So-called collective farm, as well as "military" bridges are traditionally placed on UAZ vehicles. What is the specificity of both?
What are "collective farm" bridges on UAZs?
The considered bridges are also referred to as "civilian". These designs ensure the transmission of torque through the differential and axle shaft directly to the wheel hubs. "Kolkhoz" bridges are characterized by:
- small weight;
- simplicity of design, low cost of repair and maintenance;
- the possibility of installing differentials with a self-locking function;
- low noise level;
- functionality that assumes a moderate dynamics of fuel consumption by the car.
According to motorists, UAZ with "collective farm" bridges provides a fairly high stability of the car on the road, and also copes well with braking. These bridges allow you to achieve good cross-country ability of the machine. A decent maximum speed of the car is maintained - about 100 km / h.
The alternative to "collective farm" bridges is most often "military". Let's consider their specifics.
What are "military" bridges on UAZs?
These mechanisms provide torque transmission using a special gearbox. Therefore, "military" bridges are often also referred to as gear bridges.
Their main advantages:
- functionality, which implies an increase in vehicle clearance by about 8 cm in comparison with "collective farm" bridges;
- higher torque when driving a car at low speeds off-road;
- uniform load distribution between the gearbox and the main pair, as a result of which the reliability of the bridge increases.
However, the main advantage of the "military" bridge is the ability to guarantee exceptionally high cross-country ability of the car. At the same time, this advantage is provided not only due to the clearance, but also due to a more efficient distribution of torque to the wheels.
A car with a "military" bridge goes uphill better. So, UAZ, on which the corresponding mechanism is installed, in principle, can overcome a slope with an inclination of about 50% without any problems. In turn, on a car with a "collective farm" bridge, it is better not to try to storm such obstacles.
The installation of a "military" bridge on the UAZ predetermines a slight increase in gasoline consumption by car - by about 1-1.5 liters per 100 km. In addition, there may be additional costs for machine maintenance. The maximum speed of the "iron horse" with the "military" bridge is slightly reduced - up to 90 km / h.
UAZ with a "military" bridge also somewhat reduces the stability of the car on the road and when braking. This is due to the increased running-in shoulder due to the presence of wheel gears in the design of the considered mechanism.
Comparison
The main difference between "collective-farm" bridges and "military" ones on UAZ vehicles is that the former do not have a gearbox in their design. On the second, the corresponding mechanism is installed. Hence the difference between the key characteristics of vehicles on which “collective farm” and “military” bridges are installed in the aspect:
- speed;
- stability on the road;
- patency;
- ability to climb uphill;
- clearance values;
- gasoline consumption.
Having determined the difference between "collective farm" and "military" bridges on UAZ vehicles, we will record the conclusions in a small table.
Table
| "Kolkhoz" bridges | "Military" bridges |
| Doesn't have a gearbox | Have a gearbox |
| Provide a car speed of about 100 km / h | Provide a car speed of about 90 km / h |
| Guarantee higher vehicle stability on the road | Give less stability to the vehicle |
| Provide good vehicle performance | Provides very high throughput |
| They do not always provide effective lifting of the car uphill | It is quite easy to ensure the lifting of the machine uphill with an inclination of about 50% |
| Do not significantly increase ground clearance | Increase the clearance by about 8 cm in comparison with the "collective farm" bridges |
| Assume a moderate dynamics of the consumption of gasoline by a car | Assume an increase in gasoline consumption by about 1-1.5 liters per 100 km |
After removing and disassembling the UAZ front military axle, all its parts must be cleaned of dirt and washed thoroughly in gasoline or kerosene. Then carry out troubleshooting and check the technical condition of the bridge. If such a need arose, then repair or replace parts and assemblies with new ones.
Cover and crankcase of the main gear of the front military bridge UAZ.
Cracks or breaks of any nature and location, breaks of the front spring cushion are not allowed on the cover and crankcase. And also, the diameter D1 is more than 72.05 mm, the diameter D2 is more than 80.00 mm, the diameter D3 is more than 60.6 mm, the diameter D4 is more than 89.985 mm. Weld cracks must be repaired by welding. Threads A, B and C are repaired by setting screws.
Carter of the main transmission of the front military bridge UAZ.
Steering knuckle ball joint assembly.
Cracks or breaks of the support are not allowed, wear of surface B to a depth of more than 0.2 mm, diameter D1 less than 59.95 mm. And also, a decrease in the protrusion of the washer plane above the surface A is less than 0.5 mm, a decrease in the size B to a value of less than 147.7 mm. If the holes in the bushings are worn out, replace the bushings with new ones. The pivot bushings must be pressed in with an interference of at least 0.015 mm.
