Maximum road train length: allowable dimensions of the vehicle. Dimensional and weight restrictions applicable to vehicles

It consists of 5 points that provide superficial requirements for this situation.

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However, a closer analysis allows us to determine more specific conditions applicable to the stage of transportation of large containers and other goods.

Traffic signs restricting the movement of cars by size

The SDA of the Russian Federation provides for uniform standards that characterize the conditions for prohibiting the movement of vehicles that do not meet standard dimensions.

There are 3 of them in "Prohibition Signs":

1. Sign 3.13 "Height limitation". It is used to restrict the passage of a vehicle whose height is greater than the value given on it. It is set in situations where the gap from the road to the lower part of the span structures or the means related to engineering communications is less than 5 m.

   The maximum difference in height between the figure indicated on the sign and the actual one depends on what exactly it is installed for:

   • for architectural structures: at least 30 - 40 cm;
   • for communications: at least 20 - 40 cm.
2. Sign 3.14 "Width limitation". Designed to prohibit the movement of vehicles with dimensions in width exceeding the characteristic standards. It is placed in front of the passage and entrance from tunnels, parking lots, bridge structures.

   

   The value on the sign must be indicated less than the real one by 20 cm. The second duplicating similar sign is placed on the span or artificial structure.

3. Sign 3.15 "Length limitation". It is used to prohibit the movement of motor vehicles, the length of which exceeds the value given on it.

   

   It is used on a section of the road having the following characteristics:

   • narrow roadway;
   • close nearby architectural development;
   • sharp turns;
   • mountain serpentine;
   • other sections of the carriageway where passing with an oncoming car or single traffic can create an emergency situation, or is simply difficult.
4. Signs 3.11 "Weight limitation" and 3.12 "Weight limitation, per axle of the vehicle". They affect the maximum weight of the car with or without cargo. The movement of the machine on public roads in their area is prohibited.

   

   Permissible dimensions for the transport of goods by truck

   First of all, information taken from clause 23.4 of the traffic rules of the Russian Federation should be given.

   According to the information presented there, the overall load has the following criteria:

   1. Protrudes from both sides of the vehicle or one of them no more than 40 cm from the outer edge.
   2. Protrudes in front or behind no more than 100 cm.

   Exceeding the allowable measures is allowed, but transportation should take place with the identification badge "Oversized cargo", with the onset of poor visibility - 2 lights or retroreflectors:

   1. Front white.
   2. Behind - red.

   It should be added here that the red rag that was tied in Soviet times in such cases is not suitable for this situation.

   The oversized cargo icon is officially approved by the Rules of the Road and should look like this:

   

   1. Appearance in the form of a square measuring 40 * 40 cm.
   2. The image is applied by alternating white and red stripes, the width of which should be 5 cm.
   3. The surface of the sign is covered with a reflective film, which makes it possible to see it at night and in conditions of insufficient visibility.

   Curiously, in Russia there are different standards for determining the dimensions of a truck than in the countries of the European Union or the United States:

   

   Permissible standards for cars

   If we do not take as an example the information taken in the SDA of the Russian Federation, clause 23.4, given earlier in relation to cars, a number of conditions can be cited, the observance of which may cause a fine:

   1. The load must not impair the stability of the vehicle.
   2. The maximum width of the vehicle, including the load, must not exceed 2.55 m.
   3. Front and rear, there should be no extension of more than 2 m on either side.
   4. The load should not block the driver's view and interfere with driving.
   5. It does not create strong noise and does not cover lighting devices and retroreflectors with its body.

   On the roof of a car

   With regard to the transport of goods in the upper trunk of a car (on the roof), the requirements listed above regarding 40 cm to the side and 1 m forward or backward should be taken into account:

   

   However, due to the specifics of such transportation, the following factors must be taken into account at the time of movement:

   1. Loading more than 100 kg of cargo on the roof rack can damage the uprights and cause dents.
   2. Materials that have a large volume or area, such as large bags or a sheet of plywood, drywall, with strong gusts of wind or an increase in vehicle speed, will work like a big sail. The created aerodynamic effect will affect the failure of the mounts or overturn the car.

   for trailer

   The situation regarding the allowable length dimensions in the trailer of a car at the time of transporting goods is that the measurements of the protruding element do not come from the towbar of the car, but from the rear edge of the tow hitch.

   Thus, the metal profile, which the driver of the Moskvich is carrying in the photo below, is placed subject to the requirements established in the Rules:

   

   1. If the property protrudes beyond the front or rear by more than 1 m, during daylight hours it is necessary to use the identification plate “Oversized cargo”.
   2. Transportation at night or in poor visibility conditions, using the 2 reflective elements or lights mentioned earlier.

