Motorcycles, snowmobiles, chainsaws and other vehicles are equipped with two-stroke engines that require special engine oils. All about engine oils for two-stroke engines, their features and differences from oils for four-stroke engines, as well as their selection and use - read the article.
What is two-stroke engine oil
Engine oil for two-stroke engines (two-strokeoil, two-cycleoil, 2T oil) is a specialized oil designed for the lubrication of gasoline two-stroke internal combustion engines that do not have a separate lubrication system.
Oil performs several main functions:
- Lubrication of moving parts;
- Protection of details, knots and units from corrosion;
- Extending the life of engine components;
- To a lesser extent - assistance in engine cooling by improving heat transfer between the internal parts of the engine and its body parts (primarily with a cooling jacket).
As you can see, engine oils for two-stroke engines solve the same range of problems as lubricants for four-stroke units. However, 2-stroke and 4-stroke engines have significant design differences, so the oils for them are not the same. Let's talk about this in more detail.
The difference between oils for two-stroke engines and oils for four-stroke engines
A two-stroke engine is a simple, reliable and efficient power unit, which today is very widespread in low-power vehicles. Engines from 50 to 500 cc cm are installed on scooters and motorcycles, snowmobiles, chainsaws, lawn mowers, motor boats, various generator sets, etc.
Most two-stroke engines, in order to simplify the design, do not have a separate lubrication system, but the rubbing parts in them must be lubricated. This problem is solved by adding oil directly to gasoline, which enters the over-piston (into the cylinder) and under-piston space through the carburetor - a gasoline-oil mist is formed here (or rather, a fuel-oil-air combustible mixture), which lubricates all rubbing parts. In the cylinder, this mixture burns out, and the resulting gases are released into the atmosphere through the purge window. Thus, a two-stroke engine consumes not only gasoline, but also oil.
Adding oil to gasoline can be done in two different ways:
- Directly into the fuel tank in a certain proportion to gasoline - a mixture of oil and gasoline enters the carburetor, where it mixes with air and forms a combustible mixture;
- In the fuel-air mixture at the outlet of the carburetor - in this case, a separate oil tank is provided, from which oil is supplied to the outlet of the carburetor by means of a metering pump, where it is mixed with the finished combustible mixture.
In any case, two-stroke engine oil has a number of features that distinguish this lubricant from oils for 4-stroke engines:
- Good solubility in gasoline;
- Low ash content;
- Increased ability to form a protective film;
- Stability of characteristics at high temperatures.
All these characteristics are due to the characteristics of the operation of the oil. Firstly, the oil must be evenly mixed with gasoline, otherwise large oil droplets will form, which will not be able to provide uniform lubrication of rubbing parts. Secondly, the oil should burn as completely as possible in the cylinder, forming a minimum amount of smoke - this is ensured by a reduced ash content. Finally, the oil must effectively lubricate the rubbing parts, passing through the engine and at the same time being exposed to high temperatures (up to 300 ° C) - that is why it must quickly form a film on the parts and retain its characteristics when heated.
These requirements determine the composition and characteristics of oils.
Types, composition and features of oils for 2-stroke engines
All oils for two-stroke engines have basically the same composition:
- Base - a base oil derived from petroleum or petroleum products;
- Additives - complexes of various components to give the oil the required characteristics.
Engine oil with dispenser
Mineral and synthetic base oils can be used as a base, the former are obtained by distillation of oil, and the latter by organic synthesis and other technologies for processing petroleum products and gases. The additive package includes solvents (to improve the ability to mix with gasoline), corrosion inhibitors, viscosity regulators, cleaning (detergent), antioxidant and other components. At the same time, both base oil and additives are selected in such a way that all of them do not reduce fuel quality and burn out with the formation of a minimum amount of solid soot particles.
Various national and international standards are used to regulate the quality and characteristics of engine oils. Currently, there are four main standards developed by the American Petroleum Institute (API), the Japanese Engine Oil Standards Implementation Panel (JASO), the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the National US Shipbuilders Association (National Marine Manufacturers Association, NMMA).
