How to change tires on a car. How to change wheels for winter

19.10.2019

Transmission

As they said in one famous television series, winter is coming. Forecasters promise the first frosts this week, which means that motorists urgently need to prepare their cars for the cold season. The reviewer of RIAMO in Korolyov found out when you need to “change shoes” for your car, how to choose the right tires, and where in the city you can replace car tires seasonally.

When to change tires

The question of when motorists need to change tires is regulated by Russian law. The law "On the safety of vehicles", which came into force on November 1, 2015, spelled out the requirements for the seasonal conformity of tires.

The law does not specify specific dates when it is necessary to replace the summer time with the summer time and vice versa, as this depends on weather conditions, which may vary. According to the law, if the ambient temperature drops to plus 5 degrees, then the tires need to be changed, since in such conditions summer tires begin to harden, and traction becomes worse. In this case, tires must be changed on all wheels of the car at the same time.

According to the law, only studded tires are prohibited in June, July, August, and only winter tires are required in December, January, February. In this case, studded and non-studded tires can be used, which must be marked M + S and have a tread pattern appropriate for winter. The scope of their use may be increased by local governments, but not reduced - for example, they may regulate the ban on the use of winter “shoes” for a car from May to September.

Thus, motorists can switch to winter tires with M + S studs from September 1 and use it until May inclusive. You can switch to summer tires without the M + S mark from March 1 and drive on it until November 30.

How to choose tires

The opinion that winter and summer tires differ only in tread pattern and thickness is erroneous. Tires have a different rubber composition that provides optimal grip of the wheel surface with the road deck in the specified season.

Summer and winter tires

Summer tires are denser and are suitable for high-speed driving on roads with good surface quality. Winter tires have a more elastic alloy, which, on the contrary, does not work well at positive temperatures. In addition, because of this, their wear increases. But when using winter tires in sub-zero temperatures, they provide good grip on slippery roads. Also, winter tires have a tread depth of up to 4 millimeters, which is much more than that of summer tires - only 1.6 millimeters. Winter tires have a more pronounced tread pattern.

Spikes or Velcro?

Today, two types of winter tires are common - studded and friction. The coefficient of adhesion is greater for studded due to the presence of studs. However, the stability of the car on slippery winter roads also depends on the tread pattern and the chemical composition of the rubber, which, as a rule, is better adapted to winter conditions with friction tires.

Scandinavian or European?

Manufacturers offer motorists two types of tires: Scandinavian and European. The European tread pattern has a large number of grooves designed to drain water. Among them there are both shallow and deeper, located diagonally. In the Scandinavian tread pattern, there are much fewer grooves - it can be one central groove with radial branches. This type of tread helps increase traction in snow or ice. These tires perform very well on slippery trails. They are often supplemented with spikes.

Tire size

The size of winter tires is also important. If you choose tires that do not correspond to the standard size for a particular brand of car, then narrow tires with a high profile will be the best option. When choosing tires, it should be remembered that the shelf life and operation time of winter tires is about three times longer than that of summer tires.

Penalties for wrong choice of tires

According to chapter 12 of the Code of Administrative Offenses, which has no references to the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union, a fine cannot be imposed for the absence of winter tires. However, for the use of winter wheels with worn out tread, a fine of 500 rubles may be imposed or a warning issued upon initial notice. The same fine can also be issued to those who use winter tires marked M + S, but with a tread depth of less than 4 millimeters. The fine is imposed only when the car is operated on an icy or snowy road surface.

Replacing summer tires with winter ones

There are two ways to replace summer tires with winter tires - to overboard the wheels or to put a second set of wheels on the car.

When overboarding, the wheels are dismantled, then summer tires are removed from the disks and replaced with winter ones, after which the wheels are put in place. This method is more expensive, but its plus is that the motorist does not need to have two sets of wheels at once and look for a place to store them.

How to change winter tires to summer

How to change winter tires for summer?