   For oversized on the trawl

   In accordance with Russian legislation, the organization of complex oversized cargo must be subject to a number of rules regulated by the following regulations:

   1. Art. 31. Revealing the features of the movement of cars, with a maximum permitted weight of more than 12 tons.
   2. SDA RF clause 23.5, which provides for certain dimensions, the excess of which classifies the car as a vehicle, whose movement is regulated by the listed legislative acts.

   

   It is used for transportation of heavy cargo or dimensions exceeding the established traffic rules. In most cases, they are allowed to be transported unaccompanied by traffic police.

   The only exception is the aforementioned situation, when the car, together with the cargo, does not fit into the framework approved by the Rules.

   The variety of trawls is amazing, but in most cases their technical characteristics look like this:

   1. Load capacity - 36 tons.
   2. Length - 12 - 13 m.
   3. Width - 2.5 m.

   act of divergence

   The requirement to draw up an act when weighing and measuring the dimensions of a car is defined in clause 2.1.1.1.3. Sample of this document:

   

   According to the text of the document, the following information is displayed:

   1. The date and time the check was performed.
   2. Name, location and affiliation of the checkpoint to a particular institution.
   3. Registration number, model and make of the checked vehicle.
   4. cargo specifics.
   5. with the entry of information about the path traveled:
      • on federal roads;
      • regional;
      • intermunicipal;
      • local.
   6. Vehicle weight:
      • the maximum allowable;
      • actual.
   7. Overall parameters:
      • length;
      • width;
      • height.

   The drawn up document, reflecting the presence or absence of a violation, must be drawn up in 2 copies and signed by a person who is in the performance of his official duties. One sample is handed over to the driver, the other is filed into the archive of the checkpoint.

   The legislation of the Russian Federation does not provide for an official form of the act of divergence of dimensions during transportation. Mostly in this case, forms are used approved by the rules for the carriage of goods, carried out in accordance with paragraph 2 of Art. 38

   Penalties for non-compliance with the rules

   From all the information presented earlier, we can draw a conclusion, the key points of which are shown in the image:

   

   Any failure to comply with these requirements may result in an emergency in which people or their property will suffer.

   If we consider the situation regarding administrative offenses, the legislation provides for various options for the development of events:

   1. p. 1 - non-compliance with the conditions of transportation with a fine equal to 500 rub.
   2. , specifying the excess of the allowable dimensions given in the documents by different values, depending on the specific item. Large permissible mass of the vehicle by various amounts without a permit or exceeding the weight indicated in it or the axle load on each of the axles by an amount corresponding to a specific section.

   According to 11 paragraphs of this article, the measure of punishment for the following persons is characterized:

   • physical (driver);
   • legal (organizations, enterprises and other companies, regardless of their legal regulation);
   • officials who committed a violation while performing their duties under the employment contract;
   • with a deviation of the given parameters.

   Art. 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation regulates various deviations from the regulatory conditions regarding the overall parameters of a car carrying goods and moving empty. The measure of punishment is provided in accordance with the degree of difference determined by the content of 11 points.

   It should be noted that, with the exception of paragraph 10 of this article, individual entrepreneurs are equated with legal entities.

   Based on the information presented, it becomes obvious that an elementary trip to the country with seedlings sticking out of the window of a car can cause close attention of the traffic police and a fine.

   Question: Appendix No. 3 to the Rules for the carriage of goods by road (Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 15, 2011 No. 272) indicates the MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE DIMENSIONS OF VEHICLES. The appendix states that the length of a single vehicle should be no more than 12 m, and the length of the trailer should also be no more than 12 m. and the height of KAMAZ and the trailer was 2.50 m and 4 m, then KAMAZ towed a non-oversized cargo (trailer)? Accordingly, the society did not violate Art. 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation (transportation of bulky cargo without special permission)?

   Answer

   A vehicle formed by a car and a semi-trailer or trailer towed by it is a road train, i.e. the trailer is an integral part of the vehicle and is not a load.

   In order to ensure road safety, the current regulatory legal regulation identifies the concepts of “a vehicle whose dimensions without load exceed the established norms”, “a vehicle whose dimensions with a load exceed the established norms” and “oversized cargo” and prohibits their movement on roads without special permission.

   Thus, if the length of the road train exceeds 20 meters (Appendix No. to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 15, 2011 No. 272), as indicated in the question (12 + 12 = 24), a special permit is required. In its absence, the company may be held administratively liable under the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

   The rationale for this position is given below in the materials of "Systems Lawyer" .

