The Toyota brand (Toyota) is today considered the world's largest car manufacturer. More than 5.5 million cars leave the company's conveyors annually. In terms of time frames, every 6 seconds a new car of this brand appears in the world. How the Japanese creators managed to move from the manufacture of textile machines to leadership in the global auto industry, you will learn further.
Prerequisites for the development of the company
The forerunner in creating the greatest magnate in the auto industry was Toyoda Automatic Loom Works. She was engaged in the production of machine tools for the textile industry. The peculiarity of the equipment was the spontaneous stop of the machine when there was a problem in operation (the principle of jidoka).
1929 Sakichi Toyoda, the creator of automatic looms, sells a patent for the invention to the British, and he invests the profits from the sale in the development of the business of his son Kiichiro Toyoda.
Sakichi Toyoda was born into a carpenter's family on February 14, 1867. In 1890, he created a hand-operated wooden loom, and six years later, Japan's first electric loom. Toyoda does not stop there, in 1924 an automatic textile machine appears that does not require stopping equipment to replace shuttles. In the same year, Sakichi's son Kiichiro was born, who will create his own car company Toyota.
After a detailed study of the automotive industry in Europe, the United States in 1930, Kiichiro Toyoda will start producing his own car. 1933 for Toyoda Automatic Loom Works will be marked by the appearance of a subsidiary branch for the production of cars under the leadership of Kiichiro Toyoda. This fact will be significant for the development of the automotive industry in Japan and the world.
Stages of brand development
First successes
The history of the great automobile brand begins in 1933. After 2 years, two car models appear: the passenger Model A1 (later renamed Model AA) and the cargo Model G1. The models are equipped with a type A engine of their own design, but in many ways they resemble the well-known Chevrolet cars, Dodge Power Wagon.
G1 trucks were to the taste of the Chinese authorities, the corporation exported a whole batch of trucks to China. Now the brand has become recognized not only in Japan, but also abroad.
1937 - the company becomes independent, moves to a new stage of development already as Toyota Motor Co., Ltd. The updated brand name sounds softer, promises to bring good luck (the word Toyota written in katakana consists of 8 dashes, which, according to Japanese beliefs, symbolizes success).
The impact of the war on production
The war years suspended the development of the company and the release of new models. All attention was paid to the production of trucks for the Japanese army. An acute shortage of raw materials was noticeably felt, simplified models were produced, some trucks were even made with one headlight.
During the war, the company's capacities in Aichi Prefecture also suffered, which complicated the further development of the brand, but did not stop it. Despite the difficulties, in 1947 the company managed to release new passenger cars (Model SA).
The deep economic crisis led to a strike of the company's workers. It was Taichi Ohno's concept called "Kamban" or "lean manufacturing" that helped the management find a way out. The new concept saved Toyota from unreasonable expenditure of time, effort, materials and guaranteed a high leap in development.
Thanks to "lean manufacturing", the entire production process of the company began to adhere to two basic principles: "just in time" and full automation. Both principles complement each other. The first principle stipulated the arrival of spare parts to the assembly position when necessary and in the right quantity. This made it possible to reduce stocks in warehouses and gradually replenish them. In addition, Taichi Ohno identified 7 types of waste in the production process and outlined methods to reduce them.
What is the essence of the philosophy of lean manufacturing, you can learn from the video.
Production and sales were separated, in 1950 Toyota Motor Sales Co appeared, it was exclusively engaged in the sale of products.
On the road to fame
1952 - the first head of Toyota died, but the concern continued to be active. 1956 - Japanese cars hit the American market. A detailed study of the requirements of the population allowed the brand to successfully gain a foothold in the United States, Brazil, and then proceed to Europe and Australia.
In the history of the brand's development, there is a rapid growth and success. 1961 - The Toyota Publica, a compact, resource-efficient car, enters the market. 1962 - the jubilee (millionth) car was released, 1966 - the release of a new Corolla model took place, which made a splash in the global automotive industry.
1967 - the brand increases production, two cooperations were signed at once with automakers Hino, Daihatsu.