Most of these standards establish the ash content of lubricants, their degree of solubility in gasoline, operating temperature ranges, cleaning effect and other qualities. Also, according to the standards, oil coloring in blue or another color is provided for confident identification of these materials and visual determination of their degree of dissolution in gasoline.
In Russia, there is no single standard for lubricants for two-stroke power units; domestic manufacturers use their own specifications, which are often based on the above standards.
It should be noted that many manufacturers of equipment (especially chainsaws, lawn mowers, lawn mowers, etc.) offer their own branded oils for two-stroke engines with different markings - HP, HD, XP, etc. However, all these materials in any case meet one or more of the above standards. Also, the “2T” marking is found on the oil packages, which means only the purpose of this lubricant for two-stroke engines.
How to choose and use 2-stroke engine oil correctly
The use of motor oils for two-stroke power units has its own characteristics. First of all, for motors of various types, only lubricants recommended by standards can be used. For example, for motorcycle and snowmobile engines, APITC, JACO, or ISO specification oils, and for outboard motors, TC-W3 oils. And you should refuse to use oils for four-stroke engines - they have a high ash content, therefore, they lead to intensive formation of deposits on the piston, coking of rings and other negative consequences.
Add oil to gasoline only in accordance with the instructions for the unit and lubricant. If oil is to be added to the gas tank, it is recommended to prepare the mixture in a separate canister in the following order:
- Pour half of the required amount of fuel;
- Add the required amount of oil;
- Top up the rest of the fuel;
- Thoroughly mix the mixture, pour it into the gas tank.
If a scooter, motorcycle or snowmobile has a separate oil tank, then the lubricant is simply added to it.
It is critically important to observe the proportions of oil and gasoline when mixing them. Depending on the instructions of the manufacturer of the equipment, the ratio of oil and gasoline can vary from 1:20 to 1:50. For exact proportions, it is recommended to use measuring cups or purchase oil in cans with a built-in measuring container.
With proper selection of oil and its proper mixing with gasoline, the engine of a motorcycle, snowmobile, boat, chainsaw or generator will work reliably and efficiently in all modes.
Oil for 2-stroke engines has many significant differences from similar lubricants intended for pouring into four-stroke engines. Therefore, before purchasing a working fluid, you need to learn more about its technical and operational characteristics.
High-quality two-stroke engine oil is used for various vehicles, working tools and special equipment - these can be small vans, lawn mowers, chain saws, motor boats, snowmobiles, motorcycles and others. The main parameters of power plants for which such a lubricant is suitable are: low price, low weight and high power density.
An important point to remember is that motor oils in two-stroke engines do not circulate (as they do in four-stroke power units). Therefore, they must be injected directly into the fuel. Most of the working fluid will burn with the fuel mixture, approximately 25% of the oil for 2-stroke engines will be emitted as unburned oil mist with the exhaust gases.
If we are talking about a simple motor that can be found on older models, then mixing must be done in a special way. In a ratio of 1:100 to 1:20, a certain amount of oil for a two-stroke engine must be manually added to the fuel tank.
If we talk about modern power units, they are already equipped with a special system that performs dosing automatically. The oil supply for a 2-stroke engine is carried out here according to the load on the engine. The use of such systems allows you to vary the ratio of fuel and oil for a two-stroke engine from 1:400 to 1:50.
Quality indicators of motor oils for 2-stroke engines.
The quality of the oil for a two-stroke engine has a strong impact on the life and reliability of the power plant. Working fluids have various parameters, which you should definitely study before buying.
But is it really that important, and isn't it better to just buy the lowest priced two-stroke engine oil? Let's consider a small example.
Aircraft engines are operated at high temperatures and under the most difficult conditions. In addition, aircraft engines have to regularly undergo significant temperature changes. On the other hand, outboard motors operate at consistently low temperatures, there are no drops at all. Due to the fact that the two-stroke units themselves are different, and are operated under completely different conditions, it would be wrong to fill them with the same lubricant. In the first case, we can recommend oil for 2-stroke air-cooled engines. Whereas in the second air cooling is useless.