Swivel pin. Locking pin for steering knuckle.
Cracks and breaks, chipping of the cemented layer are not allowed, diameter D1 is less than 42.01 mm, diameter D2 is less than 24.96 mm, dimension A is less than 19.8 mm. Thread B should be repaired by threading the repair size M10X1.25. The pin is 100% replaceable.
Cracks and breaks are not allowed. And also, the diameter D1 is more than 42.04 mm, the diameter D2 is more than 52.05 mm. The wear of the taper hole A is repaired by welding, followed by processing or setting the bushing. Breakage and crushing of threads B, C and D no more than two threads are eliminated by running, more than two threads: threads G - by cutting a thread of a repair size for a stepped pin, threads B and C - by setting screws.
Cracks, breaks and twisting of the fist are not allowed, diameter D1 is less than 29.98 mm, diameter D2 is less than 19.96 mm, wear of splines B in width up to size A, in which the side clearance measured in conjunction with a new gear is more than 0.25 mm.
External (short) knuckle of the hinge.
Breakage and crumpling of the thread B of no more than two threads is eliminated by running, more than two threads - by welding, followed by threading of a nominal size.
Cracks, breaks and twisting of the fist are not allowed, wear of splines in width up to size A, in which the side clearance, measured in conjunction with a new side gear, is more than 0.25 mm. Local wear or scratches on the surface under are eliminated by machining, while the diameter D1 must be at least 31.8 mm.
Internal (long) knuckle of the hinge.
Cracks and breaks are not allowed, diameters D1 and D2 are less than 44.94 mm. For diameter D4 greater than 32.44 mm, replace the bushing. The new bushing must be pressed flush with surface A. The runout tolerance of surface B relative to the axis of surface C is 0.1 mm.
Steering knuckle.
Local wear or marks on surface C must be removed by machining, diameter D3 must be at least 59.5 mm. If the diameter is less than 59.5 mm, replace the bushing. Press the new bushing in until it stops. The runout tolerance of surface C relative to the axis of the trunnion is 0.1 mm.
If the thrust washer is worn to a dimension K of less than 4.7 mm, replace the washer. Press the new washer in until it stops, the oil grooves must face outwards. Check the fit P of the bushing in the socket with light blows of the hammer; if the fit is loosened, replace the bushing. The tension in the mating must be at least 0.025 mm.
Cracks and chipping of the working surface of the teeth are not allowed, broken teeth at the edges are more than 4 mm, diameter D1 is less than 35.00 mm, diameter D2 is less than 29.96 mm, wear of the splines up to size B, in which the side clearance measured in conjunction with a new flange , more than 0.25 mm, spline twisting.
Main drive gear.
Clean up breaks of the tops of the teeth at the edge, not more than 4 mm long. Sharp edges at break points should be rounded off. Clean the stepped wear on the teeth to the level of the worn part of the tooth. Tooth surfaces must be clean and smooth. Thread B shall be repaired by surfacing followed by threading of nominal size.
Driven gear of the main gear of the front military bridge UAZ.
Cracks and breaks of teeth on each side of more than 4 mm, chipping on the working surface of the teeth are not allowed. Clean up breaks of the tops of the teeth at the edge with a length of not more than 4 mm. Round off sharp edges in places of breakage. To clean the stepped wear on the teeth to the level of the worn part, the surfaces of the teeth must be smooth and clean.
Half shaft gear.
Cracks and breaks of teeth on each side with a length of more than 3 mm, chipping on the working surface of the teeth, wear are not allowed, in which the side clearance, measured in conjunction with a new fist (half shaft), is more than 0.25 mm, diameter D1 is less than 39.87 mm .
Clean up breaks of the tops of the teeth at the edge with a length of not more than 3 mm. Round off sharp edges in places of breakage. Clean the stepped wear on the teeth to the level of the worn part. Seizures or risks on the bearing surface B should be eliminated by processing to the repair size A - 8.1 or 7.9 mm.
differential satellite.
Cracks and breaks, annular seizures or hole wear up to a diameter of more than 16.20 mm, chipping on the working surface of the teeth, scuffing and scratches on the spherical surface are not allowed.
Differential pinion box.
