UAZ 31519 filling volumes. Lubricants and working fluids for UAZ vehicles

Lubricants

1. Motor oil all-weather M-8-V, GOST 10541-78 or M-6z / 10-V (DV-ASZp-10V) OST 38.01370-84. Northern automobile oil M4z/6V1 OST 38.01370-84.
2. Transmission oil automobile TSp-15K GOST 23652-79. Substitute: automotive transmission oil TAP-15V or TAD-17I OST 23652-79. At temperatures below minus 20 °C, automotive transmission oil TSp-10 GOST 23652-79.
3. Lubricant"Litol-24" GOST 21150-87, "Lita" TU 38.1011308-90 or "Litol-24RK" (SHRUS-4 grease is an analogue of "Litol" with the addition of molybdenum disulfide and other additives that reduce wear)
4. Graphite grease USSA GOST 3333-80.
5. Lubricant CIATIM 201 GOST 6267-74, CIATIM-221 GOST 9433-80.

Working fluids

1. Coolant liquid TOSOL-A40M, TOSOL-A65M TU 6-02-751-86 (it is allowed to use OZH-40, OZH-65 GOST 28084-89 in winter) or "Lena-40", "Lena-65" TU 113-12- 11.104-88. Water - clean and "soft" (rain, snow, boiled).
2. Shock absorber fluid AZH-12T GOST 23008-78. Substitute: spindle oil AU OST 38.01.412-86.
3. Brake fluid"Tom" TU 6-01-1276-82, "Rosa" TU 6-55-37-90, "Neva" TU 6-01-1163-78, GTZh-22 TU 6-01787-75 (see also opinions on different brake fluids)
4. Electrolyte with density, gf/cm3:
   1.25 - for areas with temperatures up to -10 ° C;
   1.27 - for areas with temperatures up to -30 ° C;
   1.29 - for areas with temperatures up to -40 ° С (see also the article "Battery")
5. Petrol A-76 GOST 2084-77, summer or winter varieties.

Refueling data for wagon-mounted vehicles

Name	car models
	UAZ-3741, UAZ-37411	UAZ-3962, UAZ-39621	UAZ-2206	UAZ-3303, UAZ-33031
	FILLING DATA (in liters)
Fuel tanks:	56		56
Basic
Additional	30		56*
Engine cooling system (including heater)	12,2-12,4	13,4-13,6	13,4-13,6	12,2-12,4
	(12,9-13,1)**	(14,1-14,3)**		(12,9-13,1)**
Engine lubrication system (including oil filter and oil cooler)	5,8
gearbox housing	1,0
transfer case housing	0,7
Carter front and rear axles (each)	0,853
Steering gear housing	0,25
Shock absorbers (each)	0,320
Clutch hydraulic system	0,18
Hydraulic brake drive system	0,52
Windshield washer reservoir	2

* Only the main tank can be installed
** Including starting heater
Engine 417 mod., box 4-speed

Norms of consumption of fuels and lubricants in road transport Р3112194-0366-97

approved by the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation on February 18, 1997 (valid until 01/01/2002) (Only basic figures, only in relation to UAZ vehicles. Full document: local copy from the Auto-Garant website)

Fuel consumption rates

The rates include the fuel consumption required for the implementation of the transport process ... For general purpose vehicles, a ... base rate is established in liters per 100 km of the car's run ...

Fuel consumption rates increase (among others) under the following conditions:

• work in winter: in the southern regions of the country - up to 5%, in the northern regions of the country - up to 15%, in the regions of the Far North and areas equivalent to the regions of the Far North - up to 20%, in other regions of the country - up to 10% (limit values ​​of winter allowances for almost all regions of central Russia - 10%, valid for 5 months a year);
• work in cities
  with a population of over 2.5 million people - up to 20%;
  with a population of 0.5 to 2.5 million people - up to 15%;
  with a population of up to 0.5 million people - up to 10%;
• when running the first thousand kilometers by cars that have come out of major repairs and new ones, as well as ... when driving such cars on their own - up to 10%;
• for cars that have been in operation for more than 8 years - up to 5%;
• work in difficult road conditions during seasonal thaws, snow or sand drifts, floods and other natural disasters - up to 35%;

Fuel consumption rates are reduced (including):

• when working on roads outside the suburban area from cement concrete, asphalt concrete, paving stones, mosaics on flat, slightly hilly terrain (height above sea level up to 300 m) - up to 15%.

In the case when the car is operated outside the city with more than 2.5 million people. in the zone up to 50 km from the border of the city, as well as for cities with a population of 0.5 to 2.4 million people. in the area up to 15 km from the border of the city and with a population of less than 0.5 million people. in the zone up to 5 km, correction factors (increasing or decreasing) are not applied. If it is necessary to use several allowances at the same time, the fuel consumption rate is set taking into account the sum or difference of these allowances.

For intra-garage driving and technical needs ... fuel consumption increases to 1.0% of the total; during vehicle downtime ... in the winter and cold season with the engine running, set the standard fuel consumption at the rate of one hour of downtime corresponds to 5 km of the car's run. For vans operating on an hourly basis, the normalized value of fuel consumption is determined similarly to passenger cars, taking into account the allowance for working on an hourly basis (10%).

Basic linear rate of fuel consumption per vehicle mileage, l/100 km:

UAZ-469, -469A, -469B 16 UAZ-315100, -315101, -31512-01, -315201 16 UAZ-31512 15.5 UAZ-31514 16.65 UAZ-31517 (with HR 492 NTA engine from VM ") 11.0 (diesel) UAZ-452A, -452AC, -452V 17 UAZ-220601 17 UAZ-220602 22 (gas) UAZ-3303-0001011 APV-04-01 17.5 UAZ-3962 17.5 UAZ- 396201 17 UAZ-450, -450D 16 UAZ-451, -451D, -451DM, -451M 14 UAZ-452, -452D, -452DM 16 UAZ-3303 16.5 UAZ-330301 16 UAZ-33032, -33032-01 21.5 UAZ-374101 16 UAZ-450A 17 UAZ-451A 17 UAZ-3741 "DISA-1912 Zaslon" 17.6 UAZ-374101 17 UAZ-3962 17.5 UAZ-396201 17

Lubricant consumption rates

Lubricant consumption rates are set for 100 liters of total fuel consumption, calculated according to the standards for this vehicle. Oil consumption rates are set in liters per 100 liters of fuel consumption, lubricant consumption rates - respectively in kilograms per 100 liters of fuel consumption ... Oil and lubricant consumption rates are reduced by 50% for all vehicles that are in operation for up to three years. Oil consumption rates are increased by up to 20% for vehicles that have been in operation for more than eight years...

Consumption rates per 100 liters of total fuel consumption by car for models UAZ-469, -3151, -452, -2206, -3962, -450, -451, -452, -3303, -3741, -450А, -451А, -374101 , 396201 of all modifications is:
engine oil 2.2 l
transmission oil 0.2 l
special oil 0.05 l
Greases 0.2 kg

Each car in its design provides for the presence of a tank, engine, gearbox and many other parts and assemblies that have their own volumes. Gasoline, diesel fuel, oil, brake fluid or antifreeze are placed in these volumes, but they differ for each model. Today we will pay attention to the filling tanks on the UAZ Patriot SUV and consider what they are, and in what quantity one or another vehicle mechanism should be filled.

What about the ingredients

Refueling tanks are such units in which there are working fluids. They periodically require replacement or refueling, as with a gas tank. By the way, the UAZ Patriot SUV is equipped with two filling tanks, which allows you to increase the amount of refueling fuel to almost 80 liters. Few of the cars of this class can afford such a gas tank design.

Refueling volumes include the following devices, mechanisms and parts:

• gas tanks;
• Patriot engine cooling system;
• Transmission;
• engine, or rather its lubrication system;
• crankcases of both bridges;
• hydraulic power steering system;
• brake system;
• clutch system;
• glass washer pump reservoir;
• distributor case.

UAZ Patriot, as well as other vehicles similar in design and having similar mechanisms, necessarily has the above filling volumes, presented in the form of plastic tanks or located directly in the units themselves. It is in these devices that the filling fluid for a particular mechanism is located. These fluids include the following:

• gasoline or diesel fuel, depending on the design of the engine itself;
• engine and transmission oils, which are refueled not only in the engine, but also in the gearbox, transfer case and bridges;
• brake fluid poured into the brake mechanism and clutch system of an SUV;
• antifreeze or antifreeze, used for engine cooling and interior heating;
• windshield washer fluid, which is filled into the windshield and rear window washer reservoir.

So, now let's consider the digital values ​​​​of all the above devices, what volumes of working fluid they have and what they are.

Refueling volumes

For the Patriot, the filling volumes correspond to the following data:

• gas tanks: the left tank is designed for 36 liters, as the manufacturer claims, the right one has the same volume and is 36 liters, although in fact it is known that you can pour a little more fuel into gas tanks;
• the volume of the engine lubrication system is 7 liters, and for UAZ Patriot 31631 models, the amount of lubricant is 4.2 liters;
  
• engine cooling and interior heating system - 12 liters, and for a radiator with horizontal tubes, the capacity is 14 liters;
• the manual gearbox has a volume of 2.5 liters;
• the crankcase of the transfer case is about 0.8 liters;
• the front and rear axles of the rogue have filling volumes that differ in value from each other. So, for the front axle, an oil filling of 1.5 liters is typical, and for the rear axle - 1.4 liters. But in fact, it is recommended to pour more than 1.4 liters of oil into the rear axle housing so that the working elements inside are completely absorbed by the lubricant;
• power steering - 1.1, and for the UAZ-31631 model - 1.3 l;
• steering gear - 0.25;
• clutch drive is 0.18l;
• brake mechanism - 0.6 l;
• shock absorbers - 0.32, but it all depends on the devices used in the suspension design;
• the windshield washer reservoir is 5 liters.

All these parameters are important and every owner of his car should have all the numbers. Otherwise, you can always refer to the operating instructions for the car and find out even the smallest details. If you have any questions or feedback, then you can always leave at the end of each material.

The entire line of UAZ Patriot cars has the same engine oil volume - these are strong, cheap and unpretentious cars.

UAZ "Bukhanka" is still used in all municipal areas: as a police car, and as an ambulance. The secret of the popularity of this versatile vehicle is the simplicity of design and cheap maintenance of the car.

Liquids and filling volumes of UAZ Patriot engines

During the entire existence of the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant, the modernization of the Patriot automobile engine was carried out three times. Initially, the UMZ 417 model was developed - a 2.45-liter engine with a capacity of 72 and 90 horsepower. It is this unit that is installed in the cars of the UAZ Loaf model.

This car model has the following filling volumes and fluids:

• 56 liters - the main fuel tank and 30 - additional, A-76 gasoline is poured;
• 14.5 liters - cooling system, water, antifreeze, antifreeze are used as a coolant;
• 5.8 liters - the volume of the Patriot engine, optimal lubrication of the M-8V1 brand (the factory initially filled in synthetic oil with a viscosity of 5W-30 upon release);
• 1 liter of lubricant requires a UAZ gearbox, the recommended transmission fluid is 75W-90;
• 0.7 l - transfer case and 0.85 l - in each bridge, TSP-15K or TAP-15V.

As you can see, the volumes of oils and liquids at Bukhanka are small, and the cost of these brands is more than affordable. This explains such a number of Ulyanovsk cars on the roads - among all domestic vehicles in the UAZ of the old model, you need to invest the minimum amount of finance.

At the same time, the engine of the old UAZ is powerful enough to overcome any impassability. Its cross-country ability can be compared with the Ural 4320.

The new generation of ZMZ 409 engines differs significantly from the 417 model. In 409 models, the volume is 2.7 liters and 112 horsepower, respectively. Such a unit is on cars of the Patriot model.

Loaf engines

The size of the filling volume has also changed in relation to the "Loaf":

• Both fuel tanks hold 36 liters of gasoline;
• Up to 7 liters of oil volume must be poured into the UAZ Patriot engine;
• The gearbox requires gear oil in the amount of 2.5 liters;
• The oil capacity in the bridges of the UAZ Patriot is different - 1.5 liters for the front and 1.4 for the rear;
• The dispenser holds only 0.8 liters.

The remaining capacities of these two models of machines are equivalent, however, the brands of lubricants and fluids for the Patriot differ from the Loaf. The new generation of vehicles requires more expensive maintenance. The cost of maintaining such a machine does not fit into the economy mode.

As for the third generation of the internal combustion engine of the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant - UMZ 421, it is a minimally modernized version of UMZ 417.

UAZ maintenance

In order for the car to serve faithfully for many years, it is necessary to perform timely maintenance of the car. The above data on filling volumes should be known by heart by any prudent car owner.

Service centers often employ incompetent staff, and the cost of their services is unreasonably high. Therefore, the best solution is to do the maintenance of the machine yourself. To do this, you need to know not only filling volumes, but also the timing of the replacement of lubricants and fluids.

For example, you are the proud owner of a Patriot with a manual transmission. This car requires service once a year or every 7000 km. To carry out maintenance on your own, you will need to replace the lubricants in the internal combustion engine, manual transmission, RK, axles, as well as oil and fuel filters if necessary.

There is quite a lot of work to be done. First you need to change the engine oil in the engine and change the fuel filter. The replacement process takes place on a warm machine - it's faster and more efficient.

The algorithm of actions is as follows:

1. The plug of the filler and drain holes is unscrewed. Hot oil is drained into a container.
2. Remove the oil filter with a wrench.
3. The drain plug is lubricated with sealant and screwed into place.
4. A new filter is being installed.
5. The fill plug is screwed on.

It is important to note that when changing the type of oil, after draining the waste, flushing fluid is poured. Otherwise, there is a risk of damage to the internal combustion engine.

To properly carry out maintenance, you need to know how much oil you need to fill in your car. The fact is that the amount of oil in the UAZ Patriot engine depends on the type of fuel. In a gasoline engine, you will need to fill 7 liters, in a diesel engine - 6.5.

After the internal combustion engine, we move on to the manual transmission and the Republic of Kazakhstan. Gear lubricant also drains from a hot machine. In principle, the algorithm for changing the lubricant on the gearbox and transfer case is similar to that presented above.

Lubrication for manual transmission and RK is used one and the same. The required volume will be about 5 liters of liquid. It is advisable to choose a lubricant with a high viscosity, this will ensure the smooth operation of the car at low temperatures.

Oil change in bridges occurs only after preliminary cleaning of the surfaces around the filler and drain holes. If this procedure is not done, dust particles and metal chips will enter the system. Corks also need to be cleaned. The lubricant itself is filled with a syringe until the system overflows.

So, having carried out the listed work, you will spend about three hours of your time. At the same time, money will be saved on the services of the service center, and most importantly, you will know that the service is performed with high quality and the transport is insured against unwanted breakdowns.

UAZ-39094 is a commercial vehicle designed for the transportation of goods.

It has outstanding performance as well as good running characteristics. Perfect for those who are engaged in agriculture: farmers and other similar persons.

Engine used

In the technique of the type under consideration, an extremely reliable, productive engine of the ZMZ-4091 type is installed. It has the following main characteristics:

• type - gasoline, in-line;
• total number of cylinders - 4 pcs.;
• the direction of rotation of the crankshaft is right (when viewed from the side of the pulley);
• the order of operation of the cylinders is 1-3-4-2;
• combustion chamber volume - 2,693 cm 3;
• diameter of the working cylinder - 95.5 * 94 mm;
• weight in the absence of filling liquids - 190 kg.

The engine is controlled by a complex microprocessor system.

It is partly due to it that the operating mode is observed, which makes it possible to spend a minimum amount of fuel even under heavy load. In addition to injection control, this system works with engine ignition.

The crank mechanism of this engine consists of the following main structural elements:

• piston rings;
• piston;
• cylinder head;
• cylinder block.

Each piston has a pair of compression rings, as well as one oil scraper. The piston itself is made by casting aluminum.

There is a ring insert, thanks to which thermoregulation is carried out. The special skirt is shaped to minimize power loss due to friction.

Engine lubrication system - combined. It makes it possible to apply oil to rubbing surfaces under high pressure by spraying oil.

The gas distribution mechanism is especially durable: this is due to the reliable materials used for its manufacture.

So, cast iron camshafts are made of cast metal. An alloy steel chain is used as a camshaft drive. All valves are made of heat-resistant metal and can rotate during operation.

The probability of their burning through is extremely small, which makes it possible to save time and money on repairs.

A liquid cooling system is used to remove heat. It consists of the following main elements:

• water pump;
• radiator;
• coolant;
• thermostat;
• engine temperature sensor;
• alarm sensor.

Antifreezes of any brand, as well as the most ordinary water, are suitable as a coolant.

Operating parameters and price

UAZ "Farmer" 39094 has outstanding technical characteristics:

• fuel used - gasoline AI-92;
• maximum engine power, l. With. - 112 (at 4,000 rpm);
• fuel tank capacity, l - 50 (optional installation of an additional one is possible);
• fuel consumption at a speed of 90 km / h for every 100 km, l - 15.5;
• the maximum possible speed without load, km / h - 105.

Important! A feature of this car is the brake system used in it - with a vacuum booster. Moreover, the brake drums are installed both front and rear.

This allows you to be sure that the car, even in adverse road conditions, will be able to stop as quickly as possible.

The box in UAZ-39094 is used only mechanical, four-speed (plus one reverse speed). Tires recommended by the manufacturer are 225/75R16.

This rubber model allows you to load the maximum possible amount of cargo into the car body without fear of damaging it.

On a base similar to UAZ-39094, a large number of other cars are also produced, but more specialized. The following modifications are possible:

• onboard (3303);
• COMBI (3909);
• glazed van (29891);
• buses (8 and 9 seats).

The cost of UAZ-39094 "Farmer" depends on the condition of the body, as well as the year of manufacture and mileage:

Name	Year of issue	Mileage, km	Cost, rub.
39094	2015	0	549 000
39094	2006	120 000	250 000
39094	2007	100 000	320 000
39094	2013	50 000	380 000
39094	2012	45 000	350 000

The main features of this car include the following:

• luggage compartment very large - if necessary, the awning can be quickly and easily detached;

• impressive ground clearance- UAZ-39094 easily overcomes the countryside, where there are a large number of potholes and bumps;
• wheel formula– 4×4;
• admissible installation of gas equipment;
• Very spacious salon;
• low cost compared with similar vehicles with similar driving characteristics from other manufacturers.

Weight and dimensions

Despite the excellent capacity, as well as a large number of passenger seats, the UAZ-39094 has a relatively compact size:

• body length from front to rear bumper, mm - 4,820;
• width from the edge of the left wheel to the edge of the right wheel, mm - 2,100;
• height from the bottom of the tread to the cabin roof, mm - 2 355.

At the same time, the wheelbase is 2,550 mm, the ground clearance is 220 mm.

Thanks to this, as well as all-wheel drive, this car is perfect for moving through the countryside, fields and country roads covered with ruts from tractors, KamAZ trucks.

If necessary, UAZ-39094 can even travel through small ford rivers, but the depth should not exceed 50 cm.

Mass characteristics:

• equipped (when all filling tanks are filled), kg - 1,975;
• full (at maximum load, with passengers and a driver), kg - 3,050;
• the maximum amount of transported cargo, kg - 1,075.

Suspension and chassis

The most important advantage of the UAZ-39094 is its excellent cross-country ability. It is provided not only by the wheelbase, all-wheel drive and a powerful engine, but also by a 2-speed transfer case.

With its help, you can disable the drive that drives the front axle. The angles of arrival and departure are extremely large. For this reason, problems with overcoming obstacles will never arise.

"Farmer" moves well on hilly terrain and off-road.

Dependent suspension is used - both front and rear.

Its main structural elements are semi-elliptical springs and paired shock absorbers (on each axle). If necessary, you can replace drum brakes with disc brakes.

The car is somewhat difficult to drive. Affect the large diameter of the wheels, as well as a very aggressive rubber tread.

If necessary, you can install power steering in this car: today such a pleasure will cost only 20-30 thousand rubles. Given the cost of the UAZ itself, this is not so much.

Refueling tanks

The car in question can only be operated if there are the required volumes of filling tanks inside the engine. Their number is as follows:

The number of filling containers that are filled into the car may decrease over time for various reasons.

There are certain consumption rates, they are calculated for every 100 liters of fuel:

• engine oil, l - 2.2;
• transmission lubricant, l - 0.2;
• special oil, l - 0.05;
• lamellar lubricant, kg - 0.2.

According to the requirements of the factory operating instructions, in the cooling system of UAZ vehicles, coolant brands OZH-40 and OZH-65 Lena, TOSOL A-40M, TOSOL A-65M, or OZH-40 and OZH-65 TOSOL-TS .

Of course, it is necessary to follow the requirements of the manufacturer, however, in modern realities, when the choice of various antifreezes and antifreezes on the shelves of stores is large enough, if you wish, you can always choose a more technologically advanced and perfect coolant for your car's cooling system.

Specialized stores sell ready-to-use coolants with the names Tosol and Antifreeze. All of them, with very rare exceptions, are suitable for use in UAZ vehicles. Despite the different names, Antifreeze is usually the same Antifreeze, only with slightly better performance characteristics. They will be discussed in more detail below.

Refueling volume of the cooling system of UAZ vehicles.

- UAZ Patriot, UAZ Pickup and UAZ Cargo with the ZMZ-409 engine - 12.0 liters.
- UAZ Patriot, UAZ Pickup and UAZ Cargo with the ZMZ-409, ZMZ-51432 CRS engine and a radiator with horizontal tubes, as well as with the Iveco F1A engine - 14.0 liters.
- UAZ Hunter models UAZ-315195 and UAZ-315148 - 12.5 liters.
- UAZ Hunter model UAZ-315143 - 16 liters.
- UAZ-3153, UAZ-31519, UAZ-315194 - 11.5 liters.
- Van UAZ-374195 and a truck with a double cab and a wooden loading platform UAZ-330395 - 12.7 liters.
- Ambulances and UAZ-396255, UAZ-390995 Farmer and bus UAZ-220695 - 13.7 liters.
- A truck with an increased base UAZ-330365 and a utility vehicle with an increased base UAZ-390945 - 13.6 liters.

Coolant replacement interval in the cooling system of UAZ vehicles, reuse of antifreeze or antifreeze drained from the system.

According to the service book for 2015, the manufacturer recommends completely replacing the coolant every 60,000 kilometers or 4 years, whichever comes first. In fact, the replacement interval should be calculated taking into account the operational properties of the flooded antifreeze or antifreeze. In the case of vehicle operation in difficult conditions, it is recommended to reduce the interval for replacing the coolant in the cooling system of UAZ vehicles. The plant refers to difficult conditions:

- towing,
- for the most part, short trips of 4-5 kilometers or trips over long distances at low speed,
- constant operation in large cities,
- continuous operation in areas where the air temperature often goes beyond the range from minus 15 to plus 30 degrees Celsius,
- frequent operation on dirty and dusty roads, as well as roads on which chemicals are used to process the canvas.

In addition, the need to replace the coolant occurs if:

- Its service life has reached or exceeded the terms specified by the manufacturer.
- There were leaks or coolant, after which water or a liquid from another manufacturer was added to the cooling system.
- When the color or shade of the coolant changes, which are the first signs of a loss of performance of additives.
- If other liquids enter the coolant, for example from the engine lubrication system.

When repairing an engine or cooling system, when the coolant is drained, its reuse is allowed if a clean funnel and container were used for draining and storing. It is advisable to filter the coolant before reuse.

Antifreeze - types and composition.

The term "Antifreeze" (Antifreeze) originated abroad. It was used to refer to a concentrate that was added to water in a car's engine cooling system. However, this term then took into account only the cold-protective role of this product, assuming that its use is a seasonal need.

Now the name Antifreeze implies not only the cold-protective properties of the product, but also reflects its function as a heat exchange medium designed to protect the engine cooling system from corrosion and damage all year round in all operating conditions.

Automotive antifreezes usually consist of ethylene glycol, less often - propylene glycol, which, unlike ethylene glycol, is not toxic, but is much more expensive, water and additives. Ethylene glycol is poisonous and can enter the human body through the skin. Most dangerous if drunk.

The ethylene glycol solution is quite aggressive to the materials of parts - steel, cast iron, aluminum, copper, brass, solder. Therefore, a complex of additives is added to antifreeze, giving it anti-corrosion, anti-cavitation and anti-foam properties. Ethylene glycol, in addition to lowering the freezing point, leads to an increase in the boiling point of the coolant, which is an additional advantage when operating vehicles in the warm season.

Dyes are also added to antifreezes, giving them one color or another, which has nothing to do with its performance properties. Color is mainly needed to distinguish one fluid from another, to determine the level of coolant in the expansion tank, and also to distinguish coolant leaks from leaks of other operating fluids.

Currently, antifreezes are conventionally divided into four types according to the composition of functional additives: carboxylate (OAT), hybrid (Hybrid), lobrid (Lobrid) and traditional (Traditional). Carboxylate antifreezes G-12, G-12+ contain corrosion inhibitors based on organic (carboxylic) acids and have the longest service life - more than 5 years.

Hybrid antifreezes G-11 contain, in addition to organic (carboxylate) inhibitors, also inorganic inhibitors - silicates, nitrites or phosphates. Service life 3-5 years. Lobrid antifreeze G-12 ++, G-13 is a relatively new type of coolant in which an organic base is combined with a small amount of mineral inhibitors.

Traditional antifreezes contain inorganic substances as corrosion inhibitors - silicates, phosphates, borates, nitrites, amines, nitrates and their combinations. Antifreezes of this type are already considered obsolete due to the short service life of about 2 years and the inability to withstand high, more than 105 degrees, temperatures for a long time. Antifreeze and its numerous modifications just belong to the traditional type of antifreeze.

antifreeze standards.

There are no uniform standards for antifreezes, but there are the most recognized ones. For example, American - ASTM D 3306, D 4340, D 4985 and SAE J1034, English - BS 6580, B55117, Japanese - JIS K 2234, French - AFNOR NF R 15-601, and German - FVV HEFT R 443.

As with motor oils, some automakers may specify their own tolerances for antifreeze. For example, for Audi, Seat, Skoda and VW it is TL 774D (G12), F (G12+), for Mercedes-Benz it is 325.3, for Renault and Ford it is WSS-M97B44-D.

Antifreeze - types and composition.

TOSOL is the name of an automotive coolant developed in 1971 for VAZ cars to replace the Italian PARAFLU by specialists from GosNIIOKhTA - the State Research Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology. The first three letters of the abbreviation TOSOL indicate the department of organic synthesis technology, and the letters OL are added to make a word similar to the name of alcohols - ethanol, butanol, methanol. According to another version, "OL" is an abbreviation for the Separate Laboratory that developed antifreeze.

The TOSOL trademark has not been registered, so it is widely used by all coolant manufacturers. The operational properties of these fluids can be different and depend on their composition. Antifreeze, like antifreeze, is a solution of ethylene glycol, water and various additives.

TOSOL A-40M consists of 44% water and 56% ethylene glycol, and provides a boiling point at normal atmospheric pressure - at least 108 degrees. It is recommended to use it in areas with an ambient temperature of at least minus 40 degrees. TOSOL A-65M consists of 35% water and 65% ethylene glycol, and boils, at normal atmospheric pressure, at a temperature of at least 110 degrees. It is recommended to use it in the regions of the Far North and equivalent areas.

Outwardly, the standard TOSOL A-40M is most often a blue liquid, and TOSOL A-65M is red. A change in the color of antifreeze during operation indicates the loss of its operational properties. In particular, the development of corrosion inhibitors, and the need for replacement. For example, blue TOSOL A-40M, as it ages, first becomes blue-green, then green, then yellow, and may completely discolor.

The rate of aging and discoloration of antifreeze depends on the operating temperature of the coolant. In particular, when the engine is running with constant overheating, of the order of 100-105 degrees and above, the antifreeze may turn yellow and lose its qualities after several hundred hours of engine operation.

Aged antifreeze, due to the development of additives, can cause the formation of a thick layer of scale in the system. This can lead to deformation of parts, local and excessive thermal expansion, corrosion of aluminum blocks and cylinder heads.

Compatibility of coolants, is it possible to mix antifreeze and antifreeze.

During the operation of the vehicle, the fluid level in the cooling system may become low due to water evaporation or leaks. In the first case, you need to add distilled water, and if not, then filtered and boiled water. In the second - antifreeze or antifreeze of the same brand.

Antifreeze and antifreeze produced by different manufacturers according to the same specifications can be mixed. However, if the specification numbers are not the same, then it is better not to do this. The components of additive complexes can react with each other and lose their useful properties. In extreme cases, with large losses of coolant, it is best to add water to the cooling system, and then, as soon as possible, completely replace all the liquid in the cooling system.