World fame
In the 80s, the concern expects a number of pleasant changes:
- Toyota Motor Sales Co., Ltd. merges. and Toyota Motor Co., Ltd. (1982);
- 1982 - production of the famous Toyota Camry model is launched, and the brand itself is recognized by the world community as a powerful and worthy competitor in the automotive market;
- a cooperation agreement was signed with the largest auto giant General Motors (1983);
- 1986 - 50 millionth Toyota car is produced;
- there is a division of the Lexus concern, created to produce premium cars. 1989 - luxury models Lexus LS400, Lexus ES250 replenish the release;
- the company creates its logo in the form of the letter "T", which is formed by two ovals (1989).
The production of cars of the brand is growing exponentially, by 1996 the number of cars produced reached 90 million, in 1999 it exceeded 100 million.
In the struggle for the purity of the planet, hybrid cars Raum (1996), Avensis and the Land Cruiser 100 SUV (1998), as well as the well-known Prius model, are created, its production and sale exceeded 50 thousand in 2000 alone.
2002–2009 - the company actively participates in Formula-1 races.
You can see how the Toyota brand was created and developed throughout the time in the video.
Brand competitors
The constant pace of invention of new production technologies, the introduction of high-end models and features into budget vehicles, flexibility in environmental and resource-saving issues have increased the demand for the brand's products. Japanese cars turned out to be compact, comfortable and economical for the consumer, and most importantly, affordable.
2007–2009 - Toyota occupies a leading position. The global crisis of 2008 also affected the concern, it ends 2009 with losses. But this did not stop the brand from overtaking its own main rivals: global giant General Motors (GM) and Volkswagen.
2012 - the concern takes a leading position. Timely response to fashion trends, customer preferences, reasonable price in relation to high quality allow the company to maintain leadership, not to yield to competitors. In addition, the management of the concern also takes care of wealthy customers, offering them high-end Lexus cars.
2013 - Toyota is recognized as the most valuable brand in the world.
Toyota in Russia
For the first time, the official representation of a well-known brand in Russia appeared in 1998. The dynamic development of the automotive market prompted Toyota Motor Corporation to create a national company Toyota Motor LLC (2002). She was engaged in marketing, selling cars in the Russian Federation.
2007 - CJSC "Toyota Bank" began to operate in Russia. The bank was engaged in lending to Toyota and Lexus auto dealers. This move greatly facilitated the wholesale and retail purchase of cars of a famous brand. Soon, a car assembly plant was opened in the village of Shushary for the production of Toyota Camry class "E" cars. It was assumed that the plant would produce about 20 thousand cars a year with a prospect of up to 300 thousand cars. At the end of 2011, the company employed 600 people, the volume of work performed exceeded 14 thousand vehicles.
At the end of 2011, the Japanese concern was represented in Russia by Toyota Motor LLC, Toyota Motor Manufacturing Russia LLC. Their main offices are located in Moscow and St. Petersburg.
2015 - Toyota succeeded other Japanese brands. The most popular models on the Russian market are Land Cruiser Prado, Toyota Camry, Land Cruiser 200 and RAV4.
Toyota Land Cruiser 200 is currently the leader among full-size SUVs in the premium segment. The car's market share is 45%.
Brand share in the global market
Toyota Motors Corporation is engaged in the production and sale of cars for the transport of passengers and goods. Most of the concern's factories are concentrated in Japan, some facilities are located in other countries. For example, large factories in the USA, Thailand, Canada and Indonesia, where the number of employees varies from 5.5 thousand to 10 thousand people.
According to 2015 data, out of the number of cars purchased during the year (91 million), 9.6% fell on the Toyota brand.
The concern's products are actively purchased, the share of Toyota cars in some regions was:
- Japan (46.8%);
- North America (13.5%);
- Asia (13.4%);
- European countries (4.6%).
The brand management has excluded as much as possible operations and processes in the technological process that do not bring value to the consumer. The desire to improve, to satisfy the desires of customers ensures the success and leadership of the Toyota concern.
Japanese brand No. 1 - so briefly, in a nutshell, one can characterize the position of Toyota cars in the Russian market. These cars have been enjoying enviable popularity both among car enthusiasts and corporate clients for more than a decade, making up the fleets of companies operating in trade, financial, construction and other fields.
