And without delay we proceed to the dismantling of the internal combustion engine!
It should be noted that this ordinary and not particularly difficult operation at Pobeda, due to its design features, is something akin to shamanic dances with tambourines around a narrow and uncomfortable engine compartment! Well, not the first time.
To begin with, we recline everything that interferes with the bottom of the car - cardan, highways, checkpoints, exhaust, and more!
We get a very unusual (for the look of users of modern cars) hole in the floor! This is nothing but the absence of a dismantled gearbox!
We drain all the technical fluids from the motor! Antifreeze, by the way, was such a “luxurious” color.
Well, it's time to disassemble the motor and look into it! We remove the remains of the attachment, the bell, pulleys and so on. Next, we throw off the pallet and see not the most joyful picture - there was so much sealant here and it was piled up with such a thick layer that it’s just terrible! We also see and feel tactilely a gap at the junction of the block and the sleeve on all cylinders ... But this should not be ...
Let's start fine and precise work with the engine:
Washing the cylinder head (cylinder head),
Cylinder head milling,
crankshaft wash,
Electromagnetic flaw detection,
crankshaft troubleshooting,
Polishing of crankshaft journals,
Crankshaft balancing separately and then complete with flywheel and basket,
block troubleshooting,
Troubleshooting the crankshaft bed,
Troubleshooting the camshaft bed,
production of camshaft bushings
block boring,
cylinder honing,
Disassembly, troubleshooting, repair and hanging piston with an accuracy of 0.2 grams.
The result of all the work done was the motor. Still a set of parts, but already ready to assemble! Hooray!
The same fate befalls all the pulleys, caps, filler neck, oil filter, etc., etc.!
In parallel, we begin assembling the engine! We counter all possible nuts and stretch everything with a torque wrench! Along the way, we once again measure and check each installed element!
Before you put the crankcase pan, you have to tinker with it - it was very tired and if you put it as it is, the oil would definitely pour from it like a river, and it doesn’t look pretty at all. We wash it, correct the mating plane, clean off the rust and prepare it for priming and painting!
Well, now the engine is almost ready!
It's time to try it in action, and then take it apart and paint the outside!
Exciting moment of the first launch!
Hooray! Works!!!
We install the engine in the car, connect all the electrics and more! Can't wait to run it not on the floor of the box, but in the car!!!
An unusual car slowly drove up to the store near the bus station, stopping with a characteristic soft creak of “Volgovsky” brakes. While the owner was buying something in the store, people waiting for their minibuses looked at this unusual car with interest. The children were especially impressed. Still, it’s not every day you can see the “Victory”.
In the late 80s, during my childhood, "Victory" was still often found on the roads, not as often as the "twenty-first", but once a week you could definitely meet it. Then they became less and less, and now, to the question of children - what kind of car is this, not all of their young parents can give the right answer. “Victory” was forgotten, people of the older generation remember it, or we, the people in the subject, carried away by oldtimers.
For its time, the GAZ M-20 was a technical breakthrough and a victory for the Soviet passenger car industry at the same time. The production of the car began in 1946, ready-made running samples were presented to the party leadership of the USSR in 1945, in fact immediately after the victory of the country of the Soviets in the Great Patriotic War, and the main development was carried out from 1943, although initially the process of creating a new Soviet "car for everyone" went back to pre-war times, at the end of the 30s. The chief designer who worked on the car was Andrey Alexandrovich Lipgart, the legendary Soviet auto designer, doctor of technical sciences. The lead designer of the project was Alexander Kirillov. Such designers simply could not get a bad car.
According to one of the legends surrounding the car, it was originally planned to be called "Motherland". But when Stalin examined the pre-production samples, and asked about the name of the future car, having heard "Motherland", he asked - why do you plan to sell "Motherland"? The creators of the machine, as they say, understood the “hint”.
Wooden model of the 1944 model, please note that the rear doors of it open against the move.
Wooden model of the 1944 model, please note that the rear doors of it open against the move.
And the victory was that a modern passenger car by world standards began to be produced in the USSR just a year after the end of the catastrophic war, after which the country was completely ruined financially, and many cities, many industries barely began to rise from the ruins. Now it is difficult to even imagine the full scale of the work done by the many people who created this car. The task of the Party was completed.
The supporting body of the “pontoon” type, without protruding wings, was then just entering the automotive fashion even in the West, the aerodynamic performance of the Pobeda body even today remains at its best, and not all cars even of the 80s can boast of such, the front suspension was independent, on levers, there was a spring as an elastic element, the rear axle was suspended on springs. There was a heater in the passenger compartment, although the device was necessary, but the predecessors of the Pobeda did not have it, and there were elements of real luxury at that time - a radio and a clock were installed on a regular basis. Even by European standards, this was considered chic, available only in premium cars. For the first time, standard direction indicators appeared on a Soviet car, although the rules of those years, as well as low traffic, completely allowed for the absence of direction indicators in the design of the car. They were turned on with a double-sided toggle switch, and on the dashboard there were indicator lights for the direction indicator.
Under the hood of the "alligator" type was a four-cylinder lower valve gasoline engine with a volume of 2.1 liters and a power of 52 hp, until 1952 - 50 hp. The gearbox was a three-speed mechanical gearbox with synchronizers at the second and third speeds, but the synchronizers were simple, single-cone, and therefore, when switching to a lower gear, a double squeeze with regassing was not superfluous at all, he saved the gearbox resource very well. Fuel consumption was low for his age, 11-13 liters per 100 km, but acceleration to 100 km / h took forever - 45 seconds, and it was acceleration almost to the maximum speed of the car, which was 105 km / h.
Hydraulic single-circuit drum brakes were also an innovation on a Soviet passenger car; previous GAZ models were with a mechanical cable brake drive. There was no vacuum brake booster on the car, and it was necessary to press the pedal with considerable effort, but the steering wheel, despite the absence of a hydraulic booster, rotated surprisingly easily. The steering wheel is huge by today's standards, but there was enough space in the cabin.
But visibility was the weak point of the car. A tiny interior rear-view mirror, through a tiny rear window, little informed the driver about anything, there were no side mirrors in the standard package, but traffic was then small, now, of course, you can’t ride in a big city with heavy traffic.
At one time, there was a myth about the tinned bodies of the "Victory" of the first issues. It was a myth, Pobeda had neither tinned nor galvanized bodies, but there were cases when stamping defects at the factory were leveled with solder, and when the craftsmen found places treated with solder when repairing the bodies, they gave rise to this myth. But at the same time, it should be noted the good corrosion resistance of the Pobed bodies.
Many design solutions subsequently migrated to the Volga GAZ-21.
During the production "Victory" was modernized several times. The first series was produced from 1946 to 1948 and had a lot of complaints, which were already corrected in the second series, produced from 1949 to 1954. The third series has undergone a kind of restyling - a new radiator lining has appeared, three chrome-plated beams instead of five thin ones, popularly referred to as a "vest", the radio model has changed, it has become more economical.
From the second series, the production of a modification for a taxi began, and from 1949 to 1953 a version with a folding soft top was produced, only about 14 thousand of these cars were produced, most of them were exported, and now they are the rarest collectibles.
The car was exported to the countries of Western Europe, to Austria, Belgium, as well as to Romania, Hungary, Finland, Bulgaria, and was in great demand there as an inexpensive, comfortable and reliable family car.
The majority of Soviet citizens could only dream of this car, even though it was freely available, because it cost astronomical money at that time - 16 thousand rubles. The archaic Moskvich-401 was more affordable, for which the average Soviet family could collect the amount necessary for the purchase in two years. But even with such a high price, the demand for a car inside the USSR was stable and there were often queues. But at the same time, in the 50s, any resident of large cities of the USSR could afford to ride this car as a taxi passenger.
A lot of cars have come down to our days in different conditions, and in varying degrees of “well-groomedness”. The car is popular with both restorers, collectors and customizers, becoming the basis for various options for deep tuning. It also happens that some owners still use the car as the main one for their trips, collecting admiring glances of others along the way.
The illustrations used are the works of illustrator Peter Pereshivailov, artist Alexei Bychkov, as well as photos from archives and open sources.
We are ready to completely restore your car, returning it to its original appearance and technical characteristics.
GAZ M20 began to be produced in 1946 and became widespread - in just 12 years of production, more than 235 thousand cars were produced, including convertibles and taxis.
What does restoration include?
We carry out complex work on the restoration of the machine on a turnkey basis. Restoration begins with a complete disassembly of the car, removing paint from the body. Employees of the company make a list of available parts and, referring to the reference literature, determine the missing ones.
A complete restoration of the body part of the car is carried out, including welding work. If any part of the body cannot be restored, we make it anew, using the original drawings. After that, the machine frame lends itself to sandblasting and troubleshooting. The work is carried out by engineers with experience in the military industry.
The fully restored body is repainted in the colors you choose. At the same time, both modern painting materials and authentic ones can be used. Anti-corrosion compounds provide the car body with protection against rust for 10 years.
We carry out repair and adjustment of braking, steering, cooling systems and other technical units. Worn parts are replaced, all mechanisms are put in order. Each unit is adjusted and tested - so we can make sure that the mechanism works reliably.
Special attention is paid to the engine and gearbox. We are overhauling these units. The engine is switched to modern fuel, after which it undergoes a series of tests using a special stand.
We completely change all the details in the cabin. Depending on your wishes, the salon can be brought to its original form or decorated according to an individual design.
Before handing over the car to the client, we carry out tests to make sure that the technical units are correctly configured and to eliminate possible malfunctions.
Vehicle upgrade
GAZ M20 Pobeda is not suitable for everyday use due to a weak engine, problems with the brake system, rear axle and shock absorbers. If you want to use this car for travel, we are ready to upgrade to eliminate these problems. We can offer you the installation of the following units:
- modern engine;
- running gear;
- active and passive safety systems.
The body of the car with such work will remain original.
Advantages of our company
Our employees are experienced engineers and technicians. When restoring and tuning, they choose the most reliable solutions. Modern equipment is used for restoration work. The car restored by us will reliably serve you for a long time.
1 This is a GAZ-M-20 Pobeda. Now it is completely like new: the turn signals turn on, the wipers work, the radio plays. The car runs but takes a long time to warm up. They say she needs 66th gasoline, but in the absence of such a sale, the engine runs on any.
2 A couple of years ago, this car didn't look nearly as shiny. In an ordinary garage from two pieces of scrap metal, work began on recreating a historically accurate car.
3 Of course, such a hobby is quite common, and enthusiastic people restore not only cars, but also tanks, planes and everything that lies in their hearts. Where do you think all these retro runs, auto exotics and other gatherings come from.
4 And of course, in this case, more than one person was involved in the car.
5 Now that everything is over and the guys are experiencing great creative satisfaction, Anton told us some of the nuances of this interesting activity.
6 -- Anton, what was your role in all this?
- I completely controlled the entire construction process, ordered and searched for spare parts, daily performed the functions of a think tank. In short, how to do it, where to tie it, where to find "this damn thing" - I did this.
7 -- Who else was involved in the project?
- In general, 3 people worked - a welder, minder and assembler. The work lasted 2 years.
8 -- Initially, the idea to recreate a full-fledged classic car from junk belonged to you? Why did you want to do this? How did you know how to do everything?
- Initially, the idea was our father. We began to choose a car that could be restored. The choice was between the Volga GAZ 21 and Pobeda. But the 21st Volga can still be found on the road, and a number of companies are engaged in their restoration, so the choice fell on Pobeda. None of our team has ever restored cars. Everyone learned and started from scratch. We got drawings from the factory, photos on the Internet, spare parts catalogs from the 50s, and slowly began to do everything. Almost no one believed that we could finish the job.
9 -- Did automotive education help?
- Still how, without this it would be unrealistic to do it at all.
10 -- How did you find old bodies and how did you buy them?
- Each has its own story. For example, this car that we restored sat in the garage for 20 years after the owner died. We bought it for a ridiculous 40 thousand (then the program for recycling old cars had not yet begun, from which we probably saved this Victory). Further on the ad, we bought 2 more Victories, one was dismantled and most of it was thrown away, and the other is now in the form of a body after sandblasting, you saw it in the garage on the lift. (see photo at the beginning of the article)
11 -- Where did you get the missing parts from?
- Here everything is individual. Searched for ads, garages. I ordered the instrument panel in Ukraine, rubber bands - in Moscow and St. Petersburg, chrome was made in Nizhny, a number of parts in the region.
12 - Have you shown this car to anyone yet? Didn’t they take you to retro parties anywhere?
- Done a week ago. They didn't show it to anyone, they didn't take it anywhere. The plans include participation in a retro run, autoexotics and a couple of promotions.
13 -- What was your biggest challenge in this project?
- Probably, the biggest difficulty we have now is to restore the documents and put them on record. Of the technical difficulties - the body was asymmetrical due to the peculiarities of production at that time. I had to do almost a surgical operation to cut the rear wing and weld the amplifier.
14 -- It was difficult with tires. I77 tires were installed on Pobeda, which could be in several versions, including the southern one (we have ordinary I77 tires on the front wheels, and southern I7 tires with a different side tread pattern on the rear I7 wheels). Tires can now be found somewhere for 3-4 thousand apiece! Another detail that was difficult to find was the "bird" on the hood and trunk hinges, they were made of silumin and after so much time they simply broke like matches.
15 - Did you choose the color for a long time?)
- No, I came up with the color before the project, I knew how it should turn out. It took a long time to choose the colors. I spent about 2 hours at the picker to choose a decent color combination.
16 - And where is the salon from? It is unlikely that he was preserved in the original. I think it's well made.
- It was made completely original, although almost all the Victories that other people have restored have leather or non-authentic interiors. We have everything in the original, even the fabric pattern is exactly the same as the original Pobeda. The fabric was ordered in St. Petersburg! All plastic is new. The roof upholstery was also ordered 2 times in St. Petersburg, but it turned out to be the wrong size, I had to finish it and finish it manually. But the most difficult thing in the cabin is the decorative window frames with wood-like painting. They were made according to the original technology using a roller and a matrix, and then finalized by hand. The drawing was applied with a thin brush.
17 - Did you plan to get any commercial benefit from this? Or advertising.
-- Certainly. The project is purely commercial.
18 -- So now you want to sell the car?
- I think so, in six months. But selling in Russia is not interesting, there are plans to sell in Europe or the UAE.
19 - Not a pity?
-- Very sorry. Still, so much energy was spent, like a child. But we are starting the second Victory, so there will be no time for pity.
Do not flatter yourself: the alleged "relative dilapidation" may well turn into "complete rubbish." Even despite the "thick iron". Restoring the body completely "in the original", having a not too damaged roof and top of the pillars, is a very thankless task.What are the most important details to pay attention to when buying such an old car?
For everything, absolutely!
If I suddenly decide to sell it,
They buy such a car for themselves not in order to sell it later. Of course, if it is a conscious and hard-won choice...
Approximately how much will a restaurant cost?
In the complete absence of free money, time and divorce from his wife - if any ...
Once, in 1989, a Moskvich-401 had to be restored for a friend, who had arrived back in the capital from a vacation in Alushta, practically "without front spars and struts." He was not a "complete humpback fan", he just needed a utilitarian car for every day, and this Muscovite was once left as a legacy from his grandfather. When we began to disassemble and revise the body, both of us became "quietly ill": there was no point in restoring the cracked parts of the body - they would burst again in the same places or next to the welds. And the reason for this was the recent replacement of the MZMA-402 lower-valve motor with the MZMA-408 upper-valve motor - it is almost twice as powerful. Naturally, the speed has become higher and the dynamic loads have increased, while the roads have remained the same.
An "inadequate decision" was made: we cut off the floor with spars, leaving only the racks and thresholds. We weld a frame from a rectangular box 60x40, which completely repeats the spars and takes on the bulk of the load. As the frame was being made, the question arose: should we slap a checkpoint from the Zhiguli? No sooner said than done: I made him a faceplate at the factory for installing a gearbox on the AZLK-408 engine, since then he already worked "on the coordinate" himself. And the cardan shaft was altered to fit in length and connecting dimensions. Accordingly, the gearbox mounts to the frame were made different than on Moskvich. They assembled a frame with a gearbox and bridges in one garage, rolled it on wheels to another garage, where there was a high-lifted body and connected them together. We achieved the normal closing of the doors, put in new windows, painted the welding spots, put on mastic... Everyone who watched this alteration was satisfied, and especially the owner of the car!
The problems began later, when he wanted to install a Zhiguli engine instead of the M-408 engine, but not some kind, but 2106. No, structurally there was nothing complicated or technically unfeasible. They slightly altered the radiator mount, changed the mount of the motor mounts, adapted the new exhaust system to the body - and the car "flew" again to Alushta. The problems were purely psychological.Upon my return, I listened to his story.
"Early in the morning, after leaving the Moscow Ring Road, two people on the chisel-09 are catching up with me on the highway, the speed is 110. And through the open window they ask," can you go faster?" Shaking the ashes from the cigarette out the window, "but I can ..." I answer, and go into the gap, slightly pressing the gas pedal. After some short time they catch up, now at a speed of 140, and again ask "can you go even faster ". Again the same answer "but I can", again the ashes of the cigarette in the window and again in the gap. Again they catch up, but now they just wink and go further forward. I add a little more gas, catch up and continue to drive parallel in the right lane - at a speed of 160. I hear the question: "what is your motor from?" didn't see..."
I later asked him if it was not scary to "fly" in such a light car with such a powerful engine? "It's scary," he says, "and where to go? I really wanted to" pull "these dudes ...")))And that's all, having arrived from vacation, he seriously thought about buying a Zhiguli, as purely utility machine. The humpbacked Muscovite has long been standing in the garage, occasionally starts up and "rolls" around Moscow, and then back to the "stall". It is not forbidden to have two cars...