Buying the right oil for 2-stroke engines is not an easy process. The main indicator of product quality is the level of combustion of lubricant in the cylinder. A high-quality liquid will provide the power plant with reliable protection and will not allow the unit to be polluted with tar, soot and smoke. Harmful substances will be released, but in smaller quantities. use a good oil and you will be able to reduce normal engine wear and keep your exhaust clean. Professionals do not recommend the use of additives with a metal base just for this reason. Such lubricants, when burned, form highly abrasive ash derivatives. In the case of water or air cooled outboard motors, ashless oils can be used.
Before you buy one or another oil for a two-stroke engine, you must be sure that the product has the following qualities:
- High anti-wear and lubricity performance;
- The presence of a cleansing function, detergent and dispersant properties;
- The ability to prevent the formation of deposits in the exhaust mechanism;
- The level of smoke is minimal;
- The ability to keep spark plugs clean and prevent their pre-ignition;
- High rates of fluidity;
- The ability to provide the power unit with protection against corrosive processes;
- Possibility of fast and uniform mixing with fuel even at low air temperatures.
For oils of this group, excellent lubricity and corrosion resistance are very important (especially if the product is needed for floating vehicles operating in salt water). Another key parameter is durability. Even with prolonged downtime of the motor, the lubricant must resist corrosive processes. As a rule, in high-quality oils for 2-stroke engines, all the necessary additives are already included in the composition.
Mistake when choosing oil - possible consequences
Many are interested in the question of what will happen if a working fluid is poured into a two-stroke power plant, which is of poor quality or does not correspond to the very type of motor (intended, for example, for four-stroke units)? Sad result:
- Serious wear of CPG elements;
- Coking of piston rings;
- Large deposits in the cylinders.
The result of deposition of ash particles on the tips of candles can be glow ignition. That is, flashes in cylinders can occur randomly, from hot ash particles, and not from an ignition spark. Before buying oil for a 2-stroke engine, read the composition of the product. In some quality fluids, 85-98% of the total mixture composition is the base lubricant. The rest is various additives that give high technical and operational characteristics.
In addition, high quality oils in this group may contain many different synthetic esters. Especially if we are talking about biodegradable lubricants designed to be poured into marine outboard engines.
Assortment and marking
Two-stroke oils intended for pouring into the engines of motorcycles and ground vehicles have their own marking:
- JASO FC - smokeless liquids for power units of cars and other devices;
- JASO FB and JASO FA - motor oils for motorcycles and other equipment.
IMPORTANT! If you see the letters JASO MB and JASO MA on the oil packaging, then know that these products must be used in 4-stroke motorcycle engines! Their friction coefficients are low and high, respectively.
Ashless oils designed for 2-stroke outboard motors with any type of cooling are also marked:
- TSC-4 - products for water-cooled outboard engines.
- TSC-3 oils are for engines that require the highest quality lubrication. Such motors can be installed not only on boats, but also on snowmobiles, motorcycles. The volume of power units is 50-200 cm3.
- TSC-2 - products designed for high-speed power plants (volume 50-200 cm3). The engines are cooled by air, the units have to work at high loads in the design of chainsaws, motorcycles, scooters, etc.
- TSC-1 - working fluids for filling in small engines (volume 50 cm3 maximum). These two-stroke motors have an air-cooled system and are typically found in power generators, mowers and mopeds.
Most boat engines are water cooled. Therefore, the most stringent environmental requirements are imposed on oils for pouring into them. Especially with regard to smoke generation and biodegradability.
If you do not know which two-stroke engine oil to choose, you can call us by phone or use the contact form on the website.
Two-stroke engines, despite their imperfection relative to four-stroke designs, are still widely used on many newly manufactured devices.
Legendary Java with 638 two-stroke engine
- Basically, motors of this type are used for:
- motorcycles of small cubic capacity, snowmobiles, mopeds;
- lawn mowers, walk-behind tractors, portable generators, chainsaws;
- motor boats;
- other devices that require small size with high power.