In terms of popularity, Toyota in Russia has noticeably overtaken such mastodons of the Japanese auto industry as Nissan, Mitsubishi, Subaru, Honda, Mazda, Suzuki. Even despite the far from the most favorable economic situation and market fluctuations, Toyota from year to year demonstrates a consistently high sales volume, consistently remaining in the TOP-10 most purchased cars in the Russian Federation.
Why did Russians like Toyota so much?
Everything is very simple: Toyota cars are reliable, time-tested vehicles with an impeccable reputation, confirmed by a number of competitive advantages. Cars manufactured under the Toyota brand can cope with the capricious Russian climate without any problems, they are not afraid of frost, they calmly “digest” far from the highest quality gasoline, they are not afraid of roads that leave much to be desired.
In Primorsky Krai, 90% of motorists drive Toyota cars
Both experts and motorists are unanimous in their opinion regarding the advantages and benefits of Toyota cars:
- Simple yet well thought out design
- Availability of spare parts and assemblies, their reasonable price
- High reliability and durability
- Ease of maintenance
The company's engineers use a unique tactic in the design of new models, which are based on time-tested and operational designs, schemes, technical solutions that have proven reliability, quality, and efficiency in practice.
Among the most popular Toyota cars in the Russian market are Corolla, Camry, Land Cruiser Prado, Rav 4, Avensis, Auris, Yaris and others.
Toyota "come" to Russia from different countries, they are also produced here. Which models of the Japanese brand, in which country are produced - an extremely interesting question that requires detailed consideration.
Made in Russia or where Toyota Rav 4 and Camry are assembled
Surprisingly, this moment is somehow not very extensively covered by television and the press. It is known that these machines are made in our country, but not everyone knows which specific models, where and who. Meanwhile, the Toyota Camry and Toyota RAV4 models are assembled at full speed at the plant in St. Petersburg. Production facilities are deployed in the village of Shushary, which is an intra-city municipality and at the same time an industrial zone of St. Petersburg.
Interesting facts about the Toyota plant in St. Petersburg:
June 14, 2005 - start of construction;
. December 21, 2007 - the release of the first Toyota off the assembly line;
. Technological operations carried out - stamping of body parts, production of plastic elements, welding, assembly, painting;
. Produced models - Toyota Camry, Toyota RAV4;
. The territory of the enterprise - 224 hectares;
. The volume of investments for the middle of 2017 is 24 billion rubles.
It is also noteworthy that the ceremony of launching the conveyor and the release of the first Russian Toyota Camry, in addition to official representatives from both sides, was attended by the President of the Russian Federation - Vladimir Putin, which eloquently testifies to the significance and importance of such projects for Russia.
To date, the Camry sedan and the RAV4 crossover are assembled only in our country and, in addition to the domestic market, are supplied to Kazakhstan and Belarus.
Where is the Toyota Corolla assembled?
Until mid-2013, the Corollas supplied to the Russian Federation were “purebred Japanese women” with the convincing stigma of Made in Japan, produced at the Takaoka enterprise. Everything changed dramatically with the advent of the 11th generation Toyota Corolla. The production of this model, oriented in particular to the Russian market, was established on the basis of facilities in Turkey, located in the city of Sakarya.
Regarding the build quality, we can say that it is quite comparable with the native - Japanese. Before the launch of the new Japanese Toyota Corolla sedan, the Turkish plant underwent a large-scale modernization, accompanied by an increase in the staff of skilled workers and an infusion of additional investments.
Toyota Corolla is one of the most popular cars not only in the countries of the former Soviet Union, but throughout the world. This fact is confirmed by the Guinness Book of Records, where the Corolla was given the status of the best-selling car.
With visually compact dimensions, Toyota Corolla has an unrealistically roomy interior. Indicative is the case that occurred in one of the Moscow car dealerships: for fun and in order to check the capacity of the Corolla, its employees managed to fit into the car with a full staff - all twenty people
Home Land Cruiser Prado
In the period from 2012 to 2014, the Land Cruiser Prado was assembled in Vladivostok at the production facilities of the Sollers-Bussan enterprise.
But, apparently, the Land Cruiser was not destined to get a second home. For economic, but rather political reasons, since there were no problems with the demand for this car, cooperation with Toyota under the Land Cruiser Prado program was suspended.