   1. Federal Law No. FZ of 08.11.2007 “On highways and road activities in the Russian Federation and on amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation”

   “According to paragraph 13 of Article 11 of the Federal Law of November 8, 2007 No. 257-FZ “On highways and road activities in the Russian Federation” (hereinafter - Law No. 257-FZ) to the powers of state authorities of the Russian Federation in the field of the use of roads and implementation of road activities, the establishment of a procedure for issuing a special permit for the movement on motor roads of vehicles carrying dangerous and (or) heavy cargo, and vehicles whose dimensions with or without cargo exceed the norms established by regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation (hereinafter - vehicles transporting bulky goods), the procedure for weight and dimensional control, including the organization of weight and dimensional control points, and the procedure for determining permanent routes of vehicles carrying dangerous, heavy and (or) bulky goods.

   Thus, in order to ensure road safety, the current regulatory legal regulation identifies the concepts of “a vehicle whose dimensions without cargo exceed the established norms”, “a vehicle whose dimensions with a load exceed the established norms” and “oversized cargo” and prohibits their movement. on motor roads without a special permit.*

   After examining and evaluating the evidence presented by the parties in accordance with Article 71 of the Arbitration Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, the courts of first and appeal instances found that the dimensions of a vehicle owned by the company without cargo exceed the maximum permissible dimensions of vehicles established by clause 23.5 of the SDA. However, the movement of the specified vehicle along the federal highway was carried out without special permission from the authorized body.

   Since Mamontovsky KRS LLC did not provide evidence confirming the presence of any obstacles to the performance of actions prescribed by law, the courts came to a reasonable conclusion that the company’s act contained an administrative offense under Part 1 of Article 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

   Professional help system for lawyers, where you will find the answer to any, even the most complex question.
   

   The overall dimensions of trucks are set in accordance with accepted international standards and regulations of individual countries. The regulation is designed primarily to ensure the safety of traffic, the safety of transported goods and environmental standards. The EU has a simplified system of national rules, the purpose of which is to create equal conditions and facilitate the process of transport between member states of the European Union. In the recent past, these rules were also necessary to prevent discrepancies in the size of transported goods, which, after motor transport, are transferred for transportation to the railroad.
   Council Directive 96/53/EC of 25 July 1996 established standardized dimensions and maximum weights for cross-border goods transport. Their observance is obligatory at least in the territory of the European Union. Each Member State may, in its national legislation (for example, in Germany, these are the rules of the road), may slightly modify the established restrictions.

   International Classification of Goods Vehicles (ATS)

   		Gross weight (tons)	Notes
   			Trucks, special vehicles
   	Vehicles with an engine designed for the transport of goods	Over 3.5 to 12.0
   	Vehicles with an engine designed for the transport of goods		Trucks, tractors, special vehicles
   	PBX without a driver		Trailers and semi-trailers
   	PBX without a driver	Over 0.75 to 3.5	Trailers and semi-trailers
   	PBX without a driver	Over 3.5 to 10.0	Trailers and semi-trailers
   	PBX without a driver		Trailers and semi-trailers

   Currently in Russia transportation of heavy and oversized cargo is regulated by:

   • Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 15, 2011 N 272. Appendix 2 does not distinguish between single or dual wheels.
   • Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of January 9, 2014 No. 12, come into force t Only from January 1, 2015 of the year.

   18.75 m

   24.0 tons

   10.0 tons

   11.5 tons

   40.0 tons

   Permissible truck sizes in Europe

   dimensions (meter)

   Width (standard truck)

   Width (refrigerator)

   Truck length

   trailer length

   Length of a saddle train

   Road train length

   Length of the three-axle bus

   Articulated bus length

   Maximum weight of trucks in Europe. Truck axle loads in Europe

   maximum weight for axles (tons)

   Non-driving axle

   drive axle

   double cart

   triple cart

   total weight of single truck (tons)

   2 axle truck

   Three axle truck

   four-axle truck

   total trailer weight (tons)

   Double axle trailer

   3 axle trailer

   total weight of road train (tons)

   Three-axle truck train

   Four-axle truck train

   Five-axle truck train

   Six-axle truck train

   Four-axle road train

   Five-axle road train

   Six-axle road train

   Three-axle bus

   Permissible mass of a road train in Russia. Maximum axle load in Russia.