The device of this engine imposes some features on operation. In particular, the usual lubrication system on most designs of two-stroke internal combustion engines is missing.
There are modifications where the lubricant is fed directly into the flow of the fuel-air mixture from a special device in the form of an oil mist. However, the vast majority of oil for modern 2-stroke engines enters the cylinders along with the fuel.
The principle of operation of a two-stroke engine
Two-stroke engines work a little differently. In these motors, as well as in four-stroke ones, there is a crankshaft, a connecting rod and a piston that goes inside the cylinder. Then the differences begin. Let's consider them step by step.
principle of operation of a two-stroke engine
The first and most important difference is the gas distribution system. There are no familiar camshafts, valves and block head as such. This function is performed by the so-called windows (outlet, inlet and purge) and the chamber in the crankcase.
There is no oil in the crankcase. Absolutely not. Two-stroke engine oil is in a separate tank or mixed with fuel. There is oil only in the gearbox, which is often combined with a two-stroke engine.
Instead, a sealed chamber is made in the crankcase. When the piston goes up, a vacuum is created in this chamber. The fuel-air mixture is sucked into this cavity through the inlet window from the power system.
Two-stroke engine piston with long smooth skirt
Windows are made on the walls of the cylinder: exhaust and purge. They are closed by the body of the piston. When the piston, after combustion of the mixture under pressure, goes down, shortly before bottom dead center, it opens the exhaust port. The exhaust gases are partially released, and the pressure in the chamber is normalized. A purge window is located just below.
The piston, moving down the cylinder, creates pressure in the crankcase chamber, where the previously drawn in cycle fuel-air mixture is already located. And when it reaches the purge window, the mixture, under the influence of pressure, squeezes out the remaining exhaust gases from the cylinder and fills the combustion chamber.
The piston goes up and closes both windows. At top dead center, the spark plug ignites the air-fuel mixture. The cycle starts anew.
Another significant difference is the absence of oil scraper rings (only compression rings) and needle bearings instead of bushings in the connections of the connecting rod with the crankshaft and piston. Also, there is often no liquid cooling system. The motor is cooled by the passing air flow.
Another visual diagram of the operation of a two-stroke engine
Advantages of two-stroke engines include:
- Good power density ratio (relatively high power per unit mass).
- Ease of manufacture.
- Unpretentiousness in service.
Significant shortcomings include:
- Relatively small resource and low reliability.
- Relatively low efficiency.
- High probability of overheating (for air-cooled two-stroke internal combustion engines).
Oil for air-cooled two-stroke engines is added to the fuel. This feature imposes some restrictions on its properties. But we'll talk about this later.
Engine operation without oil
In any mechanism where the friction of metal surfaces under load is implemented, there must be lubrication. Two-stroke engines are no exception. In this case, the question arises of how to deliver the necessary portion of the lubricant to the working surfaces.
The most common design provides for the lubrication of CPG parts with oil diluted in gasoline. Lubricant, having got into the combustion chamber in the form of fog along with the fuel-air mixture, partially settles on the walls of the cylinder.
The operation of the piston without oil leaves deep seizures on its surface.
The piston, when moving in rings, picks up this lubricant and carries it into the gap between it and the cylinder. This provides lubrication.
The needle bearing is filled with grease immediately during assembly, and it is designed for the entire service life. There is also such a hypothesis that it is also lubricated due to the fuel-air mixture. In part, yes, it is. But it is impossible to talk about lubrication due to only oil mist.
All this determines some features of operation. For example, you should always carry some minimum supply of two-stroke oil with you in case of an unexpected refueling. If oil is not poured into gasoline, then the engine will still work for some time.
After that comes the following:
- the pistons, rings and cylinder mirror will begin to wear like an avalanche;
- due to friction, intensive heating will begin;
- as a result, the rings and the surface of the cylinders will collapse, or the piston will jam.
Requirements for two-stroke oils
The requirements for oils for 2-stroke engines are slightly different from those for their four-stroke counterparts. It makes sense to mention a few key parameters.
Almost all modern two-stroke engine oils today are branded TC-W3. This universal grease is suitable for almost all known motors. In general, there are several classifiers. Let's look at some briefly.
API classification
There are 4 types of oils known here: TA, TB, TC and TD. Now three of them are in the past, and you can find oil with a label other than TC only stale, from some inactive warehouse. More information about the scope of the other three classes is a lot of information in the public domain. But it is unlikely to be needed, except perhaps for general development.
JASO classification
There are also 4 categories: FA, FB, FC and FD. The further the second letter of the Latin alphabet from its beginning, the better the oil. There are transcripts of the compositions on the Internet, it makes no sense to consider them in detail within the limits of this article.
ISO classification
This classifier is linked to JASO. Only here the last three classes are taken into account (the first one is obsolete) and this oil was additionally tested in real working conditions.
Dirty and worn chainsaw piston due to improperly selected oil
For the ISO-L-EGB and ISO-L-EGC classes, the requirements of the FB and FC described for JASO, respectively, are retained, plus an additional check of the cleanliness of the pistons after its use.
If the pistons have the required surface finish, then the oil confirms its high class, and one of these markings is assigned to it. In the highest class, ISO-L-EGD, based on JASO FD, the washing effect is evaluated in addition to the pistons.
Rules for the preparation of the fuel mixture
The rules for preparing a mixture of gasoline and oil are individual for each individual case. Some vehicle manufacturers allow the oil for their 2-stroke engines to be poured directly into the tank immediately after refueling with gasoline. This applies to motorcycles, mopeds, motor boats and, in general, to all large vehicles.
Preparation of the mixture, dilution of two-stroke oil
If we consider chainsaws, trimmers and other manual gasoline tools, then here it is recommended to prepare a mixture of fuel and oil in advance in a separate container. An important point is the selection of a suitable canister or bottle.
The car of this material personally witnessed how a mixture of gasoline and oil corroded the sealing liner on the cork of a plastic bottle, and the bottle began to leak while in the mower's shoulder bag.
A small spark or, for example, a match after lighting up - and a person could burn alive. An important point in the process of preparing the mixture is the observance of the proportion. We will discuss this separately below.
Proportions and mixing
If for more technological versions of two-stroke engines, oil is dosed from a separate tank, depending on the engine operating mode, then in the case of simple two-stroke engines, everything is a little more complicated.
Initially, the manufacturer indicates the proportion for the new engine. As a rule, it ranges from 1/20 to 1/33. That is, if the recommended proportion is 1/20, this means that 50 grams of oil must be added to one liter of gasoline.
If it is 1/33, then the oil should be 30 grams. The logic of counting, for example, for 1/20 is as follows: for one share of oil, 20 shares of fuel. Subsequently, after a certain mileage or a certain number of engine hours, the portion of oil will increase. It is important to follow this.
Table of proportions for the preparation of a working mixture of gasoline and two-stroke oil
| Petrol (liters) | Oil (ml) | ||||
| 25:1 | 30:1 | 35:1 | 40:1 | 50:1 | |
| 1 | 40 | 33 | 28 | 25 | 20 |
| 5 | 200 | 165 | 140 | 125 | 100 |
| 10 | 400 | 330 | 280 | 250 | 200 |
| 15 | 600 | 495 | 420 | 375 | 300 |
Since the development on CPG parts will require an additional amount of oil to create a protective film in worn surfaces.
The life of the boats is largely determined by how long the engine has been running. And the latter depends on the quality of the oil used. The right choice of oil for two-stroke outboard motors allows you to avoid corrosion for a sufficiently long period. In addition, high-quality lubricant for two-stroke outboard motors ensures that the engine runs at maximum speed.
In specialized stores today, oil is presented for two-stroke engines of the following types:
- synthetic;
- mineral.
There are other types of lubricants, but these are very popular.
The main difference between synthetic and mineral materials lies in their basis: they have a different molecular structure.