Cracks and breaks are not allowed, wear of journals for bearings up to a diameter of less than 50.0 mm, wear of holes for the journals of gears of semiaxes up to a diameter of more than 40.11 mm, wear of holes for the axis of satellites up to a diameter of more than 16.05 mm, deep scuffing of the end surface under support washer of the axle gear and spherical surfaces for satellites.
Seizures and annular wear up to 0.4 mm deep on the spherical surfaces under the satellites, on the end surface under the bearing washer of the axle shaft gear and on the cylindrical surface under the journals of the axle gear should be removed by cleaning. The left and right halves of the box are processed together at the factory, therefore, if one of the halves of the box is rejected, the other should also be rejected.
Axis of satellites of differential.
Cracks and breaks, risks on the surface under the satellites, wear of the surface under the satellites up to a diameter of less than 15.94 mm are not allowed.
Cracks and breaks, shaft twisting, diameter D1 less than 54.94 mm, diameter D2 less than 31.92 mm, wear of splines in thickness up to size B, in which the side clearance in engagement with the mating new clutch is more than 0.25 mm, are not allowed. Wear of threads C and D of no more than two threads is eliminated by running, more than two threads - by welding and surfacing, followed by threading of a nominal size.
The shaft of the driven gear of the front axle reducer.
The drive gear of the wheel reducer of the UAZ front military axle.
Cracks and breaks of the teeth of each side with a length of more than 4 mm, chipping on the working surface of the teeth, wear of the teeth in thickness to a size at which the side clearance in engagement with the mating new gear is more than 0.4 mm, wear of splines, at which the side clearance, measured in conjunction with a new fist, more than 0.25 mm. Clean up breaks of the tops of the teeth at the edge with a length of not more than 4 mm. Round off sharp edges in places of breakage. Clean the stepped wear on the teeth to the level of the worn part.
Cracks or breaks are not allowed, diameter D1 is more than 100.07 mm. Thread wear A no more than two threads is eliminated by running. More than two threads - by cutting a thread of a repair size for a stepped pin.
Cover of a crankcase of a wheel reducer.
Driven gear wheel reducer.
Cracks and breaks of teeth on each side with a length of more than 4 mm, chipping on the working surface of the teeth, wear of the teeth in thickness to a size at which the lateral clearance in engagement with the mating new gear is more than 0.4 mm are not allowed. Clean up the breakage of the tops of the teeth at the edge with a length of not more than 4 mm. Round off sharp edges in places of breakage. Clean the stepped wear on the teeth to the level of the worn part of the teeth.
Thread wear of no more than two threads should be eliminated by running. More than two threads - drilling new holes in the gaps between the old ones and cutting threads of nominal size.
Cracks and breaks are not allowed, except for breaks of the drum shoulder at a distance of not more than 5 mm from the edge, diameters D1 and D2 are more than 85.00 mm. In the presence of these defects, replace the hub or drum with subsequent boring of surface A. To process the surface after pressing the outer rings of the hub bearings. The runout tolerance of surface B relative to the axis of the hub is 0.1 mm.
Wheel hub with brake drum.
Check the fit of the hub bolts with light blows of a hammer. If there is any loosening, remove the bolt and restore the fit by installing a repair bolt or bushing. The bolts must be pressed in with an interference of at least 0.3 mm. The bushing must be pressed in and locked.
Crushing or stripping of the thread of no more than two threads is eliminated by running. Crushing or stripping of the thread for more than two threads is eliminated: threads B and G - by replacing the bolts and studs, thread K and threads for the puller bolts - by cutting the thread of the repair size. Seizures or wear on the working surface A of the drum should be eliminated by boring to the repair size (table above).
UAZ is a fairly common and well-known car that has an increased level of cross-country ability. Such a car can often be found among Soviet motorists. This is due to the fact that for the first time the unit was created at the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant. It has advanced technical features. Naturally, the primary equipment of such a unit did not differ much from the modern modification. However, manufacturers do not stop there and develop this type of vehicle, which allows you to achieve incredible results.
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The history of the creation of the car
According to statistical, analytical data, approximately 50% of domestic motorists own such a vehicle. For many of them, the question repeatedly arises: how do UAZ military bridges differ from civilian ones? To cover this vast topic, it is necessary not only to study historical information, positive and negative sides, but also to understand the non-standard nuances and differences of such components.
The legendary and widely known 469 UAZ was created on the basis of the GAZ 69 by order of the Ministry of Defense during the outbreak of primary hostilities. At that stage in the development of this unit, tasks were set related to the creation of an off-road vehicle of a new direction, which would have a military purpose and possess several qualities:
- light weight;
- increased permeability;
- dynamism;
- simple maintenance;
- increased level of operational characteristics;
- low cost.
A few years later, UAZ was released, which today is widely used in agriculture and is distinguished by an increased level of cross-country ability and endurance. In connection with the creation of almost two types of vehicles, the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant decided to create two types of bridges for the unit, which would have military and civilian purposes. Historically, specialized bridges for these units were popularly known as:
- "collective farm" - these are those that were used for civilian vehicles;
- portal and gear - were referred to as specialized bridges for military vehicles.
The difference between bridges
First of all, each user of this unit must understand that specialized military axles have a specialized final drive, which is located between the axle shaft and the hub in an additional crankcase.
Advantages of military bridges:
- stock clearance, which is 8 cm more in the standard;
- uniform load distribution between the main pair and the gearbox, which increases the vehicle's cross-country ability and ensures its reliability;
- according to the size of the teeth of the main pair. Exceed the standard several times;
- increased torque at low engine speeds;
- the unit does not lose patency when taking additional weight;
- not too sensitive to oils that are poured into the gearbox;
- resistant to temperature changes;
Such advantages at military bridges have a positive effect on the vehicle.
If UAZ owners install military bridges on a civilian vehicle, then some negative situations arise, namely:
- complex installation of components;
- rapid adjustment of the pivots;
- excessive noise during the movement of the vehicle;
- it is important to correctly select the oil;
- perform maintenance in a timely manner.
These are the most common problems. Thus, before installing portal bridges on a "collective farm" vehicle, you must first think about how to avoid negative situations.
Advantages of civil bridges:
- moderate weight;
- reduced fuel consumption;
- affordable repair in relation to the price category;
- lack of excessive noise;
- comfort;
- reduced oil consumption.
Naturally, many modern car owners who prefer foreign cars claim that this specific vehicle is not suitable for driving in an urban environment. However, if it is necessary to drive near mountains, fields or in other non-standard conditions, then it is almost impossible to find the best vehicle of domestic production in terms of cross-country ability.
To change or not to change?
Experienced specialists of service centers do not recommend the owners of "collective farm" UAZs to use military bridges. There is no need to increase the expenditure of money on the elimination of various malfunctions that may be caused by these changes in the system. In other words, we can say that specialized military bridges differ from civilian ones in that they increase the cross-country ability and stability of the vehicle in various conditions. Therefore, if the owner of this vehicle needs to improve the performance of the car, then it is extremely necessary to replace civilian bridges with military ones.
UAZ is an SUV, which is an ideal vehicle for traveling in the countryside, as well as in the autumn-spring period. This is due to the fact that the unit has all-wheel drive. The car is widely used by hunters, fishermen and tourists. In the event of various malfunctions in the relationship of this vehicle, it is recommended that experienced professionals contact the service station, where a comprehensive technical inspection of the car will be carried out and various malfunctions will be eliminated.
Overview of the UAZ military bridge
Military bridges are called "U-shaped" (the bridge is like a crossbar of the letter, wheels are attached to the right and left of the letter). The torque does not fall entirely on the main pair (as on civilian bridges), but is distributed between the main pair and gearboxes. (see continuation)
Differences between military bridges and civilian ones.
The military bridge differs from the usual one by the presence of final drives. Due to the presence of gearboxes, the bridge is raised relative to the wheel axis by 4 cm, which increases the vehicle's clearance (distance from the ground to the bottom of the bridge). The main pair is smaller in size (the crankcase of the military bridge "hangs" 4 cm less than the civilian one). The main pair has fewer teeth, and they are larger - this increases the reliability of military bridges compared to civilian ones. The gear ratio of military bridges is 5.38 (= 2.77 * 1.94 - gear ratios of the main and final drives, respectively) - more "high-torque", but less "high-speed" than conventional bridges.
The rear driveshaft for military axles is 1 cm shorter than for civilian ones!
Advantages of military bridges over civilian ones:
Ground clearance 30 cm (against 22 cm for civilian bridges); according to the latest measurements, a difference of 8 cm is observed only when Y-192 rubber is used on military bridges. With identical wheels the difference is only 6 cm.
- more "torque" (torque) - for transporting heavy loads, towing, driving at low speeds in the mud;
- more reliable due to the larger size of the teeth of the main pair;
- more reliable due to the uniform distribution of the load between the main and final drives;
- were developed, among other things, for "escorting a tank column" and approved by the USSR Ministry of Defense.