   Application №2
   to the Rules for the carriage of goods by road (as amended by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 12 dated January 9, 2014)

   Permissible axle loads of vehicles

   	Distance between closely spaced axes (meters)	Permissible axle loads of wheeled vehicles depending on the standard (calculated) axle load (tons) and the number of wheels on the axle
   		for highways designed for an axle load of 6 tons / axle ( * )	for highways designed for an axle load of 10 tons/axle	for highways designed for an axle load of 11.5 tons/axle
   Single axles
   Tandem axles of trailers, semi-trailers, trucks, tractors, truck tractors with distance between axles (bogie load, sum of axle masses)	up to 1 (inclusive)
   	from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive)
   	from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)
   	from 1.8 and more
   Triple axles of trailers, semi-trailers, trucks, tractors, truck tractors with distance between axles (bogie load, sum of axle masses)	up to 1 (inclusive)
   	up to 1.3 (inclusive)
   	from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)		21 (22,5 ** )
   	from 1.8 and more
   Contiguous axles of trucks, tractors, truck tractors, trailers and semi-trailers with more than three axles at a distance between axles (one axle load)	up to 1 (inclusive)
   	from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive)
   	from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)
   	from 1.8 and more
   Contiguous axles of vehicles with eight or more wheels on each axle (load per axle)	up to 1 (inclusive)
   	from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive)
   	from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)
   	from 1.8 and more

   (* ) In the event that the owner of the road establishes the appropriate road signs and posts information on the vehicle's axial load permissible for the road on its official website.
   (** ) For vehicles with single wheels equipped with air suspension or equivalent.

   Notes:

   1. Values ​​in parentheses are for dual wheels, outside brackets are for single wheels.
   2. Axles with single and double wheels, combined in a group of close axles, should be considered as close axles with single wheels, with the exception of a two-axle bogie with a dump axle.
   3. For tandem and triple axles structurally integrated into a common bogie, the permissible axle load is determined by dividing the total bogie load by the corresponding number of axles.
   4. The permissible axle load for a two-axle bogie with an axle to be discharged is assumed to be equal to the ratio of 60 percent of the allowable load on a two-axle bogie for the driving axle and 40% for the axle to be discharged.

   European norms for the toxicity of exhaust gases of diesel engines of trucks

   Requirements of the UN General Assembly in terms of emissions of pollutants for heavy trucks equipped with a diesel engine, g / (kWh)
   Each truck must be marked in accordance with its standard. Letters of the Latin alphabet are used for designation.

   Standard (year)	Carbon monoxide - CO	Hydrocarbons - HC	Nitric oxide - N0x		Smoke
   Euro 0 (1988)
   Euro 1 (1992)
   Euro 2 (1996)
   Euro 3 (2000)
   Euro 4 (2005)
   Euro 5 (2008)
   Euro 6 (2013)

   A motor vehicle that meets the relevant requirements is identified by a letter placed on the cab or truck bumper:

   

   • U - "Umwelt" ("Nature"), Euro-1 standard,
   • E - "Green Lorry" ("Green Truck"). The concept of "Green Lorry" includes the following requirements: emission standards for pollutants EURO-2, noise standards - 78-80 dBA. On such a truck, a certificate of conformity is filled out and a plate U or E is installed
   • S - "Supergreen" ("Very green"), Euro-2 standard
   • G - Greener and Safe Lorry
   • L - "Larmarm Kraftfahzeuge" (low noise tractor) in Austria since December 1, 1989, a truck moving at night (from 22:00 to 5:00) on the territory of Austria must comply with these noise standards.

   Since 2001, another definition of a vehicle has been introduced - “EURO-3 safe”, it has been in force since 2002. Such a truck must comply with the EURO-3 standards in terms of emissions, and the usual 78-80 dBA in terms of noise. Then a green sign with a white border and a white number 3 is hung.
   For cars that comply with "EURO-4" and "EURO-5" signs are green with a white border and the numbers 4 and 5.

   All of the above signs must be confirmed by the manufacturer's certificate and be on board the vehicle.

   Amendments to Federal Law No. 248-FZ dated July 13, 2015 regulating the movement of heavy and large vehicles.

   In the Federal Law “On Highways and Road Activities in the Russian Federation and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation”, the concepts of “heavy cargo” and “oversized cargo” are replaced by the concepts of “heavy vehicle” and “oversized vehicle”, respectively.
   The federal law introduces a ban on the movement on highways of heavy vehicles and large vehicles carrying goods that are not indivisible, with the exception of large vehicles carrying out movement on the basis of special permits, the dimensions of which are no more than 2 percent higher than the permissible ones.
   The federal law improves the procedure for implementing procedures related to the issuance of a special permit for the movement on highways of a heavy and (or) large-sized vehicle, as well as a vehicle transporting dangerous goods.
   The right to issue a special permit for the movement of a vehicle transporting dangerous goods on the roads is assigned to the Rostransnadzor of Russia.
   It is established that the relevant authorized bodies may issue special permits for the movement of heavy and (or) large-sized vehicles on the roads through their authorized subordinate organizations.
   In addition, the Federal Law provides for the possibility of driving on heavy vehicles, the mass of which, with or without cargo and (or) the axle load of which is no more than 2 percent higher than the permissible mass of the vehicle and (or) the permissible axle load, without special permissions.
   If the axle load of a heavy vehicle exceeds the permissible axle load of the vehicle by more than 2 percent, but not more than 10 percent, a special permit is issued under a simplified procedure.
   The federal law also establishes that a special permit is issued within a period of not more than one day from the date of confirmation of the payment of a fee to compensate for harm caused by a heavy vehicle.
   For violation of the established deadlines for coordinating the routes of a heavy vehicle and (or) large-sized vehicle or the period for issuing a special permit, or an unreasonable refusal to coordinate such routes, as well as for violating the rules for the movement of a heavy-weight and (or) large-sized vehicle, the Federal Law provides for administrative liability .

   An excursion into the history of the formation of restrictions on the size of trucks

   The main regulatory document regarding restrictions on the size of commercial vehicles in Europe is Council Directive 96/53/EC. Sweden and Finland were the first states of the Old World to change the permissible length and weight of road trains to 25.25 m and 60 tons. In these countries, the operation of two types of road trains is allowed: formed from a three-axle tractor and a 5-axle trailer, made on the basis of a serial 3-axle semi-trailer with a 2-axle bogie, and semi-trailer road trains (SPA), where a 2-axle trailer is attached to a serial semi-trailer trailer, usually with a central axle.
   On domestic roads, road trains of new models appeared quite a long time ago. They ply between the cities of Sweden, Finland and St. cars. The situation is similar in the CIS countries. The useful volume of such road trains reaches 160 cubic meters.
   The Scandinavian states did not immediately come to the length of road trains of 25.5 meters. At first they managed to allow trucks 24 meters long. There are currently no standards that determine the permissible mass norms for trucks and tractors in the post-Soviet space. The only suitable GOST was canceled more than 25 years ago. According to it, the total mass of a 5-axle saddle or single-trailer road train should not exceed 40 tons, length 20 meters, and with two trailers - 24 meters.
   Experts consider the “Agreement on the mass and dimensions of vehicles engaged in interstate transportation on the roads of the CIS member countries”, which entered into force on June 4, 1999, to be contradictory and thoughtless. The maximum permissible mass of a road train under this "agreement" should be 44 tons. Even in North American countries, which have the world's toughest regulations for axle loads and masses of road trains, this figure is 48 tons. A similar situation is with a 6-axle saddle train, the mass of which should not exceed 38 tons. At the same time, in the European Union, in accordance with EU Directive No. 96/53, the permissible mass of a road train is 44 tons.
   China has the most liberal attitude to the size of trucks. Any restrictions there exist only on paper. According to the documents, regulations similar to EU Directive No. 96/53 / EC are regulated, but there are “monsters” of huge sizes on the roads.
   In North America, the length of a semi-trailer must not exceed 16.15 m, and the width - 2.6 m. In Europe, similar restrictions are stricter: length - 13.6 m, width - 2.6 m. Due to similar disagreements regarding allowed standards the process of transporting goods in containers becomes more complicated. So 45, 48 and 53 foot containers are not found in Europe at all, although they are widely used in the USA and Canada.

   What is an Autotrain?

   A road train is considered to be a car with an arbitrary number of trailers or a tractor car.
   A feature of such a vehicle is the presence of a towing device. The use of road trains increases the use of the power potential of cars, reduces the cost of transportation, increases productivity, reduces the need for drivers, reduces fuel consumption per 1 ton of transported cargo by increasing the maximum allowable volume of cargo that can be transported at a time by one freight vehicle.

   Classification of trucks by purpose

   All trucks can be divided into the following popular categories by body type:

   • Tents, semi-trailers - the most common type of truck. Used to transport any cargo. Loading of the body is carried out from any side, which greatly simplifies this process. The average lifting capacity varies from 20 to 25 tons;
   • Refrigerators, semi-trailers are semi-trailers that are equipped with refrigeration units necessary for the transport of perishable products. Temperature in the refrigerator: from +25 to -25. The average carrying capacity of these types of trucks is 12-20 tons;
   • Automatic coupler is a car and a trailer to it. They are very convenient in terms of loading / unloading. They can carry almost any cargo, except for long ones, as well as those requiring special conditions. Capacity: from 16 to 25 tons;
   • jumbo These are high capacity trailers. The floor of the trailer is made in the form of the letter "G", and the diameter of the wheels is also reduced, due to which additional space is achieved. The average carrying capacity of such trailers is up to 20 tons;
   • Container ship- a vehicle used to transport containers;
   • tank truck- a vehicle used for the transportation of liquid and bulk cargo;
   • car transporter- a vehicle used to transport cars;
   • grain carrier- a vehicle used to transport grain;
   • dump truck- a vehicle used for the transport of bulk cargo.

   Terms used in transport documents

   • "Freight car"- a vehicle equipped with a mechanical drive. Operated for the transportation of goods by road;
   • "Vehicle"- a device on which cargo or passengers are installed for their transportation by road;
   • "Road train"- a combined vehicle consisting of a truck and a trailer (trailer road train), a tractor and a semi-trailer (saddle road train);
   • "Tractor"- a vehicle equipped with its own engine and designed exclusively or primarily for the towing of a trailer or semi-trailer;
   • "combined vehicle"- a combination of a car and a trailer (semi-trailer);
   • "Full trailer" drawbar trailer - a towed vehicle having at least two axles, of which at least one axle is steerable and, in addition:
     - equipped with a towing device (drawbar), which has the ability to move vertically with respect to the tractor;
     - not transferring any significant vertical load to the tractor (not more than 100 daN).
     When a semi-trailer is coupled to a semi-trailer base bogie, it is considered a full trailer;
   • "Semitrailer"- a towed vehicle that is designed to be connected to a truck tractor (or semi-trailer base truck) and transmits a significant vertical load to the tractor hitch (or semi-trailer base truck);
   • "Semi-trailer trolley"- A trailer with a central axle equipped with a fifth wheel coupling.
   • "Maximum vehicle length"- the length of the vehicle, which does not exceed the established allowable values ​​(for each country);
   • "Maximum Vehicle Width"- the width of the vehicle, which does not exceed the established allowable values ​​(for each country);
   • "Maximum Vehicle Height"- the height of the vehicle, which does not exceed the established allowable values ​​(for each country);
   • "Maximum Vehicle Weight"- the mass of the vehicle with or without cargo, which does not exceed the established allowable values ​​(for each country);
   • "Maximum axle weight"- mass transmitted through the axle of the vehicle to the surface of the road, which does not exceed the established allowable values ​​(for each country);
   • "Weight of the vehicle in running order"- the mass of the unladen vehicle with a body and a coupling device in the case of a tractor bus, or the mass of the chassis with a cab, if the manufacturer does not install a body, and / or a coupling device. This mass includes the masses of coolant, oils, at least 90% fuel, 100% other liquids (excluding used water), tools, driver (75 kg), and spare wheel.
   • "Technically permissible maximum vehicle weight"- the maximum mass of the vehicle, due to its design and specified characteristics, established by the vehicle manufacturer.
   • "Indivisible cargo"- cargo that cannot be divided during transportation due to the risk of damage or large expenditures of time and money;
   • "Air Suspension"- a suspension system in which the shock-absorbing element is air, providing at least 75% of the shock-absorbing effect;

   Freight forwarder or carrier? Three secrets and international cargo transportation

   Forwarder or carrier: which one to choose? If the carrier is good and the forwarder is bad, then the first one. If the carrier is bad, and the forwarder is good, then the second one. Such a choice is simple. But how to decide when both applicants are good? How to choose from two seemingly equivalent options? The problem is that these options are not equal.

   Scary stories of international transportation

   BETWEEN THE HAMMER AND THE ANVIL.

   It is not easy to live between a transportation customer and a very cunningly economical cargo owner. One day we received an order. Freight for three kopecks, additional conditions for two sheets, the collection is called .... Loading on Wednesday. The car is already in place on Tuesday, and by lunchtime the next day, the warehouse begins to slowly throw into the trailer everything that your forwarder has collected for his customers-recipients.

   ENCHANTED PLACE - PTO KOZLOVICHI.

   According to legends and experience, everyone who transported goods from Europe by road knows what a terrible place is the PTO Kozlovichi, Brest customs. What chaos the Belarusian customs officers are doing, they find fault in every possible way and tear at exorbitant prices. And it is true. But not all...

   HOW UNDER THE NEW YEAR WE CARRIED DRY MILK.

   Groupage loading at a consolidation warehouse in Germany. One of the cargoes is powdered milk from Italy, the delivery of which was ordered by the Forwarder .... A classic example of the work of the forwarder-"transmitter" (he does not delve into anything, he only passes along the chain).

   Documents for international transport

   International road transport of goods is very organized and bureaucratic, as a result - for the implementation of international road transport of goods, a lot of unified documents are used. It doesn’t matter if it’s a customs carrier or an ordinary one – he won’t go without documents. Although it is not very exciting, we have tried to simply state the purpose of these documents and the meaning that they have. They gave an example of filling in TIR, CMR, T1, EX1, Invoice, Packing List...

