Fuel consumption of the sewer truck gas 53. Vacuum sewer truck for the disposal of liquid masses

05.11.2019

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Habitually using communal amenities, we least of all think about the highways somewhere deep below us, along which everything that is washed away and merged moves, and about the wells where it accumulates. In fact, there is no miracle in the disappearance of waste products, and all engineering communications, which are not customary to talk about in a decent society and at the table, are an ordinary technical system that requires repair and maintenance. Practically the main tool in this process is sewage trucks, created mainly on the basis of the chassis of GAZ vehicles of various modifications.

Cessation vehicles are used wherever there is a need to pump out liquids containing a large amount of organic and inorganic impurities - sand, silt, fecal matter. Actually, this determines the scope of their application:

pumping out septic tanks of local sewage systems;
cleaning drain systems of car washes, storm sewers;
drainage of drainage and manholes, underground highways;
drainage of drilling holes, small reservoirs.

Device and principle of operation

The basis of the sewage truck device is a metal container that can be hermetically sealed. Since this special machine is faced with the task of pumping not a completely liquid, but rather a suspension saturated with impurities, a vacuum pump is connected to this barrel. It creates such a large vacuum in the tank that, for example, all the water from the pond, along with mud and crucian carp, can be sucked through a wide corrugated intake hose.

The vacuum pump is driven by the engine of a special machine through a switchgear associated with its gearbox.

When a certain level of liquid in the tank is reached, the sensor is triggered and the engine is turned off. After that, the transfer case of the pump drive is turned off, and the sewage truck can move to the place (special landfill) where the barrel is emptied and its contents are disposed of.

Photo of the GAZ-53 sewage truck

GAZ sewage trucks are based on the chassis of models 3307 and 3309. The basis of their design is an all-welded metal tank with a hermetically sealed neck at the top, to which the vacuum pump line is connected, and a suction pipe with a large-diameter four-way valve at the bottom. It withstands high pressure, and a chemically resistant coating is applied on its surface from the inside, protecting the metal from corrosion and facilitating the maintenance of the tank. Outside, it is usually painted bright red or orange.

Models differ somewhat from each other in the set of equipment and the way they work. For example, in sewage trucks based on GAZ 3307, when the tank is filled, the engine that drives the vacuum pump is automatically turned off, it has the longest intake hose - 6 meters.

Cars based on GAZ 3309 have a lot of additional electrical equipment, including an automatic valve on the intake line and an audible signal that is triggered when the barrel is filled. The car based on GAZ 53 has the largest tank in which there is a compartment for clean water.

All sewage trucks, according to the rules of the road, are equipped with flashing beacons and painted in bright colors.

Specifications

Each sewage truck based on a GAZ vehicle has its own technical characteristics, but the main difference is in the volume of the barrel and the performance of the vacuum pump.

The main purpose of the GAZ 53 vacuum cleaner is the implementation of complex production work to remove domestic and industrial wastewater, as well as cleaning household cesspools. The main consumers and customers of the sewer truck service are the housing and communal services, as well as the construction segment. If in public utilities the fundamental purpose of the machine is known, then in the construction segment, special equipment is designed to draw water from structural elements, as well as to clean various containers, reservoirs, and pits. As you can see, not only public utilities use special equipment for cleaning, but also the construction sector of the economy.

Machine design features

The standard technical characteristics of the GAZ 53 vacuum truck include several sets of attachments that are used for a certain type of workflow. The traditional equipment of special equipment has the following units and components:

Technological tank;
Vacuum type pump with built-in action drive;
A device with the characteristics of a signal-safety type;
Hatch for receiving waste;
Suction type hose;
Control mechanisms - crane and pipeline;
Additional electronic equipment.

In order to know the volume of the GAZ sewage truck, it is necessary to take into account the specific model of the vehicle. The main models of special equipment are presented with containers with a volume of 3.75m 3 to 12m 3 . Given the variety of vehicle volumes, some models of specialized equipment are designed to carry out certain work characteristics:

Small appliances. Designed exclusively to work with individuals who have minor requests for fluid pumping;
Industrial sewage truck GAZ 53. Sufficiently capacious volume of the tank, which pumps fluid from industrial wells, and is also used in the technological process at the construction site (waste pumping in construction contracts);
Universal sewage machines. This type of special equipment has a narrow specificity and is designed to pump out a large volume of water, for example, in the process of cleaning a reservoir, a pond.

Structural part of the car

The design of the sewer truck based on GAZ 53 is based on a technological container made of metal, which can be hermetically insulated and closed. Considering that the pumping process does not use a pure liquid, but rather a suspension, where there are various impurities, including solid ones, a vacuum pump is provided for efficient operation. In general, such a high vacuum is created in the tank itself that, for example, from the same pond, you can easily suck in not only water, but also ordinary mud and even small carp, perch, which enter the barrel through a corrugated structural hose.

The operation of the vacuum built-in process pump is directly connected with the interaction of the engine system of special equipment, through a special mechanical distribution device, which has a functional interface with the power take-off of the GAZ 53 cesspool.

After reaching a certain volume of the level (in some models of special equipment it is allowed to set automatic level control), the built-in control sensor is activated, which brings the vehicle to a complete stop. At the end of work and filling the container, the distributing systematized drive box belonging to the vacuum pump is turned off. Further, the vacuum truck can follow its course to a special technological landfill for solid waste storage, where the tank is emptied, with subsequent disposal.