There are several ways to swap summer and winter tires:

1. Self-replacement of rubber.

You must have a reliable jack and wheel wrench. You need to change the wheels according to the instructions for your car and properly tighten the nuts on the wheels. If you are in any doubt, do not do it yourself. Incorrect wheel alignment can lead to a serious accident or damage to the wheels themselves and related parts of the car.

2. Replacement of rubber at the service station or tire fitting.

There are two options for changing tires between winter and summer:

A). Bad option. Change tires on the same rims every time. It is fraught with premature wear or even damage to the rims and tires themselves due to the frequent rearrangement of tires to rims. In addition, each time a mandatory wheel balancing is required. In general, the procedure is more expensive and longer than the next option described.

B). The best option. When changing tires for the first time, you need to buy an additional set of rims and put new tires on new rims at the tire fitting equipment. It's more expensive, but only the first time. In the future, you will save not only money, but also time, because replacing tires will come down to a simple rearrangement of already assembled wheels. If you have enough experience, you can even do it yourself, as described at the beginning.

Seasonal replacement of tires and wheels for summer and winter

Home Advice Seasonal replacement of tires and wheels for summer and winter

Winter tires with spikes are the best helper in the fight against ice and snowy porridge on the roads that we often visit in cold times. The design and location of the studs are designed to keep the car stable on the road even during significant maneuvers, and the control is always clear so that the vehicle always keeps the driver’s hand movements from the steering wheel as accurately as possible. At the same time, winter tires should not be left in hot weather, as they are softer, and the studs will wear out quite quickly during operation. All these principles form the basis of the need for seasonal replacement of rubber.

The replacement process itself is relatively easy if you change tires in combination with discs. This will save you from unnecessary manipulations for installing and shrinking rubber on the disk. In this case, first of all, it is necessary to loosen all the bolts securing the discs to the hubs. It should be noted that this operation is performed with the gearshift lever in neutral position and safety corners should be used to prevent the vehicle from rolling from the service point. You will then need a jack or hoist to remove the wheels quickly and effortlessly. Having lifted the car and twisted all the bolts, you can safely pull off the wheels and put them aside until the next winter or summer, depending on when you make a replacement.

The next step is to install the tires that are relevant for this season. The operation is almost identical. Alternately, install the wheels in their usual places and fix the bolts to keep the wheel from circumferential displacement and prevent it from falling off the hub. After that, it would be good to check the outer diameter of the disks for the presence of various defects formed during the process of driving over bumps in the road. Often they can be the cause of an involuntary drop in tire pressure. All of them can be easily removed with light tapping with a hammer. At the end of this operation, it's time to lower the car to the ground.

Then comes the tightening of the bolts of all wheels to the working norm. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that the bolts on the wheels are self-tightening and you should not put too much pressure on them, because it will not be easy at all to unscrew them later in case of an accident on the road. After all this comes the stage of pumping the wheels. Average pressure standards can be easily found in the catalogs for your brands. Most of them lie in the range from 1.7 to 2.1. The rear wheels should be pumped up a little harder than the front - this will give more stability to the car when driving at decent speeds.

Do not be afraid if, even when driving on a flat road, you feel doubtful vibrations in the steering wheel - this is just the presence of spikes on winter tires and the roughness of the tire surface. The final stage can fit well with the process of diagnosing a descent - collapse.

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Proper installation and uniform inflation of the wheels will help you significantly save fuel, provide ease of control and reduce rubber wear.

As you know, the composition of rubber for summer and winter tires is significantly different. This is due to the fact that the tires have to work at different temperatures. Winter tires “feel” well at temperatures from two or three degrees of heat to thirty or more degrees of frost. Summer - at positive temperature.

Hence the basic rule for changing tires - as soon as the average daily temperature rises above 1-2 degrees Celsius, it is necessary to replace winter tires with summer ones in order to avoid excessive wear when operating at the “wrong” temperature.

But this is theoretical. In practice, there is no need to rush to replace it. The climate in most regions of Russia is sharply continental, and therefore unpredictable. After driving for a week on almost clean asphalt and changing tires to summer ones, you can be disappointed the next morning when you see ice. In addition, more or less clean asphalt acts on public utilities like a red rag on a bull, and they, guided by their internal standards, begin to release watering machines into the streets in the morning. In big cities, this happens all the time. As a result, in the morning all the roads can be a real skating rink, and in the afternoon you can undress to your shirt - on the street +10 - 15!

