, reduce the friction of the main parts (and, accordingly, reduce the force on the steering wheel).

In addition, the pendulum lever, which rotates on two plain bearings, makes its contribution and ensures the movement of the steering rack. The use of high-quality lubricant and periodic monitoring of the condition of anthers, joints and rods will reduce the possibility of increased force on the steering wheel.

Thirdly, six steering fingers must provide a high-quality connection, work correctly in the same planes with the system, and ensure the mobility of the steering mechanism.

Secrets of the mechanism

In addition, ball bearings and their condition affect the force. Four supports are installed on the VAZ 2121, while damage or breakage of even one will lead to poor performance of the entire steering mechanism. Periodic monitoring of the condition of the anthers, timely routine replacement of ball joints, the use of high-quality spare parts have a positive effect both on reducing the effort on the steering wheel and on the handling of the Niva 2121 as a whole. When replacing new ball bearings, it is necessary to check for the amount of lubrication and the integrity of the anther, since the leakage of the cap significantly reduces the resource of the assembly and causes an increase in friction.

The two front wheels, which rub against the road surface in corners, have a significant impact. This factor will not be eliminated by the laws of physics and the principles of driving a vehicle.

In all the main mechanisms, the rubbing surfaces are metal (polished, polished, chrome-plated), the quality of their processing and the presence of lubrication are fundamental.

In the VAZ steering gearbox, the bipod shaft is equipped with two bearings with bronze bushings, the friction between the shaft and the body is increased. Bronze bushings (sliding bearings), due to the fact that in a pair of steel-bronze the coefficient of friction is quite low. But it is still insufficient to achieve minimum resistance, therefore great importance is attached to the presence of a sufficient amount of grease in the steering gear. On the other hand, it is possible to use needle roller bearings instead of bronze bushings.

The fundamental factor in the operation of a rolling pair is the reduction in the contact area of moving parts, since the shaft does not touch the bearings, but rotates in the housing by means of needles. There is only rolling resistance, which significantly reduces the drag coefficient, and, accordingly, reduces the effort on the steering column.

In addition, the resource of parts and the durability of the steering mechanism are increased. Since bronze bushings perceive the load over the entire surface, and needle bearings only along the rolling line. The hardened steel needles used are able to withstand heavy loads that occur in the steering mechanism, depending on the operating conditions of the VAZ 2121.

In the pendulum arm, plain bearings can also be replaced with rolling bearings. This will increase the sharpness of control, give ease of control and contribute to the reliability and durability of the steering mechanism. Periodic monitoring of the condition of the anthers and fingers of the connection to the rail will increase the resource of parts and maintain the ease of control of the Niva 2121.

The use of these methods and compliance with the rules of periodic monitoring and maintenance will achieve certain results:

The force on the steering wheel is reduced at different speeds, when maneuvering in reverse and during parking. This improves the safety of the vehicle.
The level of impacts transmitted from the wheels to the steering wheel on rough roads is reduced. In this, the worm gear plays its role, which reduces the transmission of vibrations and shocks.
The service life of loaded parts is increased, which increases the durability and reliability of the steering gear. If bronze bushings are replaced with rolling bearings that have a longer service life and allow saving seats.
The efficiency of the steering gear and the steering mechanism as a whole is significantly increased, which contributes to an increase in the service life.
The force on the steering wheel is reduced, which has a positive effect on driving a VAZ car.

Repair and assembly

Proper and timely maintenance of the steering gear is the key to durable and reliable operation, but there are times when breakdowns do occur. In this case, repairs with complete or partial disassembly simply cannot be avoided. When repairing, it is necessary to pay attention to some features and important points, the use of which will increase the reliability of the mechanism and improve its characteristics.

To remove and disassemble the gearbox, it is necessary to hang out the front of the machine, remove the steering rods. Unscrew the bolt securing the supply shaft from the gearbox shaft from the passenger compartment. Next, we disconnect the gearbox from the spar by unscrewing the three bolts with box wrenches. In the engine compartment, remove the hoses and parts that are on the line of the steering rods.

When the gearbox is unscrewed and removed from the shaft in the cabin, then we pull it out from the engine compartment by turning the bipod to the left. Particular attention should be paid to the condition of the gaskets, their location and degree of wear. Inadequate sealing can lead to loss of lubrication or contamination of internal cavities. The next step is to unscrew the plug and remove the oil from the steering gear housing, after which you need to unscrew the bipod.

We put the gearbox on a stand of two boards so as not to damage the splines of the shaft and unscrew the nut, after that we remove the bipod. Additionally, you can screw the nut onto the shaft until the ends are mutually aligned. Next, we disconnect the steering gear cover, gradually unscrewing the locknut of the adjusting bolt and remove the cover, gradually shifting it towards the worm.

At the same time, you need to be especially careful with the gaskets if they are in good condition, with the slightest jam or pressing out - the gasket must be replaced. The next step is to take out the bipod shaft, press in the worm shaft and remove the seals. All cavities must be rinsed and wiped with a rag, checking for dents, chips or other damage. It is also necessary to check the crankcase for the presence of metal chips, which indicates wear on certain parts. It is imperative to check the gaps and backlashes in the mating parts, check the wear of the working surfaces. After inspecting the steering gear, if necessary, we replace the damaged parts.

The assembly is carried out in the reverse order, be sure to lubricate the parts with oil, and all the oil seals with grease (lithol). Install a new cover gasket with an adjusting screw. We mount the bipod by tightening the nut as much as possible. Then we install the steering gear in its regular place, special attention must be paid to the connection of the worm with the intermediate shaft, distortions and misalignments are not allowed here.

It is also necessary to combine the direction of the bipod and the steering wheel. The average position of the bipod can be determined by counting the number of revolutions of the shaft and dividing by two. Next, tighten the gearbox mounting nuts (it is advisable to install new ones), attach the tie rods to the bipod. Pour oil into the gearbox housing and select the play in the steering gearbox with an adjusting bolt. In order to avoid damage to wheel tires and loss of controllability of the VAZ 2121 car, it is necessary to diagnose the camber (convergence) at the stand.

By adhering to these not tricky recommendations, you can improve the controllability of the VAZ, increase driving safety, the durability of the steering gear and the mechanism as a whole. The use of a worm-type steering gearbox on the VAZ 2121 has justified itself for many, not only years, but decades. Having the need for periodic adjustment and maintenance, the gearbox ensures trouble-free operation throughout its entire service life. The simplicity of the design makes it possible to confidently operate the car in any road conditions, without fear that the steering wheel will fail. The gearbox has a high maintainability and is easy to maintain.

Not really

The steering on the "Niva" can be with hydraulic booster (starting from 2009), without hydraulic booster, and also equipped with an airbag. Since November 1998, to improve passive safety, a telescopic intermediate shaft has been installed on cars instead of a cylindrical intermediate shaft, and the steering wheel is attached with a self-locking nut.

Steering gear assembly with drive(without hydraulic booster)


1 - bipod; 2 - medium thrust; 3 - body of the pendulum arm bracket; 4 - axis of the lever; 5 - pendulum lever; 6 - bushing; 7 - adjusting nut; 8 – an internal tip of draft; 9 - adjusting clutch; 10 - lower ball bearing; 11 – a rotary fist; 12 - upper ball bearing; 13 - rotary lever;	14 – an external tip of draft; 15 - coupling collar; 16 - right side member; 17 - top cover of the crankcase; 18 - steering gear housing; 19 - sealant; 20 - worm shaft; 21 - shaft bracket; 22 - intermediate shaft; 23 - upper shaft; 24 - steering wheel; 25 - left side member.

Upper steering shaft

11 - upper shaft bearing; 12 - steering shaft mounting bracket; 13 - lock sleeve; 14 - pipe bracket for mounting the steering shaft; 15 - upper steering shaft;

Power Steering Device(since 2009)

View from the bottom of the car on the steering elements

The location of the steering controls on the car: 1, 7 - outer tips of steering rods; 2, 6 - adjusting couplings; 3, 5 - inner tips of steering rods; 4 - hydraulic booster pump; 8 - steering mechanism; 9 - medium thrust; 10 - pendulum lever

The hydraulic booster system includes a vane pump, a reservoir for working fluid, fluid inlet and outlet hoses, and a steering gear.

Power steering system: 1 - power steering pump; 2 - gasket; 3 - bolt fitting; 4 - high pressure hose; 5 - supply hose; 6 - tank cap with liquid level indicator; 7 - tank; 8 - clamp; 9 - steering mechanism; 10 - low pressure hose

Steering Description

Steering - with mechanical linkage, without power steering. Steering gear - "globoidal worm - double-ridged roller", gear ratio - 16,4 .

In a variant version, the car is equipped with a power steering booster, which significantly reduces the effort on the steering wheel. If the power steering is not functioning (for example, when the vehicle is towed with the engine off), the vehicle can still be steered, but this requires much more force to be applied to the steering wheel.

The steering trapezoid is formed by three steering rods (one middle and two side), a bipod, a pendulum lever and steering knuckle levers. The side rods consist of two tips connected by a threaded split coupling. On the inner (short) tip - right-hand thread, on the outer - left. On the coupling, the threads are also of different directions, so when it is turned, the length of the lateral thrust can increase or decrease, which is necessary to adjust the toe-in. The coupling is fixed on the tips with clamps.

At the ends of the steering rods are ball joints. Their pins are tapered into the levers and locked into them with cotter pin nuts. The ball head of the finger rotates in a plastic insert, pressed against the hinge body by a spring. The other end of the spring rests against a steel plug rolled into the hinge body. Due to the taper of the outer surface of the liner and the inner surface of the hinge body, when the liner is pressed, a play is selected between the liner and the ball head of the pin.

To make sure that the insert is not jammed in the body, press the hinge body in the direction of the finger with a hand or a mounting blade - while the finger should go inside the body by 0.5–1.5 mm. If the hinge is jammed or there is a noticeable backlash, the tie rod (steering tip) is replaced in it. The hinge is protected from moisture and dirt by a rubber cover pressed onto the body. If the boot is damaged, immediately replace it by removing old grease from the hinge surface and adding new grease (SHRB-4).

The pendulum arm bracket is attached to the right side member with two bolts with self-locking nuts. The body of the bracket is cast, made of aluminum alloy. It has two plastic bushings in which the axis of the pendulum lever rotates. Top and bottom washers are put on the axle, which press the bushings to the bracket body. The lower washer rests against the pendulum lever fixed on the axle with a self-locking nut, the upper one against the nut with a cotter pin. This nut is tightened on the removed bracket so that the pendulum lever does not rotate under its own weight, but only under a load of 1–2 kgf. On the working surfaces of the bushings and in the space between the axle and the body, Litol-24 grease is laid. To protect against dirt, two rubber o-rings are installed between the washers and the lever body. When the bushings are worn, they are replaced; when the body or axle is worn, the bracket is replaced.

The steering mechanism is attached with three bolts with self-locking nuts to the left side member. Its body is cast aluminum alloy. In its lower (elongated) part, two bronze bushings are pressed in, in which the steering arm shaft rotates. At the lower splined end of the shaft, the steering arm is fixed with a nut (it is installed on the shaft only in a certain position). On the upper part of the shaft, a tide with a cutout is made; it contains a double-ridged roller rotating in ball or needle bearings. The T-slot on the upper end of the shaft includes a screw head, which adjusts the gap between the roller and the worm (see below). The axial play of the head in the groove should not exceed 0.05 mm; this is achieved by selecting the thickness of the adjusting plate put on the screw. The screw moves along the thread in the steering gear cover and is locked with a nut and figured washer.

There are two options for installing the bipod shaft roller: on a needle or ball bearing.

The worm of the steering mechanism rotates in two ball angular contact bearings, the clearance in which is regulated by the selection of gaskets between the body and the bottom cover (in this case, oil is poured out of the mechanism, after the adjustment is completed, its level must be restored). With a properly adjusted gap, the moment of turning the worm shaft (with the bipod shaft removed) should be within 20–49 N.cm. If it is less, reduce the thickness of the gasket package, if more, increase it. After installing the bipod shaft, the gap in the engagement of the roller with the worm is adjusted: the moment of resistance to turning the worm shaft when turning 30 ° to the right and left from the middle position should be 88–118 N.cm, and at large angles - no more than 69 N.cm. In practice, the simplest control is as follows: on the removed steering mechanism, the worm shaft must be rotated by hand with a noticeable increase in effort near the middle position, there should be no axial play of the shaft.

To fill oil into the crankcase of the steering mechanism, an opening is provided in the top cover, which is closed with a screw plug. Transmission oil is poured up to the edge of this hole (0.215 l), and the level is controlled through it. Oil leakage is possible from under the bottom cover of the worm shaft bearing (due to its deformation) or through the stuffing box seals of the bipod and worm shafts. Repair of the gearbox at home (with the exception of adjusting clearances and replacing oil seals) is not recommended.

The steering shaft is two-link, consists of the upper and intermediate shafts. The upper shaft rotates in two bearings with rubber bushings, rolled in the shaft bracket tube. In the lower part, a ring with a groove is welded to the shaft, into which the locking bolt of the anti-theft device enters. A steering wheel is fixed on the upper splined end of the shaft, its fastening nut is screwed.

The intermediate shaft has cardan joints at the ends with split splined tips, tightened by bolts; the lower one is connected to the worm shaft, the upper one - to the upper steering shaft.

Steering safety is ensured by folding the steering shaft due to cardan joints and special fastening of the steering shaft bracket. The latter is attached to the body bracket at four points: on top - on welded bolts with nuts and washers, on the bottom - with special detachable bolts with fixing plates. In a collision, the edges of the fixing plates are deformed and slip through the rectangular holes of the steering shaft bracket. At the same time, due to the folding of the steering shaft, the steering wheel does not move back, but up and forward, reducing the likelihood of injury to the driver's chest.

Adjusting the gap in the engagement of the roller with the worm gear of the steering mechanism on a VAZ 2121 and Niva 2131 car is performed in the case of an increased free play of the roller, which in turn is observed on the steering shaft, namely its vertical movement - play. Adjustment should be performed only if there is no axial clearance of the worm movement in the bearings. To perform repair work, prepare a standard set of tools, and then do the following sequence of actions:

Open the hood of the car and clean the surface of the steering column from dirt.

Prying off with a flat screwdriver, remove the cap from the adjusting screw.

Next, with a nineteen ring wrench, unscrew the lock nut of the screw, after which we remove it and the lock washer located under it. Please note that the washer with its antennae enters the corresponding groove on the screw, thereby counteracting its rotation. The sliding of the washer itself on the surface of the steering mechanism is counteracted by the corresponding influxes made on the column cover.