Technical aspects of the operation of special equipment

For the first time, the machines were developed in the USSR in 1963, a little later it was decided to expand the line of car base using a system of sewers. The enterprises have been equipped with various machine models, which are known to us as:

KO-503V-2;
KO-503V-3;
KO-503V;
KO-522A;
KO-522B;
GAZ-SAZ-39014-10;
GAZ-SAZ-3901-12.

This was the main line of special equipment, on the basis of which the base, operating technology and technical characteristics of the GAZ 53 sewage truck were used. The main base of the chassis is GAZ 3309 and GAZ 3307.

The period of production of the machine is 1964-1983;
The volume of the tank - from 3.75 liters;
Pump processing capacity - 260 m3;
Additional equipment - built-in additional tanks and containers for cold water;
Pumping stop - mechanically;
Sound alarm - available;
Dimensions of the GAZ 53 sewage truck: length-6395 mm; width-2380 mm; height-2200 mm;
The maximum weight of a fully loaded car is up to 9.0 tons;
The maximum depth for the cleaned capacity is up to 4.0 meters;
The average mode of filling the container, depending on the model of the machine, is 3-6 minutes.

The fundamental difference between the GAZ 53 vacuum truck models lies in the principle of operation of the machine, as well as in the methods of filling the liquid. A more detailed description for each vacuum truck model will help you understand the fundamental characteristics of the machine to perform a particular type of work.

Maintenance of special equipment

Many owners of an approved sewer truck will tell you that the vehicle has excellent repairability. In almost any store you can find spare parts for any model of vehicle, as the industry still manufactures parts and spare parts, despite the respectable service life of the car.

The main advantages of the repair work:

Affordable and easy repair option;
No need for expensive technological maintenance;
Low cost of spare parts, which allows you to quickly recoup costs;
The presence of problematic operational units of the machine is minimized.

Frequent breakdowns in the machine are not technical units and components, but the technical wear and tear of auxiliary equipment, these are corrugated hoses, sleeves, and sometimes vacuum pumps. At the same time, the industry is now producing a sufficient amount of additional equipment, and of the highest quality. The only and significant disadvantage of the most popular sewage truck in the post-Soviet space is the low technical equipment of the automation system, which is typical for imported vehicle models. The absence of modern electronic systems in the car does not detract from the popularity of special equipment over analog foreign models.

Pumping out septic tanks, cesspools, cleaning drain systems and drains, desilting storm systems and sewers, draining and draining drainage systems and underground highways, cleaning boreholes and much more is available under the power of the most popular sewage machine, which never and in no situation won't let you down.

Video: Vacuum cleaner GAZ 53

A vacuum cleaner is a vacuum equipment designed to remove and transport liquid household, industrial waste in places where there is no centralized sewage system. The sewage pumping process is carried out with the help of special suction hoses and the creation of a vacuum in the car tank. In this case, the volume of the sewer machine can be different: from 3 to 16 m3.

The principle of operation of sewage equipment

The technique works according to this principle:

The working hose is lowered into the place where the waste is pumped out.
To transfer the liquid into the tank, a vacuum pump is turned on, which is powered by a machine engine. The duration of the suction system depends on the size of the tank and averages from 4 to 12 minutes.
When the tank is completely filled, the engine stops or a safety device is triggered - a special liquid level sensor built into the tank.
After the fuse signal is given, the pump switches off automatically.
The removal of sewage is included in the set of measures for the improvement of settlements, therefore, at the end of work, the car is sent to the disposal point, where emptying is carried out.

The device of the sewer machine

Special equipment for waste pumping is completed with appropriate technological equipment. The device of the sewer machine is as follows:

storage tank or container for temporary storage and transportation of fecal liquid;
driven vacuum pump;
suction hose;
pipeline system;
technological control crane;
reception hatch;
alarm device notifying about the operation of the fuse;
electrical equipment.

Barrel capacity

The technological volume of the barrel of a sewage truck is determined by the parameters of the vehicle. In domestic models, the tank tank can hold up to 12 m3 of liquid, in imported models - up to 16 m3. Special equipment is selected depending on the tasks.

There are such sizes of the sewer machine:

Small-sized models designed for private sewer septic tanks. The volume of the barrel in this case does not exceed 4 m3.
Capacious industrial-type vehicles with a reservoir volume of 10–12 m3 are used to clean wells from liquid fractions. They are more productive than their counterparts.
Ilosos are equipped with powerful equipment that allows pumping out dense waste: liquid with mud, silt, oil sludge or clay.

The latter, unlike standard sewage trucks, can have a water plunger pump, as well as a barrel of a smaller capacity for flushing water.

Modifications of sewers

Special equipment for pumping waste is diverse. Vacuum tanks with liquid waste can be placed on the chassis of GAZ, KAMAZ, MAZ, ZIL, URAL, GAZEL. Each brand differs in dimensions, characteristics, carrying capacity.

GAZ vehicles are used wherever there is a need to dispose of liquids with a large amount of organic and inorganic impurities. The equipment is easy to operate. It is equipped with a container with strong walls, where there is an additional chemical coating that protects against corrosion.

GAZ 3307 allows you to install containers of different sizes on the chassis. The sewer truck is equipped with a special safety mechanism. If the tank is full, the motor switches off automatically. The presence of a four-way process valve and a built-in vacuum pump on the neck simplifies the task of sewage disposal.

GAZ 3309 has similar characteristics to the GAZ 3307 series. The car is equipped with additional electrical equipment, including an automatic float valve and an alarm and safety device that is triggered when the tank is full.

GAZ 53 differs from previous models in a more capacious tank, which contains an additional compartment for clean water.