The military has a limited slip differential. Those. if you get stuck in the mud with one wheel of the bridge or you stand on ice with one half and you have one half slipping and the other not (this is how a conventional differential works). To prevent this from happening, military bridges were invented. So off-road military bridges are much better.
Gear ratio GP (total: GP 2.77 + final drives 1.94): 5.38
Ground clearance: 300 mm (with tires Ya-192 215/90 R15 (31 x 8.5 R15)
Track: 1453 mm
Many variants of bridges were installed on UAZ cars of different models and at different times at the plant. Let's try to figure this out...
Bridge UAZ Timken (civilian or collective farm)
This is a split type bridge, that is, a bridge consisting of two halves. This type can also be attributed (it is also geared or portal). From the factory, civil bridges are installed on UAZ cars of the cargo range (loaf, onboard,), as well as on cars of the UAZ-3151 (469) passenger car series.
Gear ratios of UAZ military bridges
The gear ratio of military bridges is 5.38 (= 2.77 * 1.94 - the gear ratios of the main and final drives, respectively) - more high-torque, but less speedy than conventional bridges.
Characteristics of the military bridge
- Ground clearance: 300 mm (with tires Ya-192 215/90 R15 (31 x 8.5 R15)
- Track: 1445 mm
- Track gear axles UAZ Bars: 1600 mm
- Weight of UAZ military front axle: 140 kg
- UAZ military rear axle weight: 122 kg
Scheme of the gear (military) bridge UAZ
Rear axle UAZ with final drive:
1 – a cover of a crankcase of the main transfer; 2 - differential bearing; 3,13,49 - shims; 4 - sealing gasket; 5.7 - bearings of the drive gear; 6.15 - adjusting rings; 8.42 - cuffs; 9 - flange;
10 - nut; 11 - mud deflector; 12 - ring; 14 - spacer sleeve;
16 - main gear drive; 17 - satellite; 18 - right axle shaft; 19 – final drive housing; 20.29 - oil deflectors; 21 - axle bearing; 22,26,40 - retaining rings; 23 - sealing gasket of the final drive housing; 24 – final drive housing cover; 25 - bearing; 27 - brake shield; 28 - brake drum; 30 – a bolt of fastening of a wheel; 31 - trunnion; 32 - hub bearing; 33.41 - gaskets; 34 - lock washer; 35 - leading flange; 36 – a nut of bearings of a nave; 37 - lock washer; 38 - sleeve; 39 - driven shaft final drive; 43 - driven shaft bearing; 44 - driven gear final drive; 45 - special nut; 46.50 - drain plugs;
47 - final drive gear; 48 - right cup of the box of satellites; 51 - main gear housing; 52 – half shaft gear washer;
53 - half shaft gear; 54 - the axis of the satellites; 55 - driven gear of the main gear; 56 - left cup of the satellite box; 57 - left half shaft
UAZ front axle steering knuckle with final drive:
a - signal groove;
I - right rotary fist; II - left rotary fist; III - wheel disconnect clutch (option see Fig. 180, IV); 1 - stuffing box; 2 - ball bearing; 3 – the hinge of a rotary fist; 4 - gasket; 5 - press grease fitting; 6 - kingpin; 7 - overlay; 8 - body of the steering knuckle; 9 - kingpin bushing; 10 - bearing; 11 - driven shaft of the final drive; 12 - hub; 13 - leading flange; 14 - clutch; 15 – lock ball; 16 - protective cap; 17 - coupling bolt; 18 - trunnion; 19 - lock nut;
20.23 - support washers; 21 - final drive gear; 22 - locking pin; 24 - rubber sealing ring; 25 - thrust washer; 26 - axle housing; 27 – a bolt of restriction of turn; 28 - emphasis-limiter of rotation of the wheel; 29 - steering knuckle lever
Construction of a military bridge (photo)
Video replacement and adjustment of the main pair on the UAZ military bridge
Bridges Spicer UAZ Patriot and Hunter
Spicer is not a split, one-piece bridge.
In the early 90s, for the new UAZ-3160 car, the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant developed Spicer-type drive axles with a one-piece crankcase.
The absence of a connector in the transverse plane of the bridge gives the structure high rigidity, the unloaded connection between the cover and the crankcase reduces the likelihood of leakage at the joint, and the placement of the main gear and differential in a single crankcase provides high engagement accuracy and more favorable conditions for the operation of the bearings.
- Width of bridges spicer for UAZ Patriot — 1600 mm
- Width of bridges Spicer for UAZ Hunter - 1445 mm
axle differential spicer