Do not forget that big cities generally have their own microclimate. Having driven all day on dry asphalt and driving onto the highway, you can easily get on an icy or even snowy section of the road.

Therefore, it is better not to worry about the risk of excessive wear of winter tires and change them to summer tires only when the risk of morning frosts is completely eliminated. For most regions of Russia, this is mid-April.

In no case do not "roll" winter tires in late spring or summer! At temperatures above 4-5 degrees Celsius, driving on such tires is simply dangerous - the tread “melts” before our eyes, and the reactions to the steering wheel become so cottony that it is often impossible to predict the behavior of the car. Naturally, the braking distance leaves much to be desired, not to mention comfort. Listening to the rumble of spikes on dry pavement is below average pleasure.

Another nuance is associated with summer tires. The traffic rules say that the depth of their tread must be at least 2 millimeters. Manufacturers advise at least 4. Therefore, before you go to the tire shop, check the tread depth of your summer tires. If it is close to the critical threshold, and your summer mileage is decent, then it makes sense to immediately buy a new set of tires. The savings on tire fitting will cover the savings on the mileage of a new set, because you will have to pay for tire fitting services once, not twice!

How to change tires?

Almost all motorists are engaged in replacing tires at least twice a year when “changing shoes” for an iron friend for summer and winter. General recommendations for installing tires include compliance with the requirements for standard sizes and installation of the same types and models of tires on all wheels. Combining different types of tires (summer, winter, studded/non-studded) is prohibited. When partially replacing rubber with “fresh”, it is recommended to install a new pair on the drive axle.

Changing winter / summer tires is not only recommended by tire manufacturers, but also dictated by financial feasibility. This is due to the fact that driving on studded tires in the summer destroys the product and is dangerous, as it provides an insufficient level of grip. A similar option is the use of summer tires in winter: rapid abrasion, poor grip.

When to change winter tires to summer?

As one famous song says, every weather is a blessing. Only motorists will disagree with such a saying, since weather conditions undoubtedly affect the use of one or another type of tire. When should you change summer tires to winter tires and vice versa? It would seem, what difficulties can there be: winter has come - we should “change shoes” on the car in winter tires, spring has come - it is necessary to remove winter tires, the first snow has fallen - again we rush to the tire shop. Unfortunately, not everything is as simple as it seems at first glance.

Summer tires are designed for operation at positive air temperatures. Why? The composition of summer tires is such that if the thermometer drops below zero degrees, the rubber begins to lose its elasticity. Such “oak”, as motorists call them, tires do not hold the road well, as a result of which the vehicle easily goes into a skid. A driver who decides to drive onto a snowy road on summer tires endangers not only his personal car, but also his life and those around him. When the first cold weather sets in, every car owner should think about buying winter tires as soon as possible, and also sign up for a tire change at one of the tire fitting stations.

If the first snow and frosts serve as a clear signal to change summer tires for winter ones, then the arrival of spring does not mean that it is time to go to the tire shop. The peculiarities of spring in our country are such that a thaw and snowmelt can be followed by a snowstorm and a cooling down to -15-20˚ C. This means that by rushing to “change shoes” of his “iron horse”, the car owner is exposed to the risks described in the previous paragraph. Delaying a trip to a tire shop is also not worth it. The fact is that winter tires are not designed for operation at air temperatures above + 3˚ C, a car on wet pavement or among melted snow can behave unpredictably. In addition, winter tires of any foreign or domestic manufacturer, be it nokian or amtel tires, overheat at high temperatures. The result is tread wear. It is worth noting that studded winter tires will quickly lose their studs when driving on dry asphalt. Rushing to replace is bad, being late is also bad. How to be? Experts recommend changing winter tires to summer tires in mid-spring, when the average daily temperature is 5-7 degrees Celsius.

Residents of the metropolis are well aware that the queues for tire fitting during the tire change season are greater than ever - a real “full house”. In order to reduce the waiting time and the timing of tire work, some car owners go to the trick - they buy stamped or alloy wheels and install summer tires on them. It will not be difficult in the off-season to independently remove the wheels with winter tires and put on a set with summer ones. Significant time savings, as well as the absence of the need for re-beading and balancing - check the tire pressure, and you're on your way!

Instruction

First, find a place where you can safely and easily change tires. If this happens on the road, first make sure that the surface is level and park the car. If you stop at the curb, then be sure to turn on the alarm and put the car on the handbrake. Get the spare wheel and necessary tools.

Carefully loosen the clamping nut on the bar by turning it half a turn clockwise. Be careful not to unscrew the nut to the end, because the wheel can simply fly off on you. Take a jack and use it to raise the car. First make sure that the jack is in good condition, otherwise you risk raising the car higher than expected or even damaging it.

Once lifted, loosen the nuts completely and set aside. Remember that it is highly undesirable to lose the nuts, because they will also need to be fastened to the spare wheel. Remove the flat tire and place it on the ground. The holes on the spare tire must match the holes on the axle. Make sure the nipple stem is pointing towards you, otherwise you have installed the tire incorrectly. If such a defect is found, remove the tire and turn it over on the ground.

After you put on a new tire, remove the nuts and use a wrench to tighten them. Final tightening should be done with a Torx screwdriver so you can be sure the tire stays in place. Remember that it is better to use a torque wrench to avoid stress on the brake drums. Change tires in pairs, if possible, to achieve approximately the same tire life. Lower the jack and pull it out from under the car. Put the tool and spare tire in the trunk.

Winter is a harsh and ruthless time for the skin of the face, hands and hair. It is during this period that problems may arise that will be difficult to cope with. Temperature fluctuations, frosty wind adversely affect the color, elasticity and softness of the skin, hair health. To avoid undesirable consequences, it is necessary to properly prepare for harsh conditions and care for and take care of your beauty during the winter.

You will need

- sage or chamomile flowers;
- milk;
- olive oil;
- little castor;
- vegetable oil;
- infusion of chamomile;
- infusion of wild rose;
- infusion of licorice.

Instruction

Just before the start of the winter period, visit a beauty salon. Do a deep cleansing peel. Thanks to the use of chemically active substances, this procedure removes dead skin cells and cleanses the pores. As a result, your skin will gain elasticity, complexion will improve, age spots and wrinkles will disappear.

Use moisturizing masks. For example, take 2 tbsp. sage or chamomile flowers, pour 150 g of boiling milk. Leave for approximately 30 minutes. Apply thick flowers on previously cleansed skin. After 15 minutes, rinse with warm water or wipe with a cotton swab.

Regularly lubricate the skin of the face with olive, castor or vegetable oil, use softening honey masks.

Use the services of massage therapists to maintain skin tone. Massage improves blood circulation, promotes skin oxygenation, relaxes facial muscles, smoothes wrinkles.

Update your cosmetic bag, because each season requires a certain set of cosmetics. For the winter period, moisturizing creams for daytime use and nightly skin restoration are useful. To protect your lips, use special nourishing balms.

To soothe and soften the skin after frosty winds, wash your face with infusions of chamomile, rose hips or licorice.

For the skin of the hands, Japanese manicure procedures are ideal, which include the natural restoration of nails and skin of the hands with the help of natural substances and preparations, therapeutic massage and spa.

Protect your hair from frost. Purchase special shampoos and conditioners designed to repair and care for damaged hair. Use various nourishing masks: yeast, honey, oil.

Wear hats and wide scarves. Use gloves or mittens to protect your hands. If possible, protect your skin from sudden changes in temperature: you should not stay in the cold for a long time.

What tools and conditions are necessary for self-replacement of rubber?

This process is quite simple if you do not complicate it with inept actions. You don't need a huge set of tools to do it. You need to immediately think about how you will inflate the wheel, because you need to gain enough pressure so that the car can be operated normally.