KAMAZ 65115 differs from other special purpose vehicles in the presence of an all-wheel drive chassis and special hoses of different diameters.

The technical equipment, as well as the volume of the sewage truck, allow it to be used in hard-to-reach places.

According to the rules of the road, vehicles are equipped with flashing beacons.

Model Specifications

Vacuum cleaners have different performance characteristics. The dimensions of the car depend on its performance. The most effective technique is the one that suits the user's task. The table shows the main parameters of standard machines:

Vacuum trucks based on Gas, Kamaz: volume, device, principle of operation

Model range of vacuum sewage trucks

Vacuum gas trucks that pump out household waste have a wide range of models. Let's look at the most famous models.

Gas-based sewage trucks, or as they are also called sewage barrels, are installations that accumulate and transport household waste. They are distinguished by the presence of protection against aggressive chemical influences both outside and inside, the strength of the walls and the ability to withstand various pressures.

The gas 3307 sewage truck is distinguished by the presence of an automatic shutdown of the motor in case the tank is full, the latest technological solutions in the pump device and a sleeve length of 6 meters. Unloading of household waste is realized due to air pressure or is carried out by gravity. This machine has a special safety mechanism.

The gas 3309 sewer truck has a vacuum system pipeline, a four-way valve, additional electrical equipment, side marker lights, a removable headlight, an orange flashing beacon, as well as side and rear protective devices. When the tank is completely filled with liquid, the alarm and safety device is activated, and the suction line of the pump is automatically closed by a float valve.

The cesspool truck gas 53 is distinguished by a more capacious tank and the presence of an additional clean water compartment.

The Kamaz sewage truck has an all-wheel drive KamAZ chassis, which distinguishes it from other vehicles. It is used for vacuum cleaning of septic tanks in hard-to-reach places for general use, the machine is equipped with special dispensing and stacking hoses.

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Technical characteristics of the gas tank GAZ 3309 Turbo Diesel

The GAZ 3309 Turbo Diesel universal specialized equipment is directly related to the process of vacuum cleaning at the site of a private individual's cesspools, developed technological septic tanks, as well as with the subsequent disposal of liquid waste at a special landfill for the waste of liquid household substances. The design of the sewer truck includes a sealed tank (reservoir) made of high-quality steel, which is not affected by corrosive materials of reinforced concrete waste; vacuum pump of the appropriate type; general signal, sound and visual safety device; technological receiving compartment (the so-called hatch) with a built-in corrugated hose, which is made of corrugated material; technological working crane with a pipeline part; additional hanging electrical equipment.

The principle of operation of sewage equipment

The filling of the technological tank is carried out using the existing built-in vacuum pump, which creates the principle of vacuum inside the sealed container, sucking in the existing liquid or its suspension.

Removal of solid waste on a sewage truck is carried out to a special landfill, emptying is carried out both by gravity and by force, using a vacuum pump-pump under working pressure.

The design of the pump implements a technology that allows you to create the effect of a discharge in the inside of the tank-reservoir, as well as forced working pressure inside the sealed tank installed on the chassis of the sewage truck.

The main advantages of using special equipment are:

At the required filling of the tank, an automatic signal is given with subsequent shutdown;
The vacuum part of the pump has a new innovative design task, in contrast to analog options on other sewage special equipment;
The length of the suction hose is at least 6.0 meters.

At the request of a client, both an individual and an enterprise, the GAZ 3309 sewer truck is used for a number of technical works, including:

Local intake with subsequent removal of toxic waste in the form of slag;
Technological cleaning of drainage wells;
Drying and cleaning of industrial pits from natural waste;
Cleaning of reservoirs, ponds, including those with silt natural or artificial deposits;
Cleaning of industrial tanks of various capacities;
Technological cleaning of production areas of settling tanks, including those with chemical reagents;
Cleaning and removal to landfills of dry closet waste;
Flushing and removal of solid waste at car service stations (car wash), etc.

On the website for renting special equipment in Russia, Ukraine and the CIS countries Ospeststehniki.ru you will find current offers for renting a sewage truck in any region of the CIS countries, as well as detailed technical characteristics of the equipment you have chosen.

The main technical parameters of the GAZ 3309 sewage truck

The GAZ 3309 vacuum truck has some similar characteristics with the GAZ 3307 series. The main technical parameters of the machine are presented in the table:

Basic parameterTechnical data

Base chassis - GAZ 3309	Model KO-503V-2
Motor power parameter	86 kW
Type of fuel	DT (diesel fuel)
Tank volume	3.75 m3
Permissible pit cleaning depth	Up to 4.0 meters
Maximum pump performance	240 m3/hour
The maximum allowable vacuum inside the tank	0.08 MPa
Average tank filling time	3-6 minutes
The total mass of special equipment	8100 kg
Equipment weight, excluding chassis	3980 kg
Permissible weight of the export of solid waste	4100 kg
Weight of included special equipment	950 kg
Dimensional data	Length-7000 mm; Width-2200 mm; Height-2600 mm

Updating of vacuum sewage special equipment

In recent years, the manufacturer has upgraded the vehicle, as a result of which the technical characteristics of the GAZ 3309 sewer have improved, which can be determined by the following positions:

A modernized version of the vacuum pump is installed on the vehicle, with built-in blades, which are made from an innovative textoplast nanomaterial, which makes it possible to increase the life of the blades and the pump as a whole by 3-5 times longer;
The lubrication system for the vacuum pump has been completely redesigned, due to the introduction of new production technologies Italy, CAMOZZI;
The electronic control complex was reconstructed due to the introduction of a new type of purchased sensor of the ROS301-24 series;
The design of the safety mode valve, which was used to limit the vacuum rarefaction, was updated, as well as the valves were modernized to limit the existing pressure parameters inside the tank;
The installation of new indicators for the level of containers has been made, allowing you to visually study the indication of filling data, without additional cleaning of the device due to contamination with liquid household waste.

