Careless driving is fraught with loss of control over the vehicle. Especially in winter on poorly cleaned roadways. Skidding on all-wheel drive can lead to a collision, overturning of the car and its removal from the track. However, in such a situation, the driver has every chance to regain control and prevent an accident.
This term refers to a situation in which the rear of the car, as it were, tends to overtake the front. As a result, the transport turns around its own axis. This is due to the different friction coefficients of the bow and stern axles. Moreover, a force is applied to the rear wheels, going at 90o to the direction of movement of the machine. Usually the phenomenon is provoked by driver errors. But not always.
4 reasons why a car skids
There are not many factors that cause the problem. However, they are so common that almost every motorist met with drifts.
Harsh braking
From the first lessons in a driving school, students are taught to smoothly press the pedals. Hard braking, especially on poor road surfaces (slippery or wet), can lead to a skid. This is caused by inertia causing the vehicle to keep moving forward despite the resistance of the braking system. Moreover, due to the greater pressure on the surface, the front wheels slow down faster than the rear wheels, which continue to slide. From here, the stern of the car begins to "overtake" the bow, turning the transport around.
The situation is exacerbated by the different stopping intensity between the left and right side of the body. It is through hard braking or cornering that a controlled skid on the rear wheel drive is achieved. But this dangerous maneuver requires some skill.
Entering a corner at high speed
On slippery surfaces or during rain, a maneuver inevitably leads to loss of control. Skidding is provoked by centrifugal force, greater grip of the front tires due to the pressure of the engine mass and incorrect actions of the car owner, who starts sudden braking at the first signs of lateral drift of the car. To go into a controlled skid on the front wheel drive, you should accelerate a little during the turn. This action stabilizes the rear axle by deflecting momentum away from the center of gravity towards the stern.
Incorrect tire pressure
The degree of filling of tires with air determines the quality of grip. If it is low (with insufficient pressure), the risk of skidding increases significantly. It is very bad when the wheels are inflated to varying degrees. The difference in tread pattern also affects grip. It is because of this that the traffic police puts forward the requirement for their uniformity. Over-inflated tires can also cause an accident. If the tire bursts while driving, traction will be abruptly lost, and the vehicle may be blown to the side.
Pavement heterogeneity
Pits, a sharp transition from asphalt to gravel, hitting the side wheels on a wet area - all this can disrupt traction. At high speed, this leads to skidding. Especially if an inexperienced driver does not notice the obstacles in time and starts to brake sharply at the very last moment.
Basic rules for entry
The procedure depends on the drive type. But in any case, you must not panic. Stress will not allow you to remember where to turn the steering wheel when skidding. All movements must be smooth. Don't brake hard. The pedal is pressed gently, and the driver should not forget about the steering wheel. You should also carefully release the gas or add engine power. The latter just depends on the drive.
Action algorithm
Consider the order of exit from uncontrolled movement, depending on the drive. For each of the options developed its own efficient algorithm.
Video: Skid front-wheel drive car
When skidding a front-wheel drive car
In this case, regaining control is usually easier. So, what to do when skidding on the front wheel drive? You just need to carefully add gas so that the front axle increases the rotation and the rear wheels do not "lean" on the nose of the car. At the same time, it is necessary to carefully control the steering wheel, turning it in the direction of lateral deviation.
Exiting a skid on a front-wheel drive does not tolerate sudden braking. No less dangerous and excessive acceleration. If you press the pedal to the floor, the wheels may skid. From this, grip and acceleration will fall, with all the ensuing consequences.
How to get out of a rear wheel drive skid
In this case, other actions are taken. More skill is required from the driver. The algorithm for how to get out of a rear-wheel drive skid is as follows. The gas must be slowly reduced. This will reduce inertia and centrifugal force. Do not start sudden braking - the speed is reduced smoothly by reducing the gas. At the same time, the driver will have to turn the steering wheel in the direction of the skid. You can even act a little ahead of the curve.
The described procedure, what to do when skidding on a rear-wheel drive, is analyzed in detail at auto courses. Questions about this are included in the exam papers. Getting into a real situation, you need to remember the theoretical foundations and not get confused due to stress.
Management Rules
Getting out of a skid is pretty hard. The rules seem to be clear:
- add or reduce gas depending on the drive;
- turn towards the skid;
- do not resort to sudden braking.
However, not everyone succeeds in avoiding an accident. Inexperienced and insecure drivers are advised to take an extreme driving course. You can also practice on your own - just choose an empty wide area. Approximately the way the characters in the video did it.
When skidding an all-wheel drive vehicle
In winter, driving a car is much more difficult than at any other time. Problems can overtake you even before the start of the movement, but this, as practice shows, is only flowers. One of the most dangerous moments in driving a car in winter is skidding. That's what they're talking about today. car instructors .
"Skid Feeling"
Loss of control of the car in the process of skidding can threaten the driver and his passengers with dire consequences. And putting yourself in such a difficult position is as easy as shelling pears - any abrupt or thoughtless decision and please, you are already being carried away. The most frequent occurrence of such situations on road sections with turns or steep descents, as well as on roads with long gentle slopes.