   Calculation of axle load for trucking

   Purpose - to study the possibility of redistributing loads on the axles of the tractor and semi-trailer when changing the location of the cargo in the semi-trailer. And the application of this knowledge in practice.

   In the system we are considering, there are 3 objects: a tractor $(T)$, a semi-trailer $(\large ((p.p.)))$ and a cargo $(\large (gr))$. All variables related to each of these objects will be superscripted $T$, $(\large (p.p.))$ and $(\large (gr))$ respectively. For example, the unladen weight of a tractor would be denoted as $m^(T)$.

   Why don't you eat mushrooms? Customs exhaled sadness.

   What is happening in the international road transport market? The Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation has already banned the issuance of TIR Carnets without additional guarantees in several federal districts. And she notified that from December 1 of this year she would completely break the contract with the IRU as inappropriate for the requirements of the Customs Union and put forward non-childish financial claims.
   IRU responded: “The explanations of the Russian Federal Customs Service regarding the alleged debt of ASMAP in the amount of 20 billion rubles are a complete fabrication, since all the old TIR claims have been fully settled ..... What do we, simple carriers, think?

   Stowage Factor Weight and volume of cargo when calculating the cost of transportation

   The calculation of the cost of transportation depends on the weight and volume of the cargo. For maritime transport, volume is most often decisive, for air transport it is weight. For road transport of goods, a complex indicator plays an important role. Which parameter for calculations will be chosen in a particular case depends on specific weight of cargo (Stowage Factor) .

   When moving on roads, it is necessary to take into account the permitted dimensions of the cargo for transportation by road. This is one of the factors that ensure the safety of road traffic for all its participants, as well as the key to the successful transportation of objects, goods, and substances being moved. In addition, limiting the size and weight of goods is an important tool for influencing competition. Therefore, these rules are clearly regulated and require mandatory compliance.

   What is oversized cargo?

   Overall cargo is considered to be with dimensions not exceeding the norms in force for the car. That is, what is being transported is equated to the vehicle itself. The maximum dimensions for the carriage of goods by road are established by the SDA and other regulations.

   Automotive standards in the European Union

   In European countries, the norms regarding the dimensions of transportation by road are determined by Directive 96/53, namely its annex. According to this document, the following restrictions are introduced:

   • total length from the rear bumper to the front: solid-frame truck - 12 m, road train - 18.75;
   • body width: isothermal vans - 2.6 m, total - 2.55 m;
   • permissible height of cargo for transportation by road - up to 4 m;
   • weight for machines: two-axle - 18 tons, three-axle - 24 tons, five-, six-axle - 40 tons.

   In Russia

   According to the current regulations, road transportation is carried out by road with the parameters that are given below.

   Limit weight

   For single vehicles, depending on the number of axles, the following restrictions are accepted:

   • two axles - 18 t;
   • three axles - 25 tons;
   • four axles - 32 tons;
   • five axles - 35 t.

   For semi-trailers, as well as trailer road trains, the following weight requirements have been introduced:

   • three axles - 28 t;
   • four axles - 36 tons;
   • five axles - 40 tons;
   • six axles and more - 44 t.

   Limit dimensions

   Restrictions have also been established regarding the permissible dimensions of cargo for transportation by trucks:

   • the distance between the front and rear bumpers: for a road train - 12 m, for a single vehicle and a trailer - 12 m;
   • body width: total - 2.55, isothermal vans - 2.6 m;
   • the maximum height of cargo for transportation by road is up to 4 m.

   Based on the established norms, the maximum parameters of a truck that has the right to move freely on the road are: height - 4 meters, length - 20 meters, weight - 40 tons.

   Traffic restrictions

   Traffic rules provide that the mass of the transported should not exceed the indicators that the manufacturer laid down when developing the vehicle. In addition, there are other rules regarding the dimensions of road transport:

   • it is forbidden to transport objects protruding beyond the body of the vehicle by more than 1 m at the rear or front, and by 0.4 m - on the sides;
   • what is being moved should not block the view of the road, affect the legibility of registration plates, headlights, or interfere with the perception of signs that the driver gives by hand;
   • the cargo is securely fastened to prevent it from falling, especially when it comes to sheets of plywood, fiberboard, and other similar items, since they increase aerodynamic resistance;
   • if the route is long, then regardless of the dimensions of the cargo for transportation, vehicles on the road are periodically stopped and the reliability of fastening is checked;
   • the loaded car or what it carries must not cause dust, noise or pollute the environment;
   • the stability of the car due to the objects placed on it should not be violated.

   If the maximum dimensions of the cargo allowed for transportation by road are exceeded, the driver installs signs notifying that the cargo is bulky and takes other measures that are indicated in legislative acts in order to exclude the possibility of an emergency on the road.

   How to "hide" the excess?

   When transporting, it is of great importance what kind of transport is used for this. And if you choose the right car, you can freely move from the starting point to the final one without classifying the cargo as oversized.

   For example, it is necessary to transport a container with a height of 3.1 m. At the same time, the allowable dimensions of the cargo in height for transportation by road are 4 meters. If a container ship or flatbed trailer of the "scow" type is used, then the height of the item to be delivered is greater. However, if the carrier loads it onto a low-frame trawl, then the container will “fit” into the established norms and will be considered as a dimensional one. This also affects the cost of transportation, since in the second case it is not necessary to issue a special permit, to use cover vehicles for the transportation of oversized cargo.

   A similar solution is offered for the transportation of horizontal loads that go beyond the term "overall". For example, a container with a length of 16 m does not fit on a standard scow, and then an extendable semi-trailer is used. This helps to "hide" the extra meters.

   For transportation by cars and private cars

   The rules on the overall dimensions of goods permitted for transportation by road apply not only to specialized companies and entrepreneurs providing services in this area. Owners of individual passenger vehicles, which are used for their own purposes, must also comply with them.

   Special rules apply for the transportation of oversized cargo. Ignoring the requirements regarding the maximum allowable size of transported items is punishable by a fine and other sanctions. Motor transport companies and private carriers must understand that if the dimensions exceed the established norms, then the transporter, together with the transported person, may end up in an arrest site, and fines will be imposed on those responsible.

   The safety of the cargo is determined by the quality of its transportation. When the property has large dimensions, the choice of the side of the carrier must be approached with particular care. The right transport company means safety, integrity and timely delivery of cargo.

   There is a large selection of offers in the transport service industry, the main thing is not to make a mistake. In particular, the transport company "Pit-Stop" has been operating in the cargo transportation market for more than 7 years, has an excellent reputation, well-deserved partnerships, a fleet of vehicles with a wide range of special equipment. Delivery of oversized cargo to all regions of the Russian Federation is the main direction of the organization's conscientious activity.

   Exist international rules for the transport of bulky goods, their observance is regulated at the legislative level of the Russian Federation. The specificity of the activity of transport companies is the high-quality transportation of various types of cargo.

   Oversized loads. Restrictions

   Transportation of goods, according to the rules of the road, is carried out by special overall transport. The same rules spell out the permissible dimensions for the carriage of goods in accordance with established international standards.

   • Cargo weight should not be more than recommended by the manufacturer for each type of vehicle;
   • The dimensions of the load should not limit the driver's visibility of the road interfere with or restrict traffic control;
   • Dimensions of cargo protruding beyond the limits of vehicles(length - 1 m, width - 0.4 m), must be marked with identification marks (reflector, lantern, patch of red or white fabric).

   All transportation of extraordinary cargo (heavy, dangerous, specific sizes, etc.), which exceed the standards by any parameters, is carried out by oversized transport in accordance with the established rules.

   Maximum allowable dimensions transported cargo:

   • width - 2650 mm;
   • length - 22000 mm;
   • height - 4000 mm;
   • total weight - 38-40 tons.

   Maybe increase the allowable cargo dimension in length, from the back of the vehicle no more than 2 m. In this case, the presence of identification marks (signal lights, reflector, red cloth) is a prerequisite.

   In conditions exceeding the permissible norms, for the transportation of bulky and heavy cargo, it is necessary to obtain special permit and escort service of the traffic police.

   Consequences for violation of the rules of cargo transportation

   Loads exceeding the established norms can create difficult or emergency situations on the road.

   For safe transportation, it is necessary to take into account state of the roadway, its compliance with the expected loads:

   • patency;
   • the presence and proximity of electrical wires;
   • carrying capacity of the transport bed;
   • the presence of tunnels, bridges and other obstacles on the way.

   For violation of the rules and regulations for the transportation of heavy and bulky goods, the owners (companies) of vehicles are fined. The system of fines provides for recovery of up to 500 thousand rubles.

   Organization of cargo transportation

   

   Conscientious specialists of transport companies work in accordance with the norms of Russian legislation, which ensures the competent organization of cargo delivery.

   The cost of current tariffs for cargo transportation can be found on the company's website pit-stopp.ru, the entire range of available equipment is also provided there. Transportation of valuable, non-standard cargo should be trusted only to competent logistics specialists who have a good reputation and some experience in this type of activity. Only they can fully ensure high-quality and safe transportation of goods to any region of the Russian Federation.