The model line has a number of limitations compared to the GAZ 3307 analogue, so the latest model has a hose for deep fluid intake, which reaches a length of 6.0 meters versus 4.0 meters for the GAZ 3309. At the same time, the GAZ 3309 sewage special equipment has a built-in automatic valve , provided for the vacuum line of the intake, as well as a powerful sound signal that is triggered when the tank is completely filled.

Additional parameters of special equipment

The vacuum construction of the RW intake is driven by an integrated switchgear, which is directly connected to its mechanical transmission box. As a rule, not a pure liquid is used for suction, but most likely a household liquid suspension containing various impurities and substances, then the built-in vacuum pump creates such a vacuum that allows even complex liquid waste to be sucked in, for example, if you are pumping liquid from a polluted pond, then in in addition to the liquid, both mud and small fish in the form of crucian carp, bream, roach, etc. can get into the tank.

When a certain level of filling is reached, the vacuum pump is automatically extinguished, and the machine is sent under its own power to the landfill for the disposal of solid waste, where both the independent emptying of the tank and its forced version - under the pressure of the vacuum pump.

According to the requirements and rules of the traffic police in Russia and a number of CIS countries, sewage equipment belongs to the class of vehicles of increased danger. The car is painted in bright red or orange, and is also equipped with flashing beacons.

When renting sewage equipment, GAZ 3309, we recommend clarifying the technical parameters of the machine, as well as the intended purpose of the equipment for pumping liquid waste or other liquid suspension. In addition, it is recommended to specify the maximum volume of the tank, which is capable of transporting the possible volume of LRW at a time.

Publication date:

August 19, 2017

Cesspool machine: principle of operation, volume, dimensions

What special equipment makes human life cleaner and safer. The sewer truck is a unique type of special equipment that can be used in places where there is no centralized drainage system or there are restrictions on the removal of liquid or liquid waste (liquid household waste). All sewage, liquid forms of household and industrial waste in systems without a centralized sewerage system, at best, fall into ready-made cesspools, at worst, into the open environment of the natural environment. The accumulated sewage vapors adversely affect the environment, and only a sewage machine can effectively cope with the task of preserving the environment and at the same time cleaning it from sewage.

Hard road to success

For the first time, a sewage truck appeared in the post-Soviet space in the early 60s of the last century. It was during this period that the first calls with an unpleasant environmental situation arise. The principle of operation of the sewage machine was to effectively solve the issue of pumping out sewage and other liquid waste not only from cesspools, but also from other technological facilities, for example, cleaning a construction site, cleaning ponds, dried-up reservoirs, etc.

"Important! The equipment is equipped with special attached technological equipment, which has the characteristics of tightness, which means that it sufficiently ensures the primary disposal of sewage."

Modern options for completing vacuum cesspool trucks are equipped with improved models of pumping equipment, special signal safety devices, a storage type process tank, an autonomous pipeline complex and a corrugated hose. It should be noted that attachments are easily and without problems mounted on the chassis of many domestic-made vehicles, for example, KAMAZ, ZIL, and the most famous model, which was originally developed for the municipal sector, was the KO 53 sewer.

Types of sewage equipment

At the dawn of the development of sewage equipment, two model ranges of special equipment were implemented. The first group included machines that carried out suction in a collector way, that is, due to a collector engine. The second option of special equipment is a built-in vacuum pump, which was later recognized as technological and rational. In the municipal sector, the sanitary standards for the sewer truck were perfectly implemented on the implemented vacuum suction technology.

The vacuum pump, according to the general technological structure, creates a vacuum inside the working tank (completely hermetic installation), as a result of which the liquid waste is sucked up through a special receiving hose. Built-in special sensors automatically control and regulate the mode of filling inside the tank, and when a certain level of capacity is reached, the vacuum pump will automatically turn off.

The duration of the suction system depends on the total volume of the tank, according to the technical data of special equipment, the average duration of the complete filling of the tank is from 4 to 12 minutes. At the end of the suction process, the transport on its own follows to the disposal point for solid waste or solid waste, the tank is emptied, moreover, by gravity or using a pump.

In general, the types and types of special equipment of a sewage truck have the same scheme of work, but differ in:

The volume of filling of the tank;
General technological capacity capacity;
Dimensions and dimensions of the sewer machine;
Chassis brand on which attachments are installed.

The general structural structure of special equipment includes several elements:

Cylindrical tank, which is mounted at a slight angle of structural inclination, for easy draining by gravity;
Vacuum pump of a special principle of action;
Alarm sound and light safety equipment;
Compartment with a receiving hatch and built-in suction corrugated hose;
Technological crane for the operation of the pipeline system;
Auxiliary mounted and electrical equipment.

The principal part of the work of sewage equipment

Many are wondering how a sewage machine works, and what you need to know during the operation of special equipment. The online magazine "About special equipment", which is designed for information about the conditions for renting special equipment in Russia and the CIS countries, is ready to provide you with detailed technical descriptions for each group of vehicles used as specialized equipment on lease.