Strictly speaking, skidding is nothing more than a violation of the movement of the vehicle, accompanied by side sliding. The wheels of the rear axle are most often skidding.
For the driver, regardless of his experience, the most important thing is to understand, to feel the moment when the skid begins.
Conventionally, this skill can be called the "feeling of skidding." It develops over time, with the development of driving experience. Novice drivers, due to the lack of or insufficiently heightened sense of skidding, should be especially careful on a snowy road.
In order to feel and track the beginning skid in time, the driver must be correctly positioned in the driver's seat. You can most sensitively track the behavior of the car with your back, in direct contact with the back of the driver's seat. The safety of the driver, and his passengers, how well the driver will feel his car, depends precisely on the correct fit. If the back is not adjacent to the back of the seat, it will be problematic for you to feel the beginning skid.
Correct fit
Good driving instructors often draw the attention of their wards to the correct fit. It is very important for comfortable driving. And the point here is not even convenience, the point here is how sensitively you will be able to track the behavior of your car on the road and respond in time to its changes. When driving, do not go to extremes.
Sitting clutching the steering wheel is not worth it, since such excessive tension will lead to rapid fatigue and distraction of attention, but you should not fall apart in a reclining position, impressively turning the steering wheel with one finger.
A complete lack of concentration on the road situation is unacceptable. Visibility is of great importance when driving, and, in addition to it, also the ability to reach any buttons and control levers at any time. Skidding is usually the result of human error. The grosser the error, the greater the skid angle you will get as a result. Of course, for a driver who has a wealth of driving experience in his luggage, it will be easier to cope with a skid. However, there is a way out for beginners. You can go to an additional class to improve your skills. Such a training under the guidance of an experienced instructor will significantly increase your confidence on the winter road and protect you from unpleasant incidents.
Skid on rear wheel drive
As a rule, driving a rear-wheel drive car is a little more difficult. As a result, in order to successfully get out of a skid on such a car, you will also have to follow several recommendations. Avoid a common mistake common to most beginners: brake as soon as a skid has started. It is unacceptable.
You can't even apply the brakes while skidding.
The algorithm of actions is as follows: depress the gas pedal, and then sharply turn the steering wheel clearly in the direction of skidding. When you depress the pedal, you will create some braking effect on the rear wheels of your car, this will help to level the course.
Skid on front wheel drive
To get a front-wheel drive car out of a skid, a beginner may well be limited to the same actions as in the previous case, only instead of engine braking, you need to slightly increase the speed. As for an experienced driver, with a solid driving experience, he will most likely be able to get the car out of a skid exceeding ninety degrees without loss.
At the moment when you feel the beginning of a skid, at the same time as turning the steering wheel, gently press the gas pedal and hold it.
Moreover, it should be held until the drift angle decreases. After that, the gas pedal should be released, and the steering wheel should be maintained in a straight position.
Skid on full drive
As for all-wheel drive vehicles, the situation here largely depends on which of the axles the maximum torque load is directed to. As in the cases discussed above, in order to correctly get out of the skid that has begun, it is necessary to turn the steering wheel in the same direction in which the skid occurs. Do not forget also about the correct landing in the driver's seat, which will contribute to the earliest determination that your car is in a skid.
Remember that the faster you take action to eliminate the skid, the easier it will be to eliminate an unpleasant situation, and the smaller the skid angle will be.
The likelihood of skidding increases significantly with sharp acceleration, as well as braking. This is especially noticeable and dangerous in winter on a slippery road. Often drivers, especially beginners, get lost and panic. This causes incorrect actions, and as a result - accidents and all kinds of accidents. Hence the conclusion: if you get into a skid, do not panic. And never touch the gas pedal.
In order to feel confident on the road in winter and know that you can handle any, even the most difficult situation on a slippery road, you should gain experience, experience and more experience. It is most reasonable to do this under the guidance of a sensitive, experienced instructor.
Video about magic tricks on ice:
Be careful and good luck on the road!
The article uses images from the site www.ria.ru and www.vetton.ru
Oh, the huge, waiting for me ice field, lightly covered with snow, at first it seems like a far too far-fetched test. When you get into such conditions in real life... Overboard +1, Novorizhskoye highway is covered with an aqueous solution of reagents, but even an ordinary front-wheel drive hatch feels more than confident on this liquid.
A kilometer and a half to the side, an exit to a country road to the training ground - and the situation changes radically. Ice at borderline near-zero temperatures is especially slippery, with a water film, and even studding is not always effective on such a mixed combination ... “It would be easier on a full drive ...”, I thought, once again catching the car on a simple arc ...
The 380-horsepower top-end Jaguar F-Pace, of course, has a lot of "electronic assistants": both ABS and ESP, it can brake urgently and dynamically redistribute torque ... And it also, of course, has all-wheel drive with a multi-plate clutch and priority rear axle. Is it even necessary to learn how to drive in winter, having such an arsenal? Need to!
“The driver of any car faces two dangers. The first is the loss of stability, that is, the demolition of the front axle. The second is the loss of control, that is, the back skid. With an all-wheel drive transmission scheme, these phenomena occur less often due to the redistribution of torque to each of the axles, and in the case of the F-Pace, also to each of the wheels.
The main advantage of all-wheel drive is a stable start from a standstill and the ability to maintain good controllability at fairly high speeds while driving.
If we talk about choosing the safest type of all-wheel drive, then ten years ago I would definitely recommend the “permanent” Full time scheme, in which torque is immediately present on both axles. The current electronically controlled clutches are so fast that at the slightest slip of the drive axle almost instantly, in 3.5 ms, the rear or front is connected. But you simply won’t feel it, so there is almost no point in permanent all-wheel drive.
Moreover, most of the time the second axle is simply not needed - it only gives increased fuel consumption and that's it. And if we are talking about safety and handling, then a car with a constant, not changing torque on two axles is not very willing to move in an arc. It happens that on turning wheels it just interferes - this happens on cars with a Torsen differential. Therefore, for normal driving conditions, the most justified systems are based on the Haldex clutch with the priority of the front axle or the Magna clutch with the main rear.
But you should always remember that the stopping distance of a car, which is very important, does not depend on the type of drive at all. So choosing a car is only a small part of the success.”
Semyon Vodilnikov, Senior Instructor, Jaguar Land Rover School
Let's move from theory to practice at the Jaguar Land Rover training ground near Moscow. The first task on the ice field seems to be simple - a "snake" between the cones with a gradual increase in the amplitude of movement and speed. Sooner or later, this should lead to a loss of both stability and controllability. Why, what and how to do next, I will learn in the course of this fascinating and interesting play.
The F-Pace media display shows me in real time how the moment is distributed across the wheels, but I have no time to look at the pictures.
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As long as I do not exceed the specified limit of 30 km / h and drive carefully, the crossover perfectly bypasses the cones on almost bare ice even on non-studded tires without connecting the ESP, which I can judge by the absence of a characteristic crunch and flashing icons.
Semyon Vodilnikov, Jaguar Land Rover School Senior Instructor:
“Let's be extremely honest. For each type of surface, for each type of tire, for each vehicle design, there is a maximum permissible speed at which one or another maneuver can be performed without losing stability or controllability. Naturally, with proper operation of the steering wheel, gas ... With errors in “piloting”, this speed will be less.”
So, any, even the most advanced stabilization system gives a 20 percent increase in the maximum speed of safe maneuvering. No more. That is, if on a car without ESP you pass this site without losing directional stability by 30 km/h, then with electronic stabilization the speed will be 36 km/h. Let's try!
With an increase in the speed and amplitude of the detour of the cones, the stern begins to throw to the side, and the car loses controllability. The ESP light flashes, the Jug becomes sluggish, but the side slip does not disappear from this. Excuse me, but where does all the electronics look?
Semyon Vodilnikov, Jaguar Land Rover School Senior Instructor:
“Nobody has repealed the laws of physics. If the momentum imparted to the car with the help of the accelerator is excessive, then the car will follow the vector in which the moment was initially applied.
The direction can be corrected with the help of the steering wheel, gas and all sorts of additional technical solutions, whether it is redistribution of torque along the axles or wheels or selective braking of one or more wheels.
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But all this works within certain speed limits.
A typical mistake is too high a corner entry speed. If it is done in winter, most likely the front axle will be pulled outward, which is very difficult to correct. Of course, there are professional or sports driving techniques that allow you to drive at very high speeds, but this is a special article that takes years to learn.
Any electronic stabilization system is, first of all, an analyzer of the correctness of our actions while driving, and only secondarily an effective assistant. If the driver is not able to determine the moment the axles slipped, the automatics that worked are the first indicator that the speed needs to be reduced.
Do not hit the brakes right now, but understand: the road conditions are such that you need to be more careful when entering the next turn or changing lanes, even on a perfectly straight track. And, of course, do not try to slow down during maneuvers or on an arc. In this case, only correct management will help. But this, again, is a topic for multiple theoretical and practical studies. If there is no experience, then it's easier to just go slower. Even at full speed."
Another exercise is acceleration with “gas to the floor” and emergency braking. On ice, even the all-wheel drive transmission struggles to handle the F-Pace's 460Nm of torque, and the steering has to be pushed ahead to maintain straight-line stability. The stabilization system, which includes traction control, is still off. The instructor's command, the brake to the floor, the chirping of ABS - and the car stops without deviating from the course.
Semyon Vodilnikov, Jaguar Land Rover School Senior Instructor:
“Electronics absolutely cope with their functions, determining how to spread the force on the brake machines along the axes. But the most effective braking will not be with the pedal to the floor, but on the verge of ABS activation. This method is achieved only through training and absolute knowledge of the habits of the car you use.
With the included electronics, everything happens much calmer. It "strangles" the motor, corrects the deliberate rudeness of control and errors, not allowing the heavy-duty Jaguar to go off course. Just in this case, the all-wheel drive fully fulfills its existence.
Semyon Vodilnikov, Jaguar Land Rover School Senior Instructor:
“In winter, the car can slide out and at low speeds. Inexperienced 4WD drivers often make the mistake of thinking that on such a car you can add gas already at the entrance to the turn. As a result, we get the slip of both axes. There is only one way out of the situation: stabilize the front axle by straightening the steering wheel and trying to catch on to the coating, then compensate for the rear skid by adding a weak, “pulling” gas. And again, you need experience and practical training on your own car.
But it also happens that at a minimum speed the car does not go where it is needed. It seems that you have turned the steering wheel all the way to the left, but it does not obey and goes straight or even to the right. In this case, turning the steering wheel in the direction of axle drift will help to get to the desired course, in this case to the right. This simple movement is hindered by stereotypes, which can only be eliminated through training.
Even the most experienced driver, I would recommend taking a driver improvement or emergency training course once a year. If this is not possible, find a free platform where you can work out certain previously mastered techniques and bring them to automatism. In this case, the risk of getting into an unpleasant situation, especially in winter, will decrease many times over.”
And finally, a few points purely about 4x4 cars:
- An all-wheel drive car stabilizes only “under gas”.
- Having stabilized, it continues acceleration, which is not always safe in the current traffic situation.
- An attempt to brake hard under such conditions most often results in the return of the original instability or uncontrollability, even if the trajectory is straight.
What is the result?
If you are an inexperienced driver who does not have the desire and ability to regularly train and "train your hand", then the easiest thing is to drive quite slowly, even if you have a tall car with four-wheel drive, which inspires confidence.
Have you lost control in full drive?
While the car is moving on a slippery road, any sudden maneuver by the driver can lead to a loss of control over the stability of the car - skidding, turning into an uncontrolled rotation. Often this happens on bends, cyclical bumps in the road, a track made by heavy haulers, on a fairly steep ascent or when descending. An uncontrolled skid appears, lateral or longitudinal slip, turning into a critical skid with a saturated rotation of the car. So, a skid is a car sliding sideways with a simultaneous ongoing forward movement. The correct landing of the driver (back close to the seat) allows you to feel the skid earlier and take measures to remove the car from an unsafe position.
The degree of difficulty and the time it takes an all-wheel drive vehicle to pass an uncontrolled skid depends on the skill and speed of the driver's reaction, the type of drive of the machine and the percentage distribution of torque along the axes. Most of the drivers, both beginners and quite experienced ones, experience such a fright in case of an unexpected skid that they simply press the brake with all their might, thus depriving the car of maneuverability.
What should be done first when skidding? Because the control of an all-wheel drive vehicle on a slippery road is dominated by the traction vector, and not by the timely reaction of the control wheel, it is impossible to throw the accelerator pedal when skidding under any circumstances. When the gas is fully released (throttle valves are closed), the car rolls into an absolute slide on all four wheels.
Remember - this is important: when skidding, the control wheel is sharply twisted in the direction of skidding, the accelerator pedal is slightly released - and immediately the steering wheel is leveling the car now in the other direction with a simultaneous significant addition of traction with the gas pedal in low gear (both automatic and manual transmissions ), with little braking by the head brake pedal. Difficult? Yes. Only a driver who has undergone special training can quickly and well get the car out of a skid due to the design features of the all-wheel drive. The greater the initial speed of the machine, the more difficult it is to cope with such a situation. It's even easier to prevent it.
Let's start with the fact that a modern all-wheel drive car with several security systems gives the wrong feeling of complete stability on how much road. Due to different traction forces on each axle and changing dynamic loads on the sides of the suspension, it is no longer safe in an uncontrolled skid, because it is difficult to predict its behavior when the rubber and road surface lose grip. To lose control over the control of the car, it is enough to sharply release the accelerator pedal at high speed in icy conditions.
When entering each turn on an unsafe track, the driver must be as concentrated as possible in assessing the situation. The choice of a non-hazardous line of motion and the strategy of auto movement depends on the correctness of determining the steepness and inclination. With the slightest incorrectness, the vehicle, most likely, will jump out of the turning arc and “fly out” of the track. So a smoothing strategy is more correct, which, with the correct construction of the trajectory of movement, will make the turn for the car less steep than in fact.
What else should you pay attention to when driving an all-wheel drive car in extreme conditions, including skidding - there is a high possibility of the car tipping over if there are various obstacles on the sliding path, because the inertia force vector is oriented towards the initial movement. To act in such a situation should be similar to the actions to get out of a skid - use power steering in the direction of a possible rollover immediately with balancing techniques in order to keep the car upright.
Here are some tips on how to correctly pass drifts on an all-wheel drive car and not get into a terrible situation. Many drivers are mistaken in believing that a car with all-wheel drive is much safer in winter than a rear- or front-wheel drive. In fact, a car with all-wheel drive in ice conditions only accelerates faster than a one-wheel drive, and they slow down (under equal criteria) identically. Tires installed on a car with all-wheel drive must have the following features - directional tread pattern, amazing grip, control on problematic roads. Rubber must certainly be “winter”, but not all-weather, which, when the temperature drops below -5 degrees Celsius in winter, simply “hardens” and its coefficient of adhesion to the road surface drops significantly. The driver must consider that the ability to maneuver in winter, even with good tires, is very limited. It is necessary to avoid sudden movements and saturated accelerations, unexpected braking and high speeds. It is required to increase the distance to the car in front, it is better to move moderately, to perform all maneuvers smoothly and slow down in advance.
But before the start of the winter season, it would be most reasonable to master the ability of safe driving on a special site under the guidance of an experienced instructor.
Skid- this is the lateral slip of the car due to the loss of adhesion of the wheels to the roadway.
This is a rather unpleasant and most importantly dangerous thing. A skid occurs, usually on a slippery, wet, snowy road, and no doubt due to driver error. Causes: bald tires, a sharp turn of the steering wheel, sudden braking, strong pressure on the accelerator (gas) pedal, strong side wind, road slope. Most often, a skid occurs due to high speed before a maneuver: when cornering, turning, when avoiding an obstacle or when overtaking.
Skid- a dangerous nuisance, in that the car becomes practically uncontrollable for a beginner. The consequences can be different: exit from the road, rollover of the car (if the side wheels run into an obstacle when skidding). Skid happens: demolition of the front axle, both axles, rear axle (most common)
Now let's move on to the actions themselves.
A skid does not occur on its own, in most cases it happens due to driver error. Therefore, if the car begins to skid, it is necessary to correct exactly the action (error) due to which the skid began to occur. If it occurs during braking, then the first step is to release the brake pedal, if you sharply press the gas, then release the gas pedal, or vice versa, skidding may begin at the turn and due to a sharp release of gas. Simultaneously with these actions, you need to turn the steering wheel in the direction of skidding (i.e., in the direction where the rear of the car was carried).
If the car is front-wheel drive, then along with turning the steering wheel in the direction of skidding, you need to add gas so that the front wheels, as it were, “pull” the car into a straight line. As soon as you feel that the car is starting to level off, return the steering wheel to a straight position and release the gas. Delay in this action can lead to a skid in the other direction, i.e. rhythmic drift will begin.
If the drive is rear, then simultaneously with turning the steering wheel in the direction of skidding, the gas must be released, otherwise the car may spin around its axis.
For all-wheel drive models, steering actions are similar to rear-wheel drive, but the gas pedal cannot be released completely so that the traction of the front wheels helps to cope with skidding. You can apply other actions. At first, do the same as on the rear-wheel drive, that is, release the “gas” pedal, but then immediately press it a little.
You must not apply the brakes when skidding, otherwise the car will skid and generally lose traction with the road surface.
As for the demolition of the front wheels. Drift is the side slip of the front wheels resulting from hard steering, braking, and a combination of these actions, at high speed at the entrance to the turn (for example, when the driver turns the steering wheel, and the car does not react, does not turn). To return the car to controllability, in this case, it is necessary to reduce the angle of rotation of the front wheels until the grip of the wheels with the road surface is restored and at the same time release the gas, and then again smoothly turn the steering wheel in the direction of the turn. Do not press the brake. Be prepared for a dash the moment your car wheels grab the road.
The most important thing is not to panic. Unfortunately, many drivers, once in a skid, lose control of themselves, making rash actions. Keep yourself in control and drive the car to the last, and you will safely get out of this situation.
Cold-blooded, sober calculation and confident actions of the driver can prevent skidding.
Be careful on the roads!
Almost every motorist is backed by a theory about what to do if the car skids. We were taught this in a driving school, my father or a friend told us. Professional driving instructors say that skidding is much easier to prevent than to deal with. This phenomenon is a consequence of a traffic violation - by itself, from scratch, the car does not skid.
Having lost control of the car, the driver instinctively presses the brake pedal, which in some cases only aggravates the situation. What to do if the car got into a skid and how to avoid tragic consequences? Let's try to understand this material.
What is a skid?
The reason for skidding is the unequal speed of the wheels on the axle, the car will turn in the direction in which the wheel rotates at a lower speed, as if bending around this wheel. Skidding occurs in several cases, the most common of them: skidding during sharp acceleration or braking, as well as when the wheels turn sharply at a large angle during acceleration.
Actions when the car is skidding are aimed at keeping the car within the road surface and maintaining the correct trajectory of movement. It is important to remember one thing - on a slippery road you cannot turn and brake at the same time - there is a high probability of skidding. It seems simple, but in fact, even experienced drivers do not always cope with this task.
To eliminate the skid, you need to understand why it happened. Driving a car while skidding is a tricky thing that requires skill. Understanding the cause of skidding right away is not difficult. Usually the driver understands his mistake, it is difficult to correct it.
If the cause of the skid is sudden braking, then you must immediately release the brake pedal. If the cause was a sharp acceleration, you should take your foot off the gas, so the speed of rotation of the drive wheels will even out and the skid may disappear.
If the skid occurred due to a sharp turn at a large angle, then you should sharply unscrew the “steering wheel” in the direction of the skid and when you start leveling the car, it is important not to miss this moment, unscrew the steering wheel to the “smooth” position. For further movement, we align the car along the trajectory of movement.
Skid front-wheel drive car - what to do?
If your car has front-wheel drive, then to get out of a skid, you need to accelerate sharply, so the front axle will pull the car forward and align the trajectory of movement. Most modern cars are front wheel drive - the method described above is the most efficient and effective. The most common mistake is cutting off the fuel supply to the engine - braking.
Making this mistake, the driver will apply braking torque from the engine to the front steered wheels, and the rear wheels, which no longer have contact with the road, will move sideways, and under the action of inertia forces, the “uncontrolled” car will move straight with a possible increase in skidding or even with reversal.
In addition, during engine braking, a “peck” (redistribution of masses) will occur, which will also unload the rear wheels, while they just need additional load to restore traction.
What to do when skidding a rear-wheel drive car?
If your car has rear-wheel drive, you need to slow down and turn the steering wheel at a large angle towards the skid, and then immediately return it to a level position, perform all movements smoothly, but quickly. Skidding on a rear-wheel drive car in most cases occurs on a slippery road as a result of speeding and sudden maneuvers that provoke the car to roll from side to side. Similar actions should be performed when skidding an all-wheel drive car.
Motorists with experience call the skid of a car with rear-wheel drive controlled. Eliminating it is much easier than skidding on a front-wheel drive car. However, all actions require composure and great driving skills from the driver. Therefore, it is better for beginners to avoid skidding while observing the speed limit and all traffic rules, and you can learn to drive a car in skidding conditions on a wide area where any maneuvers will be safe for the student and others.
It should be remembered that the main and obligatory condition for the possibility of taking the car out of any skid is the rotation of the wheels without their constant blocking. If you are not confident enough in your skills, take an extreme training course. This will help to avoid an accident in the event of a skid, as well as completely eliminate this dangerous phenomenon.
Results:
Actions when skidding a rear-wheel drive car:
At the beginning of the skid, when the trunk of the car went to the left - turn the steering wheel in the direction of the skid (towards the trunk), release the brake or gas pedal (that is, what caused the skid);
Align the front wheels in the direction of movement;
An instant before the trunk returns to its original position, we begin to turn the steering wheel to the right until the trunk returns to its normal position; the steering wheel at this time should be in the position necessary for further movement along the trajectory of the road turn;
We add gas and keep moving.
Actions when skidding a front-wheel drive car:
At the beginning of the skid, when the trunk of the car went to the left - turn the steering wheel in the direction of the skid (towards the trunk), release the brake pedal and press the gas, increasing the engine speed, making sure that there is no scrolling of the front wheels, trying to pull the entire car behind the front wheels ;
We align the front wheels in the direction of movement, continuing to work with increased gas;
An instant before the trunk returns to its original position, we begin to turn the steering wheel to the right until the trunk returns to its normal position;
Still increasing the gas, trying to stretch the whole car;
At the moment the trunk takes its position, the steering wheel should already be in the position necessary for further movement along the trajectory of the turn of the road; gradually reduce the gas;
Reduce the gas to normal and continue driving.
If you are not one of those motorists who prefer not to drive their car in winter, then you definitely know the situations in which the car is very difficult and even almost impossible to keep, it skids and turns in every possible way on the road. The occurrence of such cases, as they say, does not choose the driver, although in most cases everything depends on him.
Compliance with the speed limit, adequate to the condition of the road surface will help to avoid unpleasant situations, but if it does happen, then you need to be 100% ready for this.
Therefore, we bring to your attention several ways to control the machine in an extreme situation. It will be useful for everyone who gets behind the wheel to know. At first, this may seem difficult. But no. The surest condition that always works is training, training and more training.
Let's clarify that front-wheel drive cars are very common. Many motorists prefer front-wheel drive. Why? These cars confidently keep on the road, moving in a straight line.
They go into corners well, and rarely skid. In fact, it is! The front-wheel drive "iron horses" have excellent directional stability. This adds to the motorist, especially a beginner, a sense of confidence in their abilities.
In front-wheel drive cars, the weight of the engine is evenly distributed on the front wheels, which favors a more confident grip of the drive wheels with the road surface. If the wheels slip, then the driver always has a safety net. Because if the front wheels are driving, then there is always a chance to catch on, at least for something.
However, there are times when, for example, on an icy corner, the car becomes uncontrollable. The driver turns the steering wheel, but in vain. The car does not respond to control and rolls in a straight line. In practice, most often, a novice driver tries to turn the steering wheel harder. As a result, when he realizes that he cannot influence the situation in any way, he abruptly begins to put pressure on the brake.
It is worth noting that such actions lead to the final loss of any control over the situation. Therefore, the most important thing that can be advised in such a situation is to constantly keep your foot on the gas pedal. However, this is not the only correct situation. Now about everything in more detail.
To begin with, you need to memorize one rule: if the front axle has slipped, to return the wheels to their original course, you should ensure that the rear of the car skids in the direction opposite to the skid direction.
Let us explain that we are talking about "police turn". This is when the driver turns the car in place around the rear or front axle. This drift can be done in a variety of ways depending on how fast you are moving. If the speed is low, then it is necessary to block the rear wheels for a short time using the handbrake or by pressing the brake. In this case, the gas pedal must not be released under any circumstances! "Gaska", it is best to add a little.
How the skid control of a front-wheel drive car differs from that of a rear-wheel drive car: the car's wheels should always point in the direction of travel, but never! in the other direction. At speeds up to 50 km / h, this rule can be neglected, since a short turn of the "steering wheel" in the direction of skidding can help guide the car along the desired trajectory. Then add gas to finally align the movement of the car.
If the vehicle speed exceeds 50 km / h, then it is necessary to act differently. In front-wheel drive cars, the rear axle skids when you release the throttle, which is a consequence of the fact that the engine and transmission slow down the front wheels, while the rear ones continue to rotate without interference.
A driver with little driving experience, frightened by an icy turn, throws the gas pedal in a panic. Drivers with experience in such cases are not advised to do this. The right thing to do is to let off the gas for a short time. This will change the position of the car.
And as soon as the rear of the car begins to skid, it will be enough to pick up speed and enter the icy turn. For those who have only recently received the rights, this is not at all easy to do. It is better to train this moment in specialized courses. If the car starts skidding at a decent speed, then instead of pressing the brake pedal, you need to add speed.
Therefore, once again we will dwell on what the driver must do. With a sharp decrease in speed, the rear axle blows. Now the driver needs to turn the steering wheel in the direction of skidding and add speed. Remember, you only need to look in the direction you are going! Never look where the car is blowing.
If the car began to skid, do as race drivers recommend - confidently press the clutch and brake pedals to the FLOOR! Such gestures will help pull the car out of rotation. At the same time, the engine will continue to work, which means that you can quickly leave the oncoming lane if you suddenly find yourself on it.
Hard braking can cause skidding even on a straight and completely flat road, if it is wet or at least slightly icy. Therefore, with the gas pedal you need to work smoothly and metered.
In general, avoid harshness when driving! But when skidding, the driver's actions must be quick and decisive. The faster you can turn the "steering wheel" in the direction of skidding, the more confident the car will return to a straight course. This is a direct relationship. As soon as the trajectory of movement is aligned, start turning the "steering wheel" in the opposite direction to prevent further skidding.
Of course, if there is such an opportunity, then you need to train on a site specially prepared for such training. Try to deliberately provoke a skid of the car. If successful, you can be sure that any real (God forbid) skids along the way will be "on the shoulder" for you, subject to the speed limit, of course.
Avoid overtaking on wet, icy and snowy roads. If you are moving uphill, then move in one gear to the very top, without switching. When going downhill, apply the brake gently and not too hard to prevent the wheels from locking up and losing traction.
Be mindful of pedestrians. When crossing the road, people may accidentally fall. Do not scare them with an overly harsh signal and light. Reduce the speed of movement to the minimum at kindergartens and schools.
In winter, driving a car is much more difficult than at any other time. Problems can overtake you even before the start of the movement, but this, as practice shows, is only flowers. One of the most dangerous moments in driving a car in winter is skidding. That's what they're talking about today. car instructors .
"Skid Feeling"
Loss of control of the car in the process of skidding can threaten the driver and his passengers with dire consequences. And putting yourself in such a difficult position is as easy as shelling pears - any abrupt or thoughtless decision and please, you are already being carried away. The most frequent occurrence of such situations on road sections with turns or steep descents, as well as on roads with long gentle slopes.
Strictly speaking, skidding is nothing more than a violation of the movement of the vehicle, accompanied by side sliding. The wheels of the rear axle are most often skidding.
For the driver, regardless of his experience, the most important thing is to understand, to feel the moment when the skid begins.
Conventionally, this skill can be called the "feeling of skidding." It is developed over time, with the development of driving experience. Novice drivers, due to the lack of or insufficiently heightened sense of skidding, should be especially careful on a snowy road.
In order to feel and track the beginning skid in time, the driver must be correctly positioned in the driver's seat. You can most sensitively track the behavior of the car with your back, in direct contact with the back of the driver's seat. The safety of the driver, and his passengers, how well the driver will feel his car, depends precisely on the correct landing. If the back is not adjacent to the back of the seat, it will be problematic for you to feel the beginning skid.
Correct fit
Good driving instructors often draw the attention of their wards to the correct fit. It is very important for comfortable driving. And the point here is not even convenience, the point here is how sensitively you will be able to track the behavior of your car on the road and respond in time to its changes. When driving, do not go to extremes.
Sitting clutching the steering wheel is not worth it, since such excessive tension will lead to rapid fatigue and distraction of attention, but you should not fall apart in a reclining position, impressively turning the steering wheel with one finger.
A complete lack of concentration on the road situation is unacceptable. Visibility is of great importance when driving, and, in addition to it, also the ability to reach any buttons and control levers at any time. Skidding is usually the result of human error. The grosser the error, the greater the skid angle you will get as a result. Of course, for a driver who has a wealth of driving experience in his luggage, it will be easier to cope with a skid. However, there is a way out for beginners. You can go to an additional class to improve your skills. Such a training under the guidance of an experienced instructor will significantly increase your confidence on the winter road and protect you from unpleasant incidents.
Skid on rear wheel drive
As a rule, driving a rear-wheel drive car is a little more difficult. As a result, in order to successfully get out of a skid on such a car, you will also have to follow several recommendations. Avoid a common mistake common to most beginners: brake as soon as a skid has started. It is unacceptable.
You can't even apply the brakes while skidding.
The algorithm of actions is as follows: depress the gas pedal, and then sharply turn the steering wheel clearly in the direction of skidding. When you depress the pedal, you will create some braking effect on the rear wheels of your car, this will help to level the course.
Skid on front wheel drive
To get a front-wheel drive car out of a skid, a beginner may well be limited to the same actions as in the previous case, only instead of engine braking, you need to slightly increase the speed. As for an experienced driver, with a solid driving experience, he will most likely be able to get the car out of a skid exceeding ninety degrees without loss.
At the moment when you feel the beginning of a skid, at the same time as turning the steering wheel, gently press the gas pedal and hold it.
Moreover, it should be held until the drift angle decreases. After that, the gas pedal should be released, and the steering wheel should be maintained in a straight position.
Skid on full drive
As for all-wheel drive vehicles, the situation here largely depends on which of the axles the maximum torque load is directed to. As in the cases discussed above, in order to correctly exit the skid that has begun, it is necessary to turn the steering wheel in the same direction in which the skid occurs. Do not forget also about the correct landing in the driver's seat, which will contribute to the earliest determination that your car is in a skid.
Remember that the faster you take action to eliminate the skid, the easier it will be to eliminate an unpleasant situation, and the smaller the skid angle will be.
The likelihood of skidding increases significantly with sharp acceleration, as well as braking. This is especially noticeable and dangerous in winter on a slippery road. Often drivers, especially beginners, get lost and panic. This causes incorrect actions, and as a result, accidents and all kinds of accidents. Hence the conclusion: if you get into a skid, do not panic. And never touch the gas pedal.
In order to feel confident on the road in winter and know that you can handle any, even the most difficult situation on a slippery road, you should gain experience, experience and more experience. It is most reasonable to do this under the guidance of a sensitive, experienced instructor.
Video about magic tricks on ice:
Be careful and good luck on the road!
The article uses images from the site www.ria.ru and www.vetton.ru
An uncontrolled skid is the worst thing that can happen on the road, especially with a car novice. At the same time, the car drives as it pleases, and the driver can rely only on a lucky break and the absence of deep shoulders and oncoming cars on the road. In this article We will tell you what to do in case of skidding the car, what actions are necessary.
So, what can cause a skid on a slippery road? We have already talked about braking, but it is especially dangerous to slow down in a turn! Remember, the speed is extinguished before entering the turn and preferably without changing gears, that is, without depressing the clutch. It is dangerous to brake, shift gears, and accelerate hard on a turn. Sharp “shifting” of the steering wheel can also “loose” the car.
Modern electronic active safety systems, such as ABS, EBA, ESP, are very good helpers, in case of loss of wheel traction, they independently regulate the braking and torque on the wheels, but they will not be able to keep the car on the desired trajectory if the driver’s actions do not fit within reasonable limits.
By the way, if these systems work while driving (the corresponding symbols on the panel light up), then this is evidence that you have chosen the wrong speed and manner of driving. For a good driver, these systems work only in exceptional cases and very, very rarely. But until quite recently there were no such assistants, and nothing - they went. Therefore, let's talk about how to drive a car on a slippery road without electronics, even if you have it.
A few rules on how to avoid skidding on winter roads
If a skid starts, don't slow down. This will not help, but will aggravate the situation. It is very difficult not to do this - an unknown force puts your foot on the brake pedal, but you need to resist so as not to lose your last chance.
If the car "carried", do not squeeze the clutch pedal either. At this time, such an action is as useless as pressing the cigarette lighter button. Don't let go of the gas pedal while skidding. If you smoothly release the gas on a rear-wheel drive car, and slightly increase it on a front-wheel drive car, you can reduce the skid and level the car on the road.
Always turn the steering wheel in the direction of the skid. The back of the car went to the left - turn the steering wheel in the same place, to the right - turn to the right. This must be brought to automatism, performed quickly and without jerks. It is necessary to turn the steering wheel in the direction of skidding in moderation.
Try to keep the front steering wheels always in the desired direction of travel. To do this, train yourself not to intercept the steering wheel in turns very often, as most women do. Even in tight turns, try to keep either your right hand (in a left turn) or your left hand (in a right turn) always on the steering wheel - this will help you to constantly feel the position of the wheels. Excessive steering will not smooth out the skid, but only increase it.