Also remember that the rubber and disc must be lubricated to achieve a normal assembly without any damage. Therefore, for tire fitting at home, you need a small but specific set of tools that will help you get the necessary working conditions. Get the following devices and materials to get the job done:

directly new rubber for putting on the disc;
flat mount, which will help to dismantle the old rubber and put on a new one;
soap solution for lubricating the disc and directly the edges of the rubber;
wheel inflation pump - it is desirable to have a compressor available;
about an hour of free time, if you have the skills of such work.

In the absence of skills, you will have to spend about two hours, because each wheel requires some attention, you should not rush in this process. It is necessary to perform a quality installation, make sure that the tire does not let air through in any place. Otherwise, you will have to contact specialists to fix the problem.

It is also necessary to work with tires carefully enough so as not to damage the rubber. You should be especially careful when pulling the tire on the wheel rim. At this point, specialists use special equipment that automatically performs the necessary work. And in the absence of such equipment, the process can somewhat harm the rubber.

The process of dismantling rubber with your own hands in a garage

First you need to jack up and securely fasten one side of the car. Make sure that the car is stable, because if you fall on an unprotected suspension, certain damage can occur. Then you need to remove the wheel by unscrewing the retaining bolts. The installation process is best done away from the car, because when doing work, some tools can fly out and damage the car body.

Next, completely deflate the wheel and use the flat longitudinal part of the mount to push on the part near the rim. It is necessary to tear off the stuck rubber from the metal rim in order to dismantle the old tire. This procedure must be carried out on both sides of the rim. Next, we perform the following actions:

we hook the edge of the rubber with a flat mount and bring it out of the rim;
support the rubber with a large screwdriver or other tool so that it does not slip back;
we take out the mount and insert it a little to the side of the screwdriver, continuing to get the rubber out of the rim;
when the first side of the rubber is freed from the disc, it is necessary to use the mount to bring the second edge out of the rim;
then with the help of your hands you can easily remove the old rubber from the disc.

Be careful when performing this task. Especially if you want to use rubber next year. First, make sure that none of the tools fly out of the rubber and shoot at the surrounding objects. Also, be careful not to tear the rubber or damage parts of it.

With the help of the mount, you can not make too much effort, otherwise such a process will end with damaged rubber. Dismantling in this case is one of the most important processes and complex tasks. Mounting new tires will be much easier and faster.

We install new tires

When the disk is free from the old tire, you can install a new tire. To do this, lubricate the extreme parts of the rim and tire with soapy water. This procedure will help to get a tighter contact and a soft shrinkage of the rubber. The installation procedure is quite simple, it will not be a big problem, however, everything must be done in accordance with the requirements. The installation process is as follows:

lubricate the rubber and rim with soapy water, place the rim in a horizontal position on a solid base;
put the rubber on top, having previously determined the direction of rotation (indicated on the side of the tire);
put one side of the tire onto the rim with your hands, and at the last point use a pry bar for mounting;
then, using the mount, alternately put on one part of the second side of the tire;
the next step is to inflate the tire, during which the tire will fall into place;
next, you should check for the absence of descent and other problems.

To inflate tires, it is better to use an automatic compressor, because a manual or foot pump will have to be used for a long time, which will increase the time spent on tire fitting too much. Remember that whenever possible, after such a replacement of tires, it is necessary to contact specialists and balance the wheels. Otherwise, the rubber will be eaten unevenly, and at high speeds you will feel certain problems with control and comfort.

Of course, our people can come up with a tire changer from an old broken column and do the procedure as follows:

Summing up

To perform an independent tire fitting, you need to have a small set of tools and a sufficient amount of free time. This is a simple procedure, it does not require certain specific skills to perform it. But you can resort to the possibility of performing this task only if you have no other way to replace rubber. This is a temporary measure that will only help to get the opportunity to operate the machine for a certain time.

After a certain period, it is necessary to contact a professional tire fitting and perform wheel balancing. It is simply impossible to perform this procedure qualitatively without specialized equipment. Therefore, it is better to give preference to specialists.