As mentioned above, the sewage machine is equipped with a reservoir or sealed container for the disposal of pumped out solid waste, a vacuum pump, a corrugated pipe for pumping liquid from septic tanks of any design, cesspools, drainage common wells, drain technological complexes provided for car wash stations, as well as for natural reservoirs , small ponds, etc. The general principle of operation is as follows:

One end of the working sleeve of the hose is connected to the tank of the machine, and the other end is lowered to the place where the liquid waste or other liquid suspension is pumped out;
With the help of a vacuum pump, liquid is sucked into the tank, and its complete filling is allowed. The alarm and safety device will automatically turn off the pump in the event of a full tank;
At the end of the work, the machine is self-propelled to a special disposal site, which meets the high sanitary regulatory requirements for environmental safety.

“The main characteristics of the sewer truck are presented in application for a specific vacuum pump model. Below is a table on the basis of which it is possible to determine the technical parameters of pumping equipment for a specific model of special equipment.

The technological valve for the sewage truck is allowed to operate under certain climatic environmental conditions, and the minimum ambient temperature must be at least -20 C, and the maximum ambient temperature +40 C. Exactly the same requirements for the operation of the machine in general, if it is involved vacuum pump.

The maximum distance that is intended for fluid intake ultimately depends on the length of the corrugated pipe, so the average size of such a pipe is from 6 to 15 linear meters. In some cases, with technological equipment, the sewage machine allows the use of a corrugated hose, which has a length of up to 25 linear meters. In very rare cases, when the volume of the sewage truck allows you to accommodate a significant amount of LRW, it is possible to lengthen the hose by another 5-10 meters, but the issue of lengthening depends primarily on the technical design of the vacuum pump. The extended hose size is used only if there is no other way for the vehicle to drive up to the place where the liquid suspension is taken.

In some cases, some models of special equipment have distinctive features from powerful sludge suction equipment, and many users are wondering how a sludge pump differs from a vacuum truck. In this case, the recommendations of specialists will help you, who will tell you about the fundamental difference between sludge pumping and sewage equipment.

Liquid waste tank capacity for vacuum truck

The structural technological volume of the tank of the sewage truck depends on the volume of the tank-reservoir installed on the chassis of the machine. For many consumers, an important question is, how many cubes are in a sewer truck? The answer to this question can be given by the exact parameters of each machine where tanks are installed for pumping liquid. The technological capacity for a sewage truck can accommodate from 3 m3 (for example, a model of the ERMZ PCF-9671-10 type), and up to 16 m3, for example, imported models Kobit FEKO-16ADR. domestic models, as a rule, contain from 3.75 m3 to 12 m3. The average load time of the LHW is 4-12 minutes.

The most popular and demanded models of sewage equipment -

Model range GAZ, ZIL: manufacturer 86 Mechanical plant-branch of Federal State Unitary Enterprise PZU MO RF (86MZ), Engels, Saratov region, RF.
Model KOBIT: manufacturer S.R.O. Chech republic
YTO Series: Manufacturer Group Co, People's Republic of China
Model category KO-503 and other series: Amurdormash OJSC, Blagoveshchensk, Amur Region, RF.
Model category KO-520: manufacturer Turbov Machine-Building Plant OAO ATEKO, Turbov, Ukraine.
GRAZ series: manufacturer Grabovsky Automobile Plant OAO (GrAZ), Grabovo, Russia
Model analogue Kyiv KO-503: manufacturer Kiev plant of municipal engineering KOMMASH OJSC (KOMMASH), Kyiv, Ukraine

Publication date:

September 11, 2017

Vacuum trucks GAZ-53, GAZ-3307, GAZ-3309: characteristics, device

Cesspool truck based on GAZ chassis

pumping out septic tanks of local sewage systems;
cleaning drain systems of car washes, storm sewers;
drainage of drainage and manholes, underground highways;
drainage of drilling holes, small reservoirs.

Device and principle of operation

The vacuum pump is driven by the engine of a special machine through a switchgear associated with its gearbox.

Photo of the GAZ-53 sewage truck

GAZ sewage trucks are made on the basis of the chassis of gas 53, 3307 and 3309 models. The basis of their design is an all-welded metal tank with a hermetically sealed neck at the top, to which the vacuum pump line is connected, and a suction pipe with a large diameter four-way valve at the bottom. It withstands high pressure, and a chemically resistant coating is applied on its surface from the inside, protecting the metal from corrosion and facilitating the maintenance of the tank. Outside, it is usually painted bright red or orange.

All sewage trucks, according to the rules of the road, are equipped with flashing beacons and painted in bright colors.

Specifications

Each sewage truck based on a GAZ vehicle has its own technical characteristics, but the main difference is in the volume of the barrel and the performance of the vacuum pump.

Technical characteristics of sewer trucks based on GAZ:

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Waste truck based on the GAZ car

The cesspool machine is designed to carry out work on the removal of various effluents, as well as cleaning cesspools. With the help of a sewage truck, a thorough removal of liquid masses is carried out. The technique is used not only in public utilities, but also in construction. At a construction site, vacuum trucks help to pump out water from load-bearing structures or clean a specific container, pit or technical recess. In public utilities, the combined machine KO-560 is in demand.

Development and production of sewage trucks

The sewage machine is developed taking into account modern needs. The equipment must provide the necessary power, and also be reliable enough to exclude the possibility of a breakdown in an unfavorable situation for repair. The most common base for a vacuum truck is a GAZ truck. This technique is developed and assembled at the Gorky Automobile Plant. Components for the production of the machine are supplied by in-house manufacturers.

The device of special equipment on the GAZ chassis

The standard sewer truck GAZ 53 includes several mounted units, with the help of which the working process is carried out. The base of a truck for a vacuum truck is no different from a conventional serial truck. Mounted systems are located in such a way that during the full filling of the tank the truck has good handling and stability on the road. On the vacuum truck, the driver's cab is installed in the front of the frame, and the cargo compartment, in particular the tank for collecting and transporting sewage, is in the rear. All pumps and purge equipment are mounted between the tank and the cab, as well as in the lower part of the vehicle. The design is similar to the KO-507AM sludge suction machine.

Features of the GAZ-53 sewage truck

The domestic vacuum sewer truck based on the GAZ-53 truck is the most common in its class. This car has a very simple design, as well as high reliability of the units and ease of operation. Despite its outdated design and technical component, the GAZ-53 vacuum truck is still popular in the domestic space. It is possible to single out the main features of sewers based on the GAZ-53:

simplicity and reliability of the design;
unpretentiousness in work;
low cost of parts;
car endurance;
cheap maintenance;
operation on any roads;

The GAZ-53 cargo chassis provides high vehicle performance on various road surfaces, regardless of its quality. It is worth noting the unpretentiousness of a 6-cylinder engine to the quality of gasoline. The motor is capable of running on low-octane AI-76, 80 and 92 fuel grades.

GAZ-3309 as a basis for a sewage truck

The GAZ-3309 universal sewer truck is an updated version and, compared to the outdated GAZ-53, is distinguished by its functionality and somewhat higher performance. Firstly, this design has a more powerful and economical diesel engine, and secondly, the machine is equipped with a larger tank and upgraded vacuum pumps that have a convenient control system and sewage disposal. The well-thought-out design makes the KO-505A vacuum machine more practical.

Specifications:

base chassis - GAZ-3309;
power unit power - 86 kW;
fuel type - Diesel;
tank volume - 3.75 m3;
depth of the cleaned pit - 4 m;
productivity - 240 m3 / hour;
maximum vacuum in the tank - 0.08 MPa;
tank filling time - 3-6 minutes;
gross weight - 8180 kg;
dimensions - 7000 mm x 2200 mm x 2600 mm.

Some factory modifications of the GAZ-3309 include off-road vehicles with all-wheel drive.

Other chassis options

A metal barrel for a sewage truck can be mounted on almost any type of truck chassis. The most common options are MAZ, KAMAZ and ZIL. Each brand has its own characteristics and load capacity. On some cars, it is possible to install two sewage tanks at once, which are able to work in pairs, respectively, the overall performance of the equipment increases sharply.

The main characteristics of the sewer machine

A modern vacuum pump for a cesspool truck (KO-503 brand and others) provides the best performance for these trucks. The pumps are powered by engine speed, so much depends on the power of the power unit itself. Diesel or gasoline engines with a capacity of 85 hp or more are mounted on GAZ vehicles. With. The performance of a standard pump varies from 240 m3/h, and the time for complete filling of the tank is about 3-7 minutes, depending on the consistency of the sucked substance and engine power.

Performance indicators

Despite the fact that the volume of a vacuum truck often varies from 3 to 7 cubic meters, the performance of domestic vacuum trucks is at a fairly high level and practically does not differ compared to foreign counterparts.

The tanker truck develops a speed of about 80 km/h with a loaded tank, and also has an automatic pressure unloading system that empties the tank in 2-4 minutes.

GAZ trucks are considered quite economical (consumption is about 15 liters per 100 km), therefore they are actively used in public utilities.

Scope of work performed

Regardless of how much a sewage truck costs, the equipment is used by public utilities to clean drain pits and other city communications where a high-pressure vacuum pump is needed. The machines are successfully used for pumping out sewage, water, mule from reservoirs, as well as for cleaning city roads from large puddles.

Waste truck management

Modern sewer machine technical characteristics, which comply with all norms and standards, are quite easy to operate. For control, one driver-operator is enough, who performs almost all manipulations from inside the driver's cab. All key working bodies are controlled on the instrument panel, so the employee does not need to participate in the unloading and loading of sewage. Additionally, the crew is equipped with a second person, a technician who manipulates the laying and laying out of hoses and other lines. The nominal length of the sewer hose can be up to 6 meters.

Additional features of the machine

Most owners note the fact that spare parts for GAZ sewage trucks can be purchased at almost any car shop. This fact greatly facilitates the operation and maintenance of these vacuum trucks.

The main advantages of GAZ-based vacuum trucks:

easy to repair;
no expensive maintenance is required;
low cost of spare parts;
absence of problem nodes;

Also, the advantages include the simplicity of structural components, as well as their easy dismantling. The only disadvantages of this machine is an outdated design and the lack of modern electronic systems.

Repair work

Domestic sewage truck price, which varies from 300 to 500 thousand rubles, does not require special equipment for repair work. To repair GAS, you need the most minimal set of tools, as well as a small set of knowledge. The main advantage of repairing such cars is that its design can be changed at the discretion of the owner without significant alterations.

Possible breakdowns

Frequent breakdowns of vacuum trucks are vacuum pumps and hoses (sleeves). Many owners simply do not know where to buy a hose for a sewage truck, so systems of foreign analogues with more reliable design characteristics are installed at GAZ. Many spare parts for modernization purposes are installed from other vehicles.

Availability of spare parts

There are quite a lot of spare parts for the GAZ vacuum truck. In the domestic space, you can purchase spare parts, both in the secondary market and new ones from the manufacturer. The cost of parts is relatively low, so these cars are inexpensive to maintain and repair. For example, the cost of a vacuum pump is about 40 - 60 thousand rubles, and foreign-made from 150 thousand.

The cost of the sewer machine

It is profitable to buy a sewage truck both in the secondary market and from an authorized dealer. Depending on the financial capabilities of the buyer, vacuum trucks may have additional attachments, as well as a modernized design. The cost of cars in the secondary market reaches 250,000 - 370,000 rubles, and the price of a new one varies from 900,000 rubles.

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Vacuum pump for a sewer machine: types, characteristics

A sewer machine is used to clean cesspools in an autonomous sewer system or remove blockages in centralized systems. This technique helps to keep communications in working condition and in accordance with sanitary and hygienic requirements. The main working element is the vacuum pump for the sewer machine. It operates on the principles of differential pressure. Through the properties of vacuum, he pumps out the contents of the sewer.

During the process, the pump does not interact with liquids, they pass through the hose. The system operates under heavy loads, so the sewer tank is made of durable, mechanically resistant materials. There are many varieties of pumps, mainly they differ in the ability to work with liquids of different degrees of contamination. But before starting pumping with any of the models, you must first prepare the medium, because the sudden creation of vacuum pressure can cause the device to malfunction. The sewage machine consists of the following modules:

tank for collecting and transporting sewage liquids;
Vacuum pump;
a device that controls the filling of the tank;
hose tap;
manhole and hose for receiving waste.

Scope of application of pumps

The sewer truck is a vehicle equipped with a sewer pumping unit, mainly based on domestic trucks. A tank is installed on the car, into which waste is pumped. Inside there is a vacuum pump for a GAZ, KAMAZ, ZIL or URAL sewage truck. Special equipment is used to solve the following tasks:

pumping waste from cesspools;
clearing blockages of sewer communications;
liquid pumping for access to the repair area of engineering systems;
flushing of pipelines for various purposes.

This special equipment is capable of operating in a wide temperature range: from -20 to +40 degrees C. The machines are used by housing and communal services and private enterprises providing specialized services. More often than other models, a vacuum pump is used for the GAZ 53, GAZ 3309 and GAZ 3307 sewer.

Types of vacuum pumps

Two classifications apply to devices. According to the device, vacuum pumps for a sewage truck are divided into the following types:

steam-oil pumps use oil in their work;
membrane models operate on the principle of compressed air energy;
water ring devices use water;
The rotary-lamellar type works with retractable blades.

The pump for the sewer truck GAZ, URAL and other models are also classified according to the parameters of the generated pressure:

booster pumps pump liquids at high speed, balancing the incoming and outgoing pressure, installed between the fore-vacuum and high-vacuum devices;
high-vacuum modifications operate at low pressure, they use steam-oil mixtures, such a vacuum pump for a sewage truck in the device has two connected superchargers;
forevacuum devices form the corresponding range with the help of mechanical superchargers;
low vacuum type is used for low pressure systems;
pre-vacuum pumps are designed for working situations in which it is necessary to reduce the pressure in the pumped medium to values that another vacuum pump can handle.

Specifications

In order for special equipment to perform tasks effectively, and for operators not to complain to management that the pump is not pumping well on a sewage truck, it is important to pay attention to the following technical parameters of the pump:

unit rotation frequency;
pumping speed;
dimensions;
starting pressure;
outlet pressure;
maximum values of vacuum pressure;
device compression ratio;
residual pressure values;
performance;

Operation features

before starting work, it is necessary to check the technical condition of the device;
lower the sleeve into the sewer system;
open the oil supply valve;
turn on the pump;
upon completion of pumping, do the same operations in reverse order.

“Always use good quality new oil in operation, otherwise the pump will malfunction.”

The vacuum pump must be kept clean as contamination is one of the common causes of breakdowns. Personnel must constantly monitor the oil level, with a minimum volume, the operation mode of the mechanism is violated. Most vacuum pumps can only run continuously for 1 hour before taking a break as recommended by the pump manufacturer. It is advisable to carry out regular maintenance of the pump, this will extend its service life while maintaining technical characteristics.

Popular modifications

Vacuum pumps for sewage works have been used since the 30s of the last century. Today's pumps are critically different from their predecessors, both in capabilities and performance. In the Russian Federation, three models are mainly used:

the vacuum pump KO 503 for the cesspool truck has been used since the 50s of the last century, it has been tested in operation and has proven itself perfectly. made in a cast-iron housing, the rotor moves to the right, is capable of pumping 250 m3 / h, the maximum pressure is 6 nPa;

model KO 505A is an improved version of the previous pump, with the same maximum pressure it is characterized by higher operating parameters, when working with it it is important to pay attention to work safety;
the KO 510 device is the most advanced modification, its rotor can rotate in both directions, that is, the pump can be installed on a car with any engine, the pump creates the same pressure, but the efficiency and productivity are much higher.

Conclusion

Vacuum pumps are used not only in public utilities, but also in situations where the interaction of the device with the pumped liquid is not desirable. Such processes are typical for chemical and metallurgical industries. But for any purpose, you should choose and operate the optimal model that can effectively perform tasks, in which case it will last a long time.

Publication date.

Assumes regular cleaning. If this procedure is not performed on time, then sanitary conditions will deteriorate at the site, or the cesspool will be overcrowded. And then it will be even more difficult to care for individual sewers. To pump out sewage quickly and efficiently, the called sewage truck, equipped with the appropriate equipment, will help you. The main element involved in the pumping process is a vacuum pump for pumping sewage. With it, the machine will clean your drain facility in just a matter of minutes.