For 2-stroke outboard motors, oils of the first type are the most preferred, as they are highly stable. Similar materials can also be used after mineral. But if an unknown oil was previously poured into the engine, it is recommended that you first fill in the flushing agent, and then apply the synthetic one.
Due to the fact that the latter has a stable chemical composition, it provides the safest mode of operation of the outboard motor. In particular, the synthetic base retains its viscosity regardless of the current temperature level. In other words, a 2-stroke engine retains its original characteristics for a sufficiently long service life. Moreover, synthetic oil preserves the integrity of individual structural elements, so the engine will not require repairs for a long time.
The main feature of the mineral base is that it has a relatively low cost.
Using such a lubricant, the owner of a motorized boat reduces the operating costs of it.
The best choice of lubricant base is the one recommended by the engine manufacturer. For example, synthetic oil is characterized by increased fluidity. However, the design of the engine is not designed for such material. As a result, if the owner uses such an oil, he has to regularly deal with leaks.
To reduce operating costs, semi-synthetic materials can be used. They are a combination in certain proportions of mineral and synthetic oils. True, the quality of such materials is at a fairly average level.
Oil Requirements
Engine oils perform the following functions:
- prevent friction between individual engine components;
- increase the service life of parts;
- provide protection from the negative impact of the environment on the power plant;
- remove heat from moving components.
Each motor oil must pass mandatory quality certification before entering the market. Lubricant for two-stroke engines is marked TC-W3. The main requirement of this standard is the absence of additives in engine oil that contain metal anion compounds.
When using a lubricant that does not meet TC-W3, there is a high probability of rapid formation of soot on individual engine components, which ultimately leads to wear of the elements of the piston group.
The correct choice of oil for the outboard motor is based on the following conditions:
- The material must have a minimum ash content. In other words, if this condition is met, the oil burns out completely during engine operation.
- The lubricant base is highly soluble in fuel.
- It has good lubricating, anti-corrosion characteristics, perfectly tolerates a sharp change in temperature.
- In the presence of an engine with a separate oil supply, the latter must have a high fluidity index.
- When the material enters the water, it should quickly decompose into individual components.
Compound
For two-stroke engines, a lubricant with an average viscosity index is preferable. In such materials, the oil base occupies about 60%. Depending on the manufacturer, 5-17% of the oil consists of the so-called vacuum sediment, which is formed during the distillation of the initial oil product. This component provides the material with lubricating properties due to the fact that it has an increased level of plasticity.
The remaining 20% are special solvents that act as activators. They ensure that the lubricant base is mixed with the fuel.
Synthetic lubricant
When switching to "synthetics", owners of outboard engines often have quite serious problems with them. This becomes especially noticeable when low-quality and cheap materials were previously used. In addition, the decrease in the operational properties of motors is affected by non-compliance with the rules for changing the oil and the presence of foreign elements in the engines. The result is cracking of the seals.
Deposits of the mineral base come out gradually. If you replace it with a synthetic one, then the residues are washed out almost immediately, which in the future can lead to rapid wear of the oil receiver grid.
All of the above means that "synthetics" must be used from the very beginning. This approach avoids many negative consequences during the operation of boat units.
- deposits are observed in the engine;
- seals have lost their original plasticity;
- during the "running" of the motor;
- The engine has been overhauled before.
"Running" of motors is carried out immediately after the purchase of the boat. At this stage, it is recommended to opt for a mineral lubricant base. And at the end of the "break-in" of 2-stroke engines, you should switch to "synthetics". This approach increases the operational life of the unit.
Among the most popular manufacturers of power plants for boats are Yamaha, Suzuki and Tohatsu. It was said above that the choice of lubricant for motors is recommended to be made based on the recommendations for a particular unit.
For example, Suzuki brand units work well on a synthetic basis costing 500 rubles or less. Yamaha models are highly reliable. Therefore, even automotive lubricants can be poured into them. As for Tohatsu, when using this unit, it is worth using specialized materials. In particular, it is recommended to fill in Quicksilver products.
In cases where the owner of the boat doubts that the motor can withstand working with "synthetics", you can opt for a semi-synthetic basis.
Engine operation without oil
If the oil base is completely used up, the engine will continue to work for some time. However, with a long absence of lubricant, the probability of failure of the power unit increases sharply due to the fact that strong friction occurs between the piston and the wall, which renders this component unusable.
In general, the choice is determined by the advice of experienced users and recommendations from manufacturers.
Changing the oil in the gearbox of the outboard motor
Oils for 2-stroke engines differ from motor oils for four-stroke drives in composition and structure. When choosing a motor fluid for a two-stroke engine, you need to familiarize yourself with the principle of operation of this type of power unit, generally accepted classifications and tolerances of manufacturing plants.
A 2-stroke engine does not have a crankcase, it is lubricated with a mixture of oil and fuel, which completely burns out in the combustion chamber of the engine cylinder. Engine fluids for four-stroke units do not come into contact with fuel. Due to differences in the principle of operation, lubricant manufacturers have different requirements for the properties of motor fluids for 2 and 4-stroke drives.
A 2-stroke engine needs oil that will burn completely in the combustion chamber without leaving any residue or soot. It is important that unburned oil residues entering the exhaust gases are biodegradable.
For four-stroke power units, the main parameter of motor mixtures is viscosity - the ability of liquids to maintain their structure under various operating conditions to ensure the formation of a strong lubricating film on drive elements.
Standards and Specifications
There are 2 oil standards for two-stroke drives:
- 2T - are used for air-cooled power units;
- TC-W3 - used in water-cooled motors.
According to the API classification, engine oils for two-stroke drives are divided as follows:
- TA - used for motors of small mopeds, motorcycles, lawn mowers;
- TV - for powerful motorcycle engines;
- TS - applicable to the motors of equipment operating on land;
- TD - designed for outboard drives.
Motor mixtures for two-stroke engines of motorcycles and other machines are classified according to JASO
- FA - meet the requirements of developing countries;
- FB - meet the operating conditions in Japan;
- FC - smokeless motor mixtures;
- FD - smokeless motor fluids with improved performance.
If the fluid is chosen correctly, it will extend the life of the motor, otherwise the operational period of using the vehicle will decrease.
Watch a video about 2-stroke oils:
Viscosity, base
2-stroke engines have design features, to ensure their normal operation, it is necessary to choose an oil that corresponds to the viscosity class indicated by the manufacturer of the motorcycle, car and other units. Only the manufacturer can specify the optimum viscosity for a particular engine type.
If the viscosity is too low, the oil will not protect engine parts from friction - this will lead to wear of the power unit. The use of too thick lubricant impairs combustion processes, increases friction losses, and leads to increased carbon formation.
When choosing between mineral and synthetic motor mixtures, follow the rules:
- Mineral water is used in worn motors due to the presence of a large amount of soot in them.
- Synthetics are used in modern drives equipped with an injection or dosing system. Synthetic fluids are characterized by enhanced properties, so it is not recommended to pour them into power units with high mileage.
- Observe the approvals and recommendations of the vehicle dealer.
There are BIO oils on the market that have accelerated biodegradation. Their price is 50% higher than conventional lubricants. This cost is due to the ability of combustion products to completely decompose in water; the BIO additive, which is part of these liquids, does not affect the operation of the motor.
Conclusion
Try to buy lubricants with characteristics that match the recommendations of the vehicle manufacturer. Incorrectly selected fluid will lead to coking of the piston rings, cause increased carbon formation, and accelerate engine wear.
Correct operation of the motor can be ensured by fluids with a competent selection of additives, an excessive amount of which (over 20% of the total volume) will lead to a deterioration in the operation of the drive. Keep in mind: the correct ratio of chemical elements is contained in certified products that meet international standards.
When choosing an oil-gasoline mixture in a 2-stroke engine, pay attention to the dosage indicated by the manufacturer. If your motor must run on a 1:100 fluid, do not use 1:50 mixtures. From your attentiveness envy the resource of the drive.