Currently, as before Vladivostok, all Land Cruiser Prado cars are produced exclusively in Japan at the Tahara plant. This most powerful enterprise is famous for the fact that almost 6 million cars are assembled here a year, about 280 thousand workers work on the assembly of which.
It is worth noting that Toyota cars, in particular, the Land Cruiser Prado, are recognized as the most reliable off-road vehicles in the world, because it is not just that they are constant companions of the UN and Red Cross missions, which carry out their actions in various, sometimes almost inaccessible, corners of the globe. .
Where is Toyota Avensis made?
At the moment, Toyota Avensis cars supplied to the Russian market are assembled in the UK in the city of Burnaston at the Toyota Motor Manufacturing plant. Engines for the machines are manufactured at an adjacent facility in North Wales.
Almost the entire production cycle is carried out at Toyota factories in the UK - machining of blanks, casting of heads and blocks, assembly of power units, stamping of metal body elements, production of plastic parts, welding, painting, other operations,
Noteworthy is the fact that although Toyota Avensis is positioned as a Japanese car, in fact it is not. This car was created exclusively for Europe, so in the Land of the Rising Sun they did not even hear about such a car.
Where is Toyota Auris made?
This is one of the most popular, and therefore best-selling cars of the Japanese brand. Toyota Auris is delivered to Russia from the same enterprise as Avensis, located in Burnaston, England. But this is if we talk about the latest version. Previous models came to us straight from Japan from the Takaoka factory. Therefore, if we are talking about a used Auris, then there is a good chance to acquire a “purebred Japanese”.
Toyota Auris has a full-hybrid gasoline-electric modification - a real masterpiece of Toyota designers, which allows you to operate the car in the "Electric Vehicle" mode with the gasoline engine idle
Where is Toyota Fortuner produced?
At the moment, Toyota Fortuner is produced in Thailand at Toyota's production facilities in this Asian state. Deliveries of Toyota Fortuner to Russia are also planned from there, the beginning of which is expected in October this year.
Until recently, the assembly of Toyota Fortuner cars was carried out in the Republic of Kazakhstan, but for a number of economic and technical reasons, production was stopped.
Interestingly, Fortuner was not originally intended for the markets of Japan, Europe, North America, Australia, China. For these regions, other models are provided that are similar in technical characteristics.
Where do Toyota Venzas come from?
Toyota Venza is not the most popular car among Russians, but it still has its admirers. These cars were produced at the Toyota plant in Georgetown in the USA and were focused more on the North American market. However, the critically low level of sales contributed to the curtailment of the project.
In 2015, sales of Venza in America ceased, and since the beginning of 2016, this model has "left" from the Russian market. To date, Toyota Venza is officially represented only in Canada and China.
Where are Toyota Yaris manufactured?
A small compact hatchback Toyota Yaris is assembled in France at the company's plant in Valenciennes. The Yaris production line was launched in 2001. During this time, the world saw more than 2.1 million Toyota Yaris cars.
All Toyota Yaris models have been completely designed by the company's R&D department in the south of France, allowing them to be best adapted to market demands.
Conclusion
The strategy of producing cars where they are in demand and sell well means that the manufacturer clearly feels the needs, requests, priorities of customers, as well as trends emerging in the global market. And this is almost a 100% guarantee of success. As you can see, Toyota has succeeded in this matter. But not only in this.
Unprecedented quality control and the maximum use of previous experience in the development of new models are the main criteria that explain the high reliability, and with it the popularity of Toyota cars around the world. That is why the opinion that cars assembled at production facilities in Russia, England, Turkey, France and other countries are inferior to “thoroughbred Japanese” is nothing more than a myth. It doesn't matter where Rav 4 or Land Cruiser is assembled. Toyota has always kept the brand and will take care of its image in the future - there is no doubt about it.
Article published on 08/14/2015 05:46 Last edited on 12/24/2016 06:26| Full title: | Toyota Motor Corporation |
| Other names: | Toyota |
| Existence: | August 28, 1937 - today |
| Location: | Japan: Toyota, Aichi |
| Key Figures: | Kiichiro Toyoda (founder) |
| Products: | Passenger, off-road, sports cars |
| The lineup: | Toyota Supra III Toyota 2000 GT Toyota Allion Toyota Alphard Toyota Auris Toyota bb Toyota Avalon Toyota Aygo Toyota Belta Toyota Caldina Toyota Xedos Toyota RAV4 |
The beginning of the 30s of the last century was marked by a real boom in car production in Japan. So in 1930, Daihatsu started manufacturing vehicles, and in 1933 Jidosha-Seido Ltd. was formed. - future Nissan. In the same year, Toyoda Automatic Loom Works decided to try its hand at car manufacturing, which in those years was engaged in the creation of textile machines (under license from the Austrian manufacturer Platt Brothers), and now known worldwide as simply Toyota.
Now it is difficult to say what made the founder of the company, Sakichi Toyoda, take such an unexpected step. Apparently the time then in the country of the Rising Sun was such a car. The support of such undertakings from the government also played a significant role. The son of the founder, Kiichiro Toyoda, became the head of the new division.
By 1935, the first model of a passenger car was developed, which received the uncomplicated name Model A1. In 1936, it went into mass production under the name Model AA. In parallel with it, the first truck model, called the Model G1, was also produced. The automotive division of the company, which achieved success, since 1937 became known as Toyota Motor Co., Ltd. and was spun off into a separate company. Please note that it is no longer "Toyoda", but "Toyota" - the aesthetic Japanese preferred to change the name somewhat, making it more euphonious (for the Japanese ear).
The Second World War brought with it military orders - trucks for the imperial army. They were assembled under conditions of the most severe economy (for example, only one headlight was installed on them) until the American aircraft completely bombed the company's factories.
The end of the war brought with it a severe crisis. However, Toyota Motor still brought to market a small car Model SA. For some time the company was on the brink of survival, barely making ends meet. The war helped to survive - this time the Korean one. In 1950, the division of Toyota Motor Sales Co. was created, which was engaged in sales (it will last until 1982).
A special milestone in the history of the company was 1956, when sales of Toyota cars started in the USA - these were Crown and Land Cruiser models. Sales in the US market were handled by Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A. Despite the fact that some mistakes were made, Toyota managed not only to gain a foothold in the American market, but also to assimilate well there. Gradually begin experiments (successful) and with other foreign markets. So, in the early sixties, Toyota comes to Europe and Australia. At the same time, the first foreign plant of the company appeared.
In 1962, the millionth car rolled off the assembly line. 1966 is notable for the fact that the Corolla appears, which was destined to become one of the company's most popular models - it is still being produced to this day. And in 1967, Daihatsu Motor joins Toyota.
In 1972, a new anniversary - the ten millionth car. And the oil crisis that erupted a year later added popularity to the small and economical Toyota. Especially in the USA. Cars from American manufacturers did not have such modest appetites and such high quality.
In 1982, Toyota Motor Co., Ltd. was merged. and Toyota Motor Sales Co., Ltd. into a single Toyota Motor Corporation. Another significant event of those years was the birth of the Lexus brand.
The nineties were also notable: in 1992, the Tokyo Design Center design studio was opened; affiliated research companies are created, such as Toyota System Research Inc. and Toyota System International Inc.; the Prius series is born, the cars of which were destined to become the most popular hybrid cars in the world; the first SCs are opened on the territory of the USSR; Toyota buys back the remaining shares and becomes the ultimate owner of Daihatsu Motor...
Today, Toyota Motor Corporation is one of the largest automakers in the world, with millions of vehicles rolled off its assembly lines every year. In addition to its main direction, the company is also engaged in the provision of financial services. Toyota employs hundreds of thousands of people around the world. Such popular and well-known brands as Yaris, Auris, Avensis, RAV4, Prado and others are produced. The company is very active in various sports, be it rally racing or Formula 1.
The last years of the first decade of the 21st century turned out to be unsuccessful for Toyota. For the first time since 1950, the company reported a loss. In addition, several scandals related to the reliability of her cars swept the world - also for the first time since no one knows what years.
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The company's products quickly conquered the market. Already in 1957, the company delivered a car
1962 is known for the release of the millionth car under this brand. And already in 1963, the first Toyota car was produced outside the country (in Australia).
Further development of the company is proceeding at an accelerated pace. New brands of Toyota cars appear on the market almost every year.
In 1966, one of the most popular cars of this manufacturer, the Toyota Camry, was released.
Significant for the company was 1969. This year, the company's sales reached one million cars in 12 months sold on the domestic market. In addition, the millionth Toyota car was exported in the same year.
For a younger buyer in 1970, the company produced a Toyota Celica car.
Thanks to the product's popularity and high sales volumes, Toyota continued to make a profit even after the international oil crisis in 1974. Cars of this brand are of high quality and a minimum number of defects. In production, a high level of labor productivity is achieved. Calculations made in the late 1980s showed that there were several times more cars produced for each employee of the company than at competing enterprises. Such indicators interested competitors who sought to find out the "secret" of the plant.
Also in 1979, Eiji Toyoda became chairman of the board of directors. Under his leadership, negotiations began with General Motors on the joint work of the companies. As a result, New United Motor Manufacturing Incorporated (NUMMI) was formed, which began to produce cars in Europe according to the Japanese system.
In the 90s, the share of Toyota cars in the markets of Europe, America, India and Asia increased significantly. At the same time, the model range has also increased.
All Toyota brands
Throughout its history, the company has produced more than 200 car models. Many models have several generations. All Toyota brands are listed below:
car model |
|||
| Allion | |||
| Alphard | |||
| Altezza | |||
| Altezza Wagon | Land Cruiser Cygnus | ||
| Aristo | Land Cruiser Prado | ||
| Aurion | |||
| Avalon | Lexus RX400h (HSD) | ||
| Avensis | |||
Mark II Wagon Blit | |||
Mark II Wagon Qualis | |||
Crown Royal Salon | |||
Camry Gracia Wagon | |||
Model Features
Toyota SA, unlike its predecessors, already had a four-cylinder engine. An independent suspension was installed. The overall design was already more like modern models. It can be compared with the Volkswagen Beetle, which is similar in its properties to the properties of the Toyota brand.
Released and exported to the United States in 1957, the Toyota Crown differed in performance from previously released models. They were equipped with a 1.5 liter engine.
The SF car model differed from the previous ones with a more powerful engine (27 hp more).
With the increase in gas prices in the 70s, the company switched to the production of small cars.
Modern Toyota models
New Toyota brands can be divided by type:
- Among the sedans stand out "Toyota Corolla" and "Toyota Camry".
- Hatchback Toyota Prius.
- SUVs Toyota Land Cruiser.
- Crossovers Toyota RAV4, Toyota Highlander.
- Minivan Toyota Alphard.
- Pickup
- Minibus Toyota Hiace.
All Toyota brands are distinguished by time-tested comfort and quality.
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The beginning of the history of automobiles is considered to be 1933, when the automobile department was opened in the company Toyoda Automatic Loom Works, specializing in textile production and previously not involved in cars. The head of the department was the eldest son of the owner of the company Sakihi Toyoda Kiichiro Toyoda. Under his leadership, she became world famous. Through the sale of a spinning machine patent to an English company Platt Brothers, Toyota had an impressive start-up capital.
The first Toyota passenger car was produced in 1935, it was called the Model A1.(later renamed Model AA). Following him, the first truck was released - Model G1. Since 1936, Model AA cars have been put into mass production. At the same time, exports began - the first batch of Model G1 trucks (as many as four) were delivered to China. Already in 1937, the automobile department became a separate company, named Toyota Motor Co., Ltd.
The development of the company continued after the Second World War. In 1947, another model began to be produced - Toyota Model SA. In 1950, for the first and last time, there was a strike of workers caused by a deep economic crisis. The management of the company resorted to a serious reorganization - a separate company appeared Toyota Motor Sales Co.,Ltd engaged in the sale of products. The reforms had a result and Toyota managed to survive the crisis with minimal losses.
In the 50s Japanese engineer Taichi Ohno developed the concept of Lean Manufacturing, which became the basis of the Toyota Production System. The new system (“kamban”) made it possible to eliminate almost all the wastage of materials, effort and time. Since 1962, the system has become widely used and contributed to the rapid development of the company.
Kiichiro Toyoda, the founder of the company, died in 1952. In the fifties, Toyota began to flourish, innovative technologies were developed by its own efforts, large-scale research was carried out. Also in the range appeared an SUV - Land cruiser and model Crown. Toyota expanded its influence to the United States, where it appeared Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A. At first, the expansion of Japanese cars into the United States market was unsuccessful, but over time, Toyota gained a significant share of the American market.
In 1961, a compact and economical car was released. Toyota Publica, the new model quickly gained popularity. In 1962, the millionth copy of Toyota was produced! In the sixties, the economic situation in Japan stabilized and began to develop rapidly. has become a strong figure in the markets of all continents. In the USA, the model was very popular Toyota Corona, whose export began in 1965. This model has generally become the most popular in the foreign market. The next model was even more popular - released in 1966, Toyota Corolla. This model is still in production today. In the same year Toyota bought another Japanese automaker - Hino. Also purchased in 1967.
In the 70s, the development of Toyota continued, new plants were built, technical re-equipment was constantly carried out. Economical car models began to be completed almost like expensive models. Production began in 1970 Toyota Celica, and in 1978 - models Sprinter, Tercel, Carina. Tercel was the first Japanese front wheel drive car.. In 1972, the number of cars produced by Toyota exceeded ten million. In that decade, it successfully overcame financial, energy, and environmental difficulties (the government forced the company to rework the exhaust system of cars in order to reduce air pollution).
In 1982, Toyota Motor Sales Co., Ltd merged with Toyota Motor Co., Ltd. to form Toyota Motor Corporation.. Then the production began Toyota Camry(More than five million units have been sold in the US in two decades!). Toyota has become the largest car manufacturer in Japan and the third largest in the world! In 1983, she signed a long-term agreement with General Motors, thanks to which their joint venture in the United States began to work. In the same year, the first phase of construction of the Toyota test site - Shibetsu, completed in 1988, was completed. In 1986, Toyota produced the 50 millionth copy! There are also new models - Corsa, Corolla II and 4Runner.
A major event was the emergence of an elite model - Lexus. It was the first Japanese luxury car, all previous models were compact, economical to operate and very inexpensive. In 1989, new Lexus models came out - LS400 and ES250.
1990 the design center was opened Tokyo Design Center, as well as the first authorized service station in the Soviet Union. Today in Russia it is impossible to count the number of dealerships. The sale of cars is in demand as the sale of tires and wheels in Moscow. Toyota has been actively expanding into the markets of many countries around the world. Toyota did not skimp on research funds - they formed Toyota System Research Inc.. (joint company with Fujitsu Ltd., 1990), Toyota Soft Engineering Inc. (c Nihon Unisys, Ltd., 1991), Toyota System International Inc. (with IBM Japan Ltd. and Toshiba Corp., 1991) . In 1992, Toyota issued Toyota Guiding Principles- the work, which described the principles of the corporation, was expressed corporate philosophy. The Earth Charter was also issued in response to the growing attention to environmental issues in society. In general, Toyota was engaged in environmental programs a lot, as a result, in 1997 it was produced the first model with a hybrid engine (Toyota Hybrid System) - Prius, whose sales for 4 years amounted to 80,000 copies worldwide. Soon hybrid engines appeared in models Coaster and RAV4.
The number of cars produced by Toyota continued to grow in progression - in 1991 there were already 70,000,000 of them, in 1996 - 90,000,000. In 1993, dealer agreements were concluded with Volkswagen and Audi. In 1995, a new global business plan was adopted, and the production of a variable valve timing (VVT-i) engine was launched. In 1996, a four-stroke gasoline engine with direct fuel injection (D-4) began to be produced. In 1997, a new hybrid model appeared - Raum, in 1998 - Avensis and a new generation of the Land Cruiser 100 SUV. The 100 millionth Toyota car was produced in 1999.
Now Toyota confidently occupies a position in the top three of the world's auto giants and the largest in Japan, the production capacity exceeds 5,000,000 cars per year (1 car every 5 seconds)! unites a lot of different companies, both related to the automotive industry and employed in other areas. Since 2002, he has been participating in the most prestigious racing series - Formula 1.