The sewage vacuum pump is designed to work in conjunction with other equipment installed on the sewer truck. With its help, the contents are pumped into a special tank, in which it is taken to the place of disposal. The working principle of a vacuum pump is creating a vacuum in the working chamber in a short period of time. As soon as this rarefaction reaches the required value, the pumped out substance (sewage, sewage, steam) is sent to the storage tank. This type of pump is considered the most efficient in operation and safe for the environment.

What is a waste machine

Since we are considering pumps installed on sludge pumps, we will explain what a sewer machine is for pumping sewage. This is a set of wheeled equipment that pumps out sewage or sewage from tanks, septic tanks, settling tanks. After pumping out, the machine delivers the contents to the places of its disposal, where it unloads sewage.

A typical sewer machine consists of the following main elements:

storage tank. This is a steel cylindrical tank with a slight slope for easy unloading;
Vacuum pump;
safety signaling device. Its presence prevents the tank from overflowing and signals the operator;
intake hatch with suction hose;
pipeline control valve;
additional electrical equipment.

Vacuum sewer pumping machine works according to the following principle. All equipment is powered by a running engine. The suction hose is immersed in the container with the pumped out contents. The vacuum pump is switched on, creating a vacuum in the tank. The cistern is filled with sewage. After it is completely filled, a safety device is activated that turns off the engine. After arriving at the place of unloading, the tank is emptied by gravity or by air pressure in the pump.

Tip: When calling a sewage truck to your site, ensure that it can freely travel to the pumping point.

Types of vacuum pumps

a high vacuum pump will be useful when working with low pressures. As a rule, 2 pumps connected in series are used;
a low vacuum pump lowers the pressure of the pumped effluents. Also, the device creates pressure inherent in low vacuum;
The backing pump is used to obtain a high level of vacuum in the system. It provides the conditions for the pump to operate at a higher vacuum level. The pump saves energy;
the booster pump creates a medium vacuum in the system. It is usually installed between the foreline pump and its high-vacuum counterpart;
a pre-vacuum pump can be used to reduce the pressure of the contents from atmospheric level to a pressure that another vacuum pump would normally operate at.

Main characteristics of pumps

Parameters characterizing the operation of a particular model of a vacuum pump for pumping sewage:

pumping speed. This is the amount of content to be pumped out per unit of time. It is determined in the inlet section of the receiving pipeline;
maximum starting pressure. This parameter characterizes the maximum inlet pressure at which pumping will begin;
outlet pressure limit. This is an indication of the pressure at the outlet of the equipment when the pump will still be able to pump the substance at rated speed;
the performance of the device for pumping steam. In the process of pumping out liquid, the amount of vapors is considered in weight units;
maximum residual pressure. This is the theoretical value that the working pressure approaches under standard conditions;
steam pressure is maximum. This is the highest steam pressure at the pump inlet. This indicator is taken into account when pumping steam;
compression ratio of the pump. The indicator characterizes the ratio of the volume of gas compressed during its compression.

Features of operation of vacuum equipment

During the operation of vacuum equipment, it is necessary to observe certain conditions due to which the equipment will work properly for a long time:

For the correct operation of the device, it is necessary to flush its lubrication system with new oil. Used oil must not be used;
the pump must be kept clean. The presence of contaminants can impair its performance and even lead to damage to the device;
it is necessary to constantly monitor the oil consumption, preventing it from reaching the minimum level. The average oil consumption is about 90 g/h;
it is unacceptable to operate the pump without stopping for more than 1 hour;
to determine the direction of rotation, you need to pay attention to the pump housing, where the corresponding arrow is located. Right hand torsion pumps are purchased for installation on diesel vehicles. At the same time, pumps with left-hand rotation are installed on carburetor machines.

Popular models of vacuum pumps

KO-503

This is a vacuum pump that fully operates at temperatures of -20 + 40 degrees. Cast iron pump body. The cover is equipped with bearings that allow rotary rotation. The body has holes for lubrication. Grease comes from a nearby tank. This vacuum pump is installed on the GAZ 53 or GAZ 3309 sewage truck.

Pump parameters:

Efficiency - 0.8-0.9;
power - 6 kW;
pump performance - 240 cubic meters / h;
dimensions - 470 x 225 x 280 mm;
weight - 90 kg.

KO-505A

This vacuum pump for sewer truck is used on the basis of powerful vehicles such as ZIL, KAMAZ, URAL, MAZ. The pump is operated in the temperature range of -20 +40 degrees. The rotation of the rotor is carried out with the help of bearings installed in the cover. The rotor housing has built-in blades made of durable textolite. The pump housing is made of cast iron. The pump requires a continuous supply of oil to function properly. It is provided that the oil begins to flow into the mechanism automatically when the device is turned on.

Pump parameters:

Efficiency - 0.8-0.9;
power - 9 kW;
number of revolutions - 1150 per minute;
pump performance - 310 cubic meters / h;
rotary torsion - right and left are allowed;
dimensions - 520 x 290 x 300 mm;
weight - 110 kg.

KO-510

The pump of this type is intended for installation on MAZ, GAZ, URAL, ZIL, KAMAZ vehicles. The permissible temperature regime at which uninterrupted operation of the pump is ensured is -20 +40 degrees. Modification of the device with the designation KO-510 0216000-04 has right-hand torsion, and model KO-510 0216000-05 is a left-hand rotation pump.

Pump parameters: