The 406 engine has been in production since 1996. He managed to establish himself as a simple and fairly reliable power unit. In terms of reliability, this engine is not inferior, and in some cases exceeds 402. This engine is the real pride of the plant.
History of creation
The first prototypes of the unit appeared in 1982-84. It was a planned development of NIIT "AvtoProm". During the construction of the 406, Soviet engineers took the sports Saab 900 as a basis. A little later, foreign workers remade the Saab a little, but there are similarities.
In 1990, the 406 engine was already fully constructed. It has finally found its final form. In 1992, a special workshop was launched at ZMZ, where a new family of engines was produced in small batches.
The first experimental prototypes of engines of this family were installed on small patrol boats. Then the 406th seriously interested the workers of GAZ. In March 1996, Volga and Gazelle began to be equipped with these units.
Design
So, the 406 engine is a 16-valve, four-cylinder, in-line gasoline engine. It was equipped with an electronic injection control system. As mentioned above, they were installed on GAZ 3110 and 3302 cars.
This engine has design features. These are camshafts located at the top in the cylinder head. Each cylinder had 4 valves. Engineers have significantly increased the compression ratio. Now it was 9.3. This was achieved by replacing the combustion chamber with centrally located spark plugs and by using a new injection system. Even in the new engine, the usual carburetor power system was replaced.
So, it was possible to significantly increase the power and torque of this unit. At the same time, fuel consumption has decreased, and exhaust toxicity has also decreased. However, among motorists and in articles that were published in reputable automotive magazines, there were rumors and information slipped that the power of the Volga 406 car (the ZMZ engine was also installed on it) was artificially overestimated.
Design features
To make the operation of this power unit more reliable after the increase in power, the following design features were applied by engineers. Let's take a look at them.
Cylinder block
It was made by casting from cast iron, and not from aluminum, as in previous versions. The head of the 406 engine did not have insert sleeves, but was distinguished by higher rigidity, stable clearances. Engineers deliberately reduced the piston stroke to 86 mm. The mass of the piston and pin was also reduced. For their manufacture, more modern and technologically advanced materials were used. Also, the crankshaft, connecting rods and other parts were made from high-quality materials.
Camshaft drive
It is a chain drive failure, equipped with automatic hydraulic tensioners. In the valve mechanism, the designers used hydraulic pushers. Now there is no need for constant adjustment of the gaps.
However, the hydraulics, and the fact that the 406 engine is now uprated, require the use of a better oil. Therefore, now the motor is equipped with an improved oil filter with additional elements for cleaning.
Control system
The complex control of the unit has the functions of controlling the ignition, and also makes it possible to more accurately dose the fuel supply and adjust the ignition angle. Now, with various operating modes, you can get optimal performance in terms of power, efficiency and toxicity.
Engine 406: specifications
So, as already mentioned, this is a gasoline 4-stroke in-line engine. The cylinder diameter is 90 mm. The cylinders have a volume of 2.3 liters. The compression ratio of the engine is 9.3. The cylinders work in the order 1-3-4-2. The crankshaft rotates to the right. The power that this engine is capable of is 110 hp. With. The engine runs on 92-octane gasoline. The power system is carried out by injection into the pipe.
The lubrication system in this unit is combined. Oil is sprayed onto the friction parts forcibly, under pressure. Motor cooling - liquid, forced.
Carburetor or injector?
Many drivers are faced with a choice between two options. This is because old designs are being replaced by new fuel injected engines everywhere. The 406th and 405th units are put on heavy vehicles. They are equipped with "Volga", UAZ, "Gazelle". These cars need power, and this motor can provide it.
Disadvantages of a carburetor
If we compare the 406 engine (carburetor) and its injection relative, then the first one will noticeably lose in terms of power and performance. It's all about the carburetor power system. In this case, the fuel enters the cylinders not forcibly, but as the speed increases. That is why such units have lower power and acceleration characteristics than their injection counterparts. On such internal combustion engines, power is supplied by a forced scheme. At the same time, the injection dose is as accurate as possible. It is calculated electronically. And here the fuel will go directly into the cylinders. If you force the throttle to open as sharply as possible, then the mixture will not become poorer, as it would be with a carburetor. This allows us to talk about the best dynamic qualities.
In addition, the 406 engine (carburetor), according to drivers and owners, is economical. In this case, it is very difficult to adjust the exact dosage of fuel. Many seriously believe that this is almost impossible. In different modes, a different mixture of fuel and air will be supplied to the unit. This will lead to a decrease in power and increased consumption.
However, despite all the negative qualities, this engine also has advantages. This is the reliability of the carburetor. The maximum that can happen to him is clogging. So, it will not be difficult to disassemble and clean the jets, wherever the car is.
Advantages of the injector
As you can see, the 406 injector engine is far superior to its carbureted counterpart in terms of power and economy. However, the main advantage of just such an installation is reliability.
These motors do not need to be adjusted. They don't often refuse to work. There are no jets as a class, so nothing will clog in the power system. Fuel will flow directly into the cylinders. In addition, it is very economical.
But even here, not everything is so good and rosy. The injector has its pitfalls. If the car breaks down on the way, the driver is unlikely to be able to fix it on his own. Numerous reviews speak of this.
The operation of such motors is fully controlled by electronics. Therefore, in the event of failure of at least one of the sensors, this will necessarily affect the performance of the motor. Of course, if it is possible to install imported elements and regularly carry out maintenance, then the 406 engine (injector) will only please its owner.
Major failures and maintainability
The engine is quite maintainable, like all products of the Zavolzhsky plant. The crankshaft can be ground, the cylinder block can be bored. The cast iron head is no longer so sensitive to low-quality antifreeze.
Like many modern power units, this motor requires only high-quality oil. Its design is made in such a way that the unit itself has become very picky. Many drivers often complain about the increased oil consumption on such engines.
Repair of a 406 engine is a costly and very serious matter. Many motorists prefer to give it to specialists. However, all work on the repair of this unit is described in detail in many articles and books.
Conclusion
Although the 406 motors are no longer produced, they will be used for a very long time. After all, it was this engine that was serially installed on such cars as the Volga and Gazelle. Therefore, its relevance will not fade for at least the next 10 years.
The power unit of the ZMZ-406 family is a gasoline internal combustion engine, which is produced by JSC Zavolzhsky Motor Plant. Development began in 1992, and the motor entered mass production in 1997. It was the first to use a fuel injection system.
The ZMZ-406 engine was widely used and was installed on cars of the Gorky Plant 3110 and the model range of the Gazelle family.
The flagship of the family was the ZMZ-4062.10 engine with a volume of 2.28 liters and a capacity of 150 "horses".
The ZMZ-4062.10 power plant is designed to complete cars and minibuses. And motors ZMZ-4061.10 and ZMZ-4063.10 - for completing trucks of small payload.
Engine Description
Previously, the motor was designed for newfangled power and ignition systems, which were controlled by a microprocessor.
This engine was for the first time equipped with four valves per cylinder, with hydraulic lifters and two double chain-driven camshafts. An electronic fuel supply system and electronic ignition were also installed.
The four cylinders are in-line, water-cooled and controlled fuel injection. The order of the pistons: 1-3-4-2.
ZMZ-406 injector runs on A-92 gasoline. Previously, a carbureted version of the 4061 engine was produced, which ran on seventy-sixth gasoline. It had release restrictions.
The unit is unpretentious in service. It has a high degree of reliability. Later, on its basis, the ZMZ-405 and 409 installations were developed, as well as a diesel version of the engine marked ZMZ-514.
The disadvantages of the engine include the bulkiness of the drive, which is explained by its low quality of workmanship and a number of technological flaws.
Specifications ZMZ-406
This power unit was produced from 1997 to 2008. The crankcase is made of cast iron, it has an in-line position of the cylinders. The mass of the engine is 187 kilograms. It is equipped with a carburetor fuel supply system or an injector. The piston stroke is 86 millimeters and the cylinder diameter is 92 millimeters. At the same time, the worker is 2286 cubic centimeters and is capable of developing a power of 177 "horses" at 3500 rpm.
Carburetor motor
ZMZ-406 carburetor (402nd engine) has been produced since 1996 and has managed to establish itself as a simple and reliable unit. This device develops a power of 110 horsepower. The fuel consumption of a vehicle with this engine often depends on driving style and operating conditions. The power supply system of the carburetor unit is quite reliable. With timely maintenance and normal operation, using high-quality lubricants and gasoline, it can travel up to 500 thousand kilometers without serious breakdowns. Of course, with the exception of the crankshaft bore, which is necessary for this unit every 250 thousand kilometers.
Ignition system
On ZMZ-406 engines, ignition is carried out by igniting the fuel mixture using a microprocessor system. For all operating modes of the engine, the electronics sets the required ignition timing. It also performs the function of adjusting the working process of the forced idle economizer. Due to the operation of this system, the engine is distinguished by its high economic performance, the exhaust gas toxicity rate is monitored, the moment of detonation is excluded and the power of the power unit is increased. On average, a GAZelle car consumes about 8-10 liters of gasoline per 100 kilometers at medium loads. However, if you transfer it to propane or methane, the "appetite" of the car almost doubles.
Ignition diagnostic mode
When the car's ignition is turned on, the ZMZ-406 engine diagnostic system automatically comes into operation (the ZMZ-405 carburetor is no exception). The fact of correct operation of the electronics is signaled by a light sensor. It should go out when the engine is started.
In the event that the diode continues to glow, this indicates a malfunction of the elements and parts of the electronic ignition system. In this case, the breakdown should be repaired immediately.
injection motor
In terms of technical characteristics and components, an engine with an injection power system does not differ much from the carburetor analogue of the 405th model.
With proper operation, this unit is no less reliable and practical than with a carburetor, and in addition it has its own advantages:
- Stable idle.
- Low level of harmful emissions into the atmosphere.
- The efficiency of the ZMZ-406 injector is much higher than the analogue with a carburetor, since the fuel mixture is supplied in a timely manner and in the right amount. Accordingly, fuel economy is evident.
- Improved fuