Motor oils for YaMZ diesel engines
Yaroslavl Motor Plant among Russian manufacturers of automotive diesel engines for more than 60 years has been a leader in the formation of the necessary requirements for motor oils.
The year 1940 was marked by the release of the YaAZ-204 engine, it was at that moment that it was necessary to launch a completely new product on the market, because cars with the new YaAZ-204 engine, even using the best oils without additives, did not have time to work out more than 160 hours! They failed after 100-150 hours of operation. Coking of piston rings or complete loss of mobility - that's what was stopping the engine. The sulfur contained in the fuel, and naturally the oxidation products of non-polymerization, formed from the oil due to exposure to high temperatures, strongly coke the piston rings in the grooves.
It is worth understanding the fact which oils form strong oil films, do not prevent coking of piston rings, do not form resinous deposits, interfere with the formation of deposits in the exhaust system, in addition exclude soot on candles, do not have amazing anti-corrosion and anti-wear qualities. How much oil is in the MAZ-504 YaMZ-238 engine: 240: 29.0: Engine oil tolerances: summer: M-10V2, M. Nettle, synthetic oils. they are perfectly adapted to new types of fuel and are not environmentally friendly.
By the end of the 50s, the Yaroslavl Motor Plant produced two YaMZ-236 diesel engines, not YaMZ-238. This YaMZ 238 turbo diesel engine has a fairly wide use of inexpensive engine oil and gear oil. How the oil is changed in the Daewoo engine in the Daewoo Nexia, how many liters. For these engines, oils with more effective additives were useful. Then a new release of YaMZ diesel engines necessitated an increase in the level of performance parameters of motor oils used in almost all engines.
Currently, YaMZ has a standard RD 37.319.034-97, which spells out what remains to be done by our client with the requirements for the physical and chemical non-operational properties of motor oils used on YaMZ engines. A similar standard establishes the procedure for admitting motor oils to YaMZ engines. How much oil should be poured into a Renault gearbox. How many liters; Oil volume (l.) 1.5: SOHC: How many liters; Brake fluid Daewoo. For this purpose, the document also additionally spells out sets of methods for testing motor oils, which are subjected to oils of different groups.
According to the systematization of motor oils (API - South American Petroleum Institute). four groups of YaMZ oils correspond to the following four classes:
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- Motor oil group YaMZ-1-97 with class CC for highly accelerated engines operating in difficult conditions, naturally aspirated, in other words, moderately supercharged.
Motor oil group YaMZ-2-97 with class CD- This is a group of oils created for high-speed turbocharged diesel engines with not the highest engine power. Engines of this type operate at high pressures at low speeds, so they require high anti-wear additives with anti-carbon properties.
Motor oil group YaMZ-3-02 with class CF, which meets the environmental requirements of Euro-1, is used in off-road vehicles, engines with split injection, in addition to engines running on fuel with a sulfur content of more than 0.5%. Class oils group CF replaces class oils CD.
Ural timber carrier Changing the oil in the engine. How many liters of oil should be poured into the engine. Yamz-238 first person
Ural timber carrier, Yamz engine—238 , drain oils, washing the centrifuge, filter, etc. thermostat is not a faucet trailer.
How to change the oil on a T-150K tractor with YaMZ-236(238)
April 2014. Seasonal change oils V YaMZ engine-236 on the T-150K tractor. Oil used for replacement.
According to the Russian systematization of motor oils GOST 17479.1-85 (by designation not the level of operational parameters) used in cars, tractors, diesel locomotives, agricultural, marine, road and other equipment, the first three groups are equivalent to G2, D2 not E2.
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GOST 17479.1-85 on YaMZ engines use winter, summer non-all-season oils, motor oil viscosity classes 8, 10 not 5z / 10, 5z / 14, 6z / 14.
Winter oil, corresponding to viscosity class 8, is used in the ambient temperature range from 15 to 10°C.
Class 10 summer oil is used in the range of 5…35°С; all-weather oils in the spectra.25…35.25…40.20…40°С, respectively.
The tests of the Yaroslavl Motor Plant for compliance with the YaMZ-1-97 motor oil group are successfully passed by non-Russian oil M-6z / 10V. How much oil you need to fill in the box How much oil you need GAS "advise. It is distinguished by its versatility, because it was created for all-weather implementation in diesel non-gasoline engines. In most cases, it is used by owners of a mixed fleet of cars not a car fleet.
Oils such as M-8DM not M-10DM, passing tests in accordance with GOST 8581-78, are used on turbocharged engines, in naturally aspirated engines they are used with a doubled shift period. My moped: Alfa how much oil do you need to fill in the box of a moped, oil is sold. But usually in naturally aspirated diesel engines, M-8G2 not M-10G2 motor oils are used.
The Yaroslavl Motor Plant produces diesel engines with a power range from 110 to 588 kW. YaMZ diesel engines are installed on various cars, road non-construction equipment (tractors, dump trucks, truck cranes, excavators). How much oil is in the Volkswagen Golf II gearbox. YaMZ diesel engines are also used in agricultural non-industrial machinery, and in total YaMZ diesel engines are used in more than 300 different types of equipment produced in our country outside the CIS countries.
We suggest that you carefully study the detailed table of recommended motor oils for YaMZ engines, which you can purchase from us. How much horsepower does it have?
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Throughout its existence, the YaMZ-238 engine has undergone many modifications, but the basic design has remained virtually unchanged. This power unit is considered one of the most reliable and powerful for trucks and agricultural machinery.
The volume of oil in the engine is the most important characteristic, if it is not observed, the normal operation of the unit is impossible. This indicator is closely related to such data as the number of operating hours before replacement and the class of lubricants recommended in the instructions.
The Yaroslavl Motor Plant produces a whole line of engines, the prototype of which can be considered YaMZ 238. The production of this engine began in 1962. It became an improved version of the previously assembled YaMZ 236 (six-cylinder), but for many years both power units continued to be actively used in parallel with each other. The family has many common features: design features, operating principles, similar technical indicators. Later YaMZ 530 appeared - four- and six-cylinder in-line engines, both diesel and gas.
The motors of the Yaroslavl plant are used on powerful trucks MAZ, Urals, KrAZ, tractors and combines, river and sea boats, as well as diesel power plants. Due to its reliability and unpretentiousness, the engine is still in demand, its production continues. The latest version of the YaMZ-238 / Euro-0 Turbo is distinguished by the presence of a turbine. Among other design improvements, it is equipped with a liquid-oil heat exchanger and a high-pressure fuel pump.
By design, the YaMZ-238 power unit is an eight-cylinder V-shaped two-row body made of low-alloyed gray cast iron, the camber angle of this motor is 90 °.
Main design features and technical characteristics:
- displacement of cylinder rows relative to each other by 35 mm;
- working volume 14.85 l;
- naturally aspirated;
- power from 180 to 240 hp;
- fuel consumption (100% power) - 227 g / kWh.
Oils for YaMZ
The strength of the YaMZ 238 engine is a carefully thought-out and trouble-free oil lubrication system for all components. A mixed scheme is used here, its principle of operation is that the main and connecting rod bearings located in the key components of the unit - the camshaft and crankshaft - are lubricated under pressure. The connecting rod bushings, oil pump idler bushings, valve rocker bushings, pushrod bushings, and spherical rod bearings are also serviced. The remaining elements - the cylinder mirror, rolling bearings, gears and camshaft cams do not require such an amount of lubrication and are serviced by splashing. On the walls of the cylinder block, a system of oil channels is provided for supplying lubricant to the units and filters of the mechanism.
According to the instructions for servicing motors of the 238 series, GOST 5304-54 diesel oil is used. Also in the accompanying documents, you can find recommendations on the use of engine oil additives that improve the functioning of the oil refilled into the engine.
The main elements of the YaMZ 238 lubrication system:
- standard gear type oil pump;
- jet driven centrifugal fine oil filter;
- full-flow oil filter based on a metal mesh with a replaceable filter element.
Characteristics of filling tanks YaMZ 238
For the YaMZ 238 engine, a mixed-type lubrication system with a "wet" sump is used.
To clarify how much oil will need to be poured into the YaMZ 238 engine, you can focus on the size of the unit's filling tanks. In particular, the lubrication system has a volume of 32 liters of oil.
The engine cooling system without a radiator requires 20 liters of lubricants. The fuel pump needs 0.2 liters, the air filter capacity is 1.4 liters. The 238 model, unlike the 236, does not have a regulator.
The volume of oil in the YaMZ 238 engine is measured using a special dipstick marked "maximum" and "minimum". 24-28 liters are poured at a time, while the working volume of the lubrication system of this power unit reaches 32 liters. if during operation the oil pressure in the system is increased to more than 520 kPa (5.2 kgf / sq. cm), excess lubricants return through the oil line and are simultaneously cleaned by filters.
Maintenance and repair of YaMZ 238
Service maintenance of the YaMZ 238 engine is recommended to be carried out after 20,000 - 25,000 km of run. When checking, the oil pressure should give indicators of 4-7 kgf / cm2 on a warm engine. The indicator is the same for atmospheric and turbo systems. A change of lubricants is necessary during maintenance according to the schedule, as well as when streaks, smoke, knocks appear during engine operation, while the capacity of various systems varies, as well as the timing of replacement.
You can get acquainted with the technology of servicing power units in the repair and operation manual developed by the manufacturer. The complex of mandatory operations during maintenance of the internal combustion engine of the Yaroslavl plant includes the following manipulations:
- Change of oil;
- checking and replacing filters:
- fine filter,
- coarse filter,
- fuel filters,
- exhaust system ecofilter,
- air filter;
- adjustment of valves;
- nozzle cleaning;
- checking and debugging the fuel pump.
Important: the YaMZ 238 engine urgently needs repairs if blue smoke appears during operation. This indicates that the lubricant is burning.
The product that glorified the enterprise and brought it to the leaders of the diesel industry in Russia is the YaMZ 236 engine. This unit has been rolling off the assembly line of the plant for more than fifty years, and, despite this, is still in demand and popular. YaMZ 236 engine, a common power plant in our country and in the CIS countries. The motor is used for installation on trucks, tractors, combines, more than ten modifications of the unit have been developed. Such a need for a unit is simply explained: versatility, reliability, simplicity and survivability, here is the recipe for longevity of YaMZ 236.
Ural 4320 with installed YaMZ 236 unit:
Start
The birth of the power plant began in the fifties of the last century. The plant in Yaroslavl received an order from the state to create powerful diesel units. The designers were tasked with developing a universal engine that can be used on cars, tractors and for other needs.
A talented designer undertook the development of the installation, and the scientist Chernyshev G.D. Under his leadership, the history of the famous YaMZ 236 engine and other series of diesel units began. Thanks to the course for a massive transition from gasoline to diesel, the power unit quickly spread throughout the Soviet Union. The new unit was economical, reliable, easy to maintain. The installation was valued for its affordability in terms of the price of spare parts and an increased resource, which made it possible to overcome 500,000 km of run.
Chernyshev Georgy Dmitrievich (born 1923-1999) developer of YaMZ 236:
Description
The power unit was highly appreciated and trusted by users. Largely due to the fact that the YaMZ 236 engine has such technical characteristics that confirm statements about its versatility. The engine is six-cylinder, the angle of inclination between the cylinders is 90 °, the arrangement of the chambers is parallel, in two rows. During operation, an internal pressure of 16.5 atmospheres is created. The fuel mixture is supplied by injection into the combustion chamber. The cross section of the piston is 130mm, the stroke of the product is 140mm. The pressure of the fuel is created by a high-pressure fuel pump, the operation of the pump is carried out by mechanics, the injection of the working mixture into each cylinder occurs with the help of sprayers. There are three intake and three exhaust valves per block head. Cooling with liquid, the circulation of which in the product is forced, by a water pump driven by the crankshaft. The total volume of the cylinders of the unit is eleven liters, the generated power varies from 150 to 420 horsepower. After a little refinement and tuning of the engine, the fuel consumption of the installation was 25 liters per hundred kilometers, while earlier this figure was forty liters. The unit block is made of cast iron, although the latest models actively use aluminum as a material.
HTZ T150 tractor with installed YaMZ 236 unit:
Specifications YaMZ 236
During production, the basic model of the power unit served as the basis for the creation of various types of modifications, the number of which exceeds fifteen pieces. The parameters of the basic model are presented in the table.
Basic characteristics of the YaMZ 236 engine:
| clarification | Index |
| Manufacturer | PJSC "Avtodiesel" |
| Release period | 1958 - present day |
| Fuel | Diesel |
| Unit power | direct injection |
| How many bars | 4 |
| Assembly Block Alloy | Cast iron or aluminum |
| Number of positive displacement chambers (pcs.), location | "v6" |
| Valve, total (pieces) | 36 |
| Engine size YaMZ 236 | 11,15 |
| The order of operation of the YaMZ 236 engine | 1,5,4,2,6,3 |
| Positive displacement chamber, diameter, mm | 130 |
| Distance between the extreme positions of the piston, millimeters | 140 |
| Supercharger space ratio: top/bottom | 17,5 |
| The volume of oil in the YaMZ 236 engine (l) | 24 |
| Power of the unit (hp) | 150 to 420 |
| Rotating impulse (Nm) | From 667 to 1275 |
| Compliance with environmental indicators | "Euro - 2 - 1 - 0" |
| The mass of the YaMZ 236 engine in its pure form, kg | From 820 to 1010 |
| Weight of the unit with a hinged kit, kg | 880 to 1070 |
| The weight of the YaMZ 236 engine in a complete set, kg | From 1170 to 1385 |
Power unit YaMZ 236: cylinder block
Varieties and operation
The number of power plants developed and produced since the first unit rolled off the assembly line is a large number, classification according to environmental standards facilitates the process.
- Unit YaMZ 236M2 (Euro 0).
The power units of the modification are produced naturally, comply with Euro 0 standards. The motors are mounted on: walking escalators, ships, converters and other installations. The YaMZ 236M2 engine has basic characteristics similar to the base model. The differences are in the attachments.
Power unit YaMZ 236M2 (Euro 0):
- The power unit "Euro 1".
Euro 1 and Euro 2 power units refer to products that include a turbine, an intercooler and a heat exchanger. The YaMZ 236 turbo engine managed to improve technical characteristics, power, depending on the configuration, 230 - 250 hp. Improved design and turbine have improved emissions to the atmosphere, power plants comply with regulation 96 on the emission of harmful substances.
Like atmospheric engines, turbine options can be equipped with a variable gearbox, clutch and various attachments. Depending on the attachment, the weight of the modifications can vary significantly from each other. Motors are used on cars, platforms, cranes, compressors and other equipment. A significant plus units, reduced fuel consumption.
Euro 1 modifications:
Power unit YaMZ 236 ND (Euro 1):
- Unit 236NE2 (Euro 2).
The basic characteristics of the power unit are identical to the characteristics of a motor that meets the requirements of Euro 1. The difference between the 236NE2 engine series is compliance with rules No. 49; No. 24-03 Euro2. Power plants are used in transport, the operation of which is associated with difficult conditions. These include: equipment "Ural", "MAZ", "ZIL", multi-seat transport for the transport of passengers.
Power unit YaMZ 236 NE (Euro 2):
YaMZ 236 engine adjustment
It is difficult to set up the unit in the field, since special equipment must be available to carry out the disassembly and assembly procedure. The setup procedure includes a large number of operations, the main manipulations include:
- Adjustment of the valves of the unit.
The operation is carried out using a special probe, which is used only for YaMZ 236 power plants. The peculiarity is that the process proceeds with the valve cover removed. - Unit clutch balancing.
The adjustment operation takes place using a special stand. - Adjusting the fuel supply through the high pressure fuel pump of the unit.
The work is carried out in a place specially designated for this, since the mechanism is regulated only with the help of a special tool, which is difficult to find outside the station servicing the unit.
Care
The power unit has a simple device, so servicing the motor is not difficult. To carry out work, it is necessary to read the instructions for the engine in order to know the nuances that arise during the operation. It is also desirable to study the scheme of mechanisms and nodes with which it is planned to work. The main types of manipulations:
- Changing the oil in the unit. The lubrication system of the base power unit includes about 24 liters of oil. The replacement procedure is simple, just drain the old fluid and fill in new grease. The oil recommended for use in a 236 engine is M10G2K diesel grease, or similar oils. The replacement procedure is carried out after every 8-10 thousand kilometers.
YaMZ 236 power unit: M10G2K oil
- Replacing unit filters. The power unit is equipped with filter elements that must be changed every 10,000 km. This is done in order to maintain the operability of the technical installation, extending the service life of the latter. The filter elements include: elements for coarse and fine fuel cleaning, air filters and other filters in accordance with the engine configuration.
YaMZ 236 power unit: air filter element
- Cleaning by blowing the nozzles that supply fuel to the combustion chamber of the unit.
Power unit YaMZ 236: atomizer
- In case of fluid leakage from the unit, replace the oil pan seals and cylinder head covers.
- Replacement, adjustment, tightening of the unit belts.
| Specifications | |
|---|---|
| Primary (nominal) power | 132 kW |
| Reserve (max.) power | 145.2 kW |
| engine's type | diesel, 4-stroke |
| Engine displacement | 11.15 l |
| Number, arrangement of cylinders | 6, V-shaped |
| The order of operation of the cylinders | 1-4-2-5-3-6 |
| Bore / Stroke | 130 x 140 mm |
| Compression ratio | 16,5:1 |
| Rated speed | 2100 min -1 |
| Engine management system | mechanical, without CAN bus support |
| fuel injection system | direct injection, injection pump with mechanical regulator |
| Air intake type | naturally aspirated (atmospheric) |
| Cooling system | liquid |
| Fan power take-off | 5 kW |
| Load acceptance step (step-load, G2), rel. main power | 100 % |
| Rated voltage of electrical system | 24 V |
| Specific fuel consumption : | |
| at 100% nom. power | 214 g/kW*h |
| at 75% nom. power | - g/kW*h |
| at 50% nom. power | - g/kW*h |
| Oil consumption for waste, at 100% power | |
| - regarding fuel consumption | 0 % |
| - specific oil consumption | 1.07 g/kW*h |
| Filling capacities: | |
| - Lubrication system | 19 l |
| - cooling system | 30 l |
| Standard oil change period | 250 hours |
| Dimensions (L x W x H) | 1020 x 1040 x 1220 mm |
| Weight (without oil and coolants) | 895 kg |
| Resource before overhaul | 12000 hours |
1 Prime power- rated power (at 1500 rpm) for continuous operation of the YaMZ-236M2-48 diesel engine at various loads in accordance with GOST 10150-88. Within 1 hour, load up to 110% of the main (rated) power is allowed. Between overloads there should be a break necessary to establish a normal thermal regime. The total operating time in the 10% overload mode should not exceed 10% of the time worked by the diesel engine from the start of operation or after repair.
2 Standby power (Stand-by power)- for the operation of the YaMZ-236M2-48 diesel engine with normal load changes during a power outage in accordance with GOST 10150-88. Annual operating time should not exceed 500 hours. Overloads are not allowed.
3 Specific fuel consumption specified at a diesel fuel density of 0.84 kg/l.
4 Volume of liquid cooling system engine YaMZ-236M2-48 is indicated taking into account the radiator, pipes and expansion tank.
5 Engine oil change period depending on the operating conditions of the YaMZ-236M2-48 engine (for example, with increased ambient air pollution), it may decrease - be sure to check the recommendations of the engine manufacturer on the frequency of maintenance.
6 Diesel engine equipment YaMZ-236M2-48 is given in the amount established by Diesel Company LLC as part of a finished diesel power plant. The complete set of the YaMZ-236M2-48 engine supplied by the manufacturer may differ.
STANDARD EQUIPMENT
Fuel system:
- direct injection, six-plunger high-pressure fuel pump (high pressure fuel pump), with a mechanical regulator and a fuel priming pump
- coarse fuel filter with replaceable filter element
- fine fuel filter with replaceable filter element
Engine lubrication system:
- gear type oil pump
- full-flow oil filter with replaceable filter element
- centrifugal fine oil filter
Air and gas exhaust system:
- naturally aspirated (atmospheric)
- air filter
Cooling system:
- liquid cooling radiator
- centrifugal type water pump with V-belt drive from the crankshaft, thermostat
- six-blade gear-driven fan
Electrical equipment:
- electric generator with rated voltage 28V, 28A
- electric starter 24V power 8.2 kW
- oil pressure sensor
- coolant temperature sensors
YaMZ-236 is one of the most common Soviet-made diesel engines. It is a four-stroke, six-cylinder, 12-valve diesel engine with a wide range of applications. Along with the titles of one of the most versatile and popular, this engine has also earned a reputation as the most reliable and "trouble-free" of domestic diesel engines.
YaMZ-236 has a solid and glorious history. It began at the turn of the 50s and 60s of the twentieth century, when the design bureau of the Yaroslavl Motor Plant was given the task of developing and putting into series a modern and economical "wide profile" diesel engine that could be used not only in cars and tractors, but also in many other areas of the national economy.
In the Soviet Union at that time, a course was taken for the general "dieselization" of heavy vehicles. Most trucks then ran on gasoline and were very uneconomical in terms of fuel consumption. New, modern, highly efficient and economical "engines" running on diesel fuel, it was supposed to equip heavy vehicles and truck tractors; buses and tractors, various special equipment.
It should be noted that at that time the USSR was actually "ahead of the rest" in terms of the level of development of industrial technologies and engineering. We, modern people, accustomed to the technological lag of our country behind developed countries, are unusual. But at that time, the new engines, launched in 1961 at the Yaroslavl plant, the YaMZ-236 and YaMZ-238 (eight-cylinder version) were really the best in the world.
YaAZ-204 and YaAZ-206 - the "ancestors" of YaMZ-236 and YaMZ-238
These diesel engines became direct "descendants" of the YaAZ-204 and YaAZ-206 diesel engines, which were produced at the Yaroslavl (until 1958 it was called "automobile") engine plant. By the time the YaMZ-236 was developed, these two-stroke 4- and 6-cylinder engines were already quite outdated, both technically and morally. After all, they were created on the basis of General Motor's GMS-4/71 and GMS-6/71 diesel engines of the 1930s.
When developing and putting into mass production diesel engines of a new generation, Soviet specialists relied on the rich experience in the production of diesel engines accumulated in the domestic industry. Remember: the Germans, British and Americans fought the entire Great Patriotic War on gasoline tanks. While in the USSR only pre-war BTs were gasoline. Both the legendary T-34 and all subsequent Soviet combat vehicles were diesel-powered.
The group for the creation of new Yaroslavl diesel engines was led by an outstanding Soviet scientist, designer, inventor, Doctor of Technical Sciences Georgy Dmitrievich Chernyshev. With his direct participation, a family of YaMZ engines that met the requirements of the time was created, which became an excellent energy basis for the national economy of the USSR. The state received a powerful, reliable, extremely versatile diesel engine with simple maintenance, unpretentiousness and the ability to use cheap spare parts.
In the assembly shop of YaMZ. Photo 2014.
The new YaMZ-236 diesel engine turned out to be so efficient and reliable that it immediately became the only and regular one for dozens of different types of equipment, and after more than half a century it continues to be produced at the Yaroslavl Motor Plant - in dozens of different modifications!
Although since then, of course, world technologies have gone far ahead, and this motor is already far from the best in the world. In terms of performance and application efficiency, it can be compared with modern Chinese counterparts on the market. But in terms of reliability and maintainability, it is still ahead of not only the "Chinese", but also the best world analogues "originally" from the most developed countries.
Technical characteristics of the YaMZ-236 engine
The six cylinders of the YaMZ-236 engine are arranged in two rows, at an angle of ninety degrees. The applied V-shaped arrangement of cylinders was used to reduce the length of the engine and its weight, for a more rational layout and to reduce the weight of the entire vehicle as a whole.
A distinctive feature of these engines is also the rational placement of all units. This goes well with the simplicity of the design, improving their accessibility for both operation and repair. Components and parts that must be regularly serviced during operation are located in easily accessible places, mainly in the front of the engine, as well as in the collapse of the cylinders.
The fuel filter, air brake compressor and electric generator are located at the top front. They are fixed on the top cover of the block. The compressor and generator are driven by a belt from a pulley on the fan shaft. Also in front are a water pump and power steering. They are driven by a pulley, directly from the crankshaft of the engine. On the left, at the front end of the cylinder block, oil filters are located - coarse and centrifugal oil cleaning. The oil pump also works from the crankshaft gear, which is located on the front main bearing cap.
YaMZ-236, just released from the wooden factory packaging.
The electric starter for starting the engine is located on the lower right side. The crankcase is protected from below by a pallet, which is also a container for the engine lubrication system. Interchangeable cylinder heads are located on the mating planes of each row of cylinders. The valves of the gas distribution system and nozzles are also located there. The valve mechanisms are closed with steel covers, one of which has a branch pipe for filling engine oil.
On the side, from the outer sides, exhaust pipelines are attached to the side surfaces of the heads; from the sides of the collapse - inlet and outlet pipes, with thermostats of the cooling system. The air filter is located in a special adapter into which all inlet pipelines are combined. The high pressure fuel pump is located in the cylinder chamber. It is installed assembled with a speed level regulator, with an auto-clutch for advancing diesel fuel injection and a fuel priming pump.
Now the rear layout. The flywheel housing is fixed at the rear end of the cylinder block. This crankcase is equipped with a hatch from below, closed with a steel stamp cover. A clutch is mounted on the flywheel, and a gearbox with a clutch housing is located behind the end face of the flywheel housing.
Main characteristics in numbers
YaMZ-236 diesel engines are produced both atmospheric (basic version) and turbocharged. The power range starts from 150 horsepower, or 110 kW (for the derated version of the YaMZ-236G) and varies up to 300 horsepower, or 220 kW, for the forced turbocharged version.
Overall dimensions of the YaMZ-236 engine:
- Length without gearbox and clutch: 1020 mm;
- Length with gearbox and clutch: 1800 mm;
- Width: 1006mm;
- Height: 1195 mm.
YaMZ-236 engine weight (dry, unfilled):
- Without auxiliary equipment: from 820 to 1010 kg;
- With a set of auxiliary equipment: from 880 to 1070 kg;
- With accessory kit plus clutch and gearbox: 1170 to 1385 kg.
- The working volume of the combustion chamber is 11.15 liters (11,150 cubic centimeters).
- The maximum torque is from 667 to 1275 Nm, at 1200-1500 rpm.
- Cylinder diameter: 130mm; piston stroke: 140 mm; compression ratio - 17.5.
- Min. specific fuel consumption: 214 (157) g/kWh (g/hp.h)
The main elements of the YaMZ-236 engine
The main body part of the motor is its block crankcase, which is a special spatial casting of low-alloyed gray pearlitic cast iron. This casting is processed by the method of "artificial aging" in order to eliminate thermal stress and maintain accurate geometric shapes during operation.
The cylinder liners, machined in the block, are thick-walled, centered along two concentric bores in the block plates at the top and bottom. The row of cylinders, located on the right, is offset from the opposite by thirty-five millimeters, to accommodate two connecting rods on a common crankshaft crankpin.
Cylinder block YaMZ-236
Each of the cylinder nests is provided with two coaxial cylindrical holes made in the upper and lower plates of the block. On the top plate there are also annular grooves for sleeve collars. On the inner walls of the cylinder block there is an oil channel system that serves to continuously drain lubricant to the camshaft and crankshaft bearings, the oil filter and the liquid-oil heat exchanger.
YaMZ-236 engine cylinder head
The cylinder head of the base Yaroslavl diesel engine is a one-piece cast iron casting attached to the cylinder block with heat-treated chrome-nickel steel studs. To ensure the removal of excess heat, the cylinder head is equipped with a separate water jacket, joint with the water jacket of the entire block.
Pressed valves are located inside the cylinder head, equipped with springs and fasteners; as well as rocker arms with axles and nozzles. Valve seats are plug-in, made of special cast iron and heat-resistant alloy. The saddles are pressed into the sockets with an interference fit. The joints of the cylinder head, block and liners are sealed with one, single for three cylinders, a “sandwich” type gasket.
Crankshaft of YaMZ-236 engine
The crankshaft of the YaMZ-236 engine is made of steel grade "50G" by hot stamping. The crankshaft journals are hardened by heating with high-frequency currents. There are four crankshaft main bearings, three connecting rod journals. The connecting rod journals have additional internal cavities in which the oil is subjected to centrifugal cleaning. Counterweights are installed on the cheeks of the crankshaft, in assembly with which it is installed and regulated (balanced).
Axial fixation of the crankshaft in the engine is provided by four bronze half rings mounted in the grooves of the rear main bearing. The toe and shank of the crankshaft are sealed with special self-clamping seals made of reinforced rubber.
The flywheel of the base Yaroslavl motor is cast from gray cast iron. It is attached to the rear end of the crankshaft with bolts made of special alloy steel. These bolts are protected from spontaneous turning by locking plates. The flywheel is equipped with a steel ring gear to start the engine with a starter. The crown is fixed on the front end of the flywheel with twelve bolts locked with special folding washers.
Flywheel of the YaMZ-236 engine
The 12 radial holes on the flywheel are designed to turn the crankshaft when making engine adjustments. The shape and location of the cavities at the front end of the flywheel provide the directional imbalance necessary for the balancing system. The flywheel balancing process is carried out separately from the crankshaft, so all flywheels are interchangeable.
Connecting rod of YaMZ-236 engine
The connecting rod is made of forged steel "40X", has an I-section; the connector of its lower head is oblique, at an angle of 55 degrees. Replaceable liners are installed in the lower head of the connecting rod, while a steel / bronze OCS bushing with an outer diameter of 56 mm is pressed into the upper head. In the upper heads of the connecting rods of the YaMZ-236 engines of the previous production heads, two steel / bronze bushings were pressed in, and the annular space between them was used to supply oil to the piston pin.
The pistons installed on YaMZ-236 engines are made of high-silicon eutectic aluminum alloy. To improve the running-in of the piston to the sleeve, its surface is covered with the thinnest (0.003-0.006 mm) layer of tin. The piston skirt has a special recess for the cooling nozzle; as well as two side recesses so that the counterweights of the crankshaft do not touch the piston during operation.
The outer surface of the piston is provided with five grooves for piston rings. The top three grooves are reserved for the installation of compression rings. One groove above the piston pin and one more - in the lower part of the piston skirt - for accommodating low-removable rings.
YaMZ-236 engine in section
The piston pin, which serves to connect the piston to the connecting rod, is a hollow, floating type. It is made of steel 12-ХН/ЗА. The outer surfaces of the fingers are cemented to a depth of 1.0-1.4 mm; are subjected to hardening and tempering to hardness NKS 56-65. The outer diameter of the finger is 50 mm.
The piston rings on the YaMZ-236 are cast from special cast iron and installed in the piston grooves in a certain order (see above). They are chrome-plated, split. Compression and low-removable rings differ from each other in various types of section.
The gas distribution mechanism of the YaMZ-236 engine
The gas distribution mechanism on the YaMZ-236 is an overhead valve, with a lower camshaft. The valves are driven by pushers, rods and rocker arms. The main elements of the mechanism are as follows: camshaft, with drive gear and bearings; pushers and pusher axles; rods and rocker arms with adjusting screws and axles; valves with springs and guide sleeves.
The camshaft is forged, made from 45 carbon steel; The tappets are also steel, stamped, oscillating type with a roller to contact the camshaft lobes. Inlet and outlet valves are made of special heat-resistant steel.
Engine lubrication system YaMZ-236
The lubrication system on YaMZ-236 engines is used of a mixed (combined) type, with a "wet" sump. The oil supply is provided by a fully unified gear-type oil pump. The oil pump consists of two sections (supply and radiator). The pressure section pumps oil into the engine lubrication system, and the radiator section pumps it through the radiator.
YaMZ-236 power system
Split power system. It consists of a high-pressure fuel pump injection pump, with a fuel priming pump and a regulator, an injection advance clutch, injectors, fuel filters, fuel lines. In accordance with the order of operation of the cylinders, the high-pressure fuel pump pumps diesel fuel through high-pressure pipelines to the injectors, which inject the next “portion” of atomized fuel into the cylinder cavities. Through the bypass valve and the jet of the fine filter, excess fuel is discharged back into the fuel tank.
There are 35 modifications of the "aspirated" YaMZ-236: without turbocharging, with power from 150 to 195 hp. A detailed specification of each of them is available on the website of the Yaroslavl Motor Plant. The scope of these engines is as follows: marine engines; compressor stations; electrical units; marine diesel electrical installations; railcars; excavators, road graders and rollers, self-propelled cranes, front-end loaders, bulldozers, all-terrain vehicles, armored personnel carriers, ZIL, Ural, MAZ vehicles (mostly Soviet, from previous years of production).
MAZ-5551 car with YaMZ-236M2-1 engine
There are 54 turbocharged modifications of the YaMZ-236, their power varies from 230 to 300 horsepower. They are equipped with modern buses; harvesters; tractors and special equipment of various manufacturers; some variants of MAZ and Ural cars.
YaMZ-236 in the modern market: the cost of these engines and reviews about them
The price of the new YaMZ-236 atmospheric engine ranges from 370 to 450 thousand rubles; on YaMZ-236 turbocharged - from 480 to 650 thousand rubles. From time to time there is an opportunity to purchase YaMZ-236 a little cheaper: from the storage of the State Reserve, new, in pallets. Half the price of a new one can be found on ad sites used YaMZ-236 or motors of individual assembly (after overhaul).
For the modern development of technology, YaMZ-236 diesel engines have rather mediocre specific performance and efficiency indicators. The design, outdated over the past half century, does not allow these motors to comply with Euro-3 and higher standards. Turbocharged versions managed to be finalized to Euro-2 standards.
YaMZ-236ND motor is installed on modern Rostov harvesters "Vector"
However, their unsurpassed reliability and unpretentiousness; low price (compared to imported counterparts) for the motors themselves and spare parts for them contribute to maintaining a steady demand for these products. Reviews of the YaMZ-236 boil down to one thing: fuel consumption, by today's standards, is large, but reliability is simply excellent. Even in large ATPs, where bus drivers periodically change and there is no need to talk about caring for equipment, YaMZ-236 engines honestly work out the resource declared by the manufacturer of 800 thousand kilometers. And they continue to work further, without serious breakdowns, without requiring major repairs for a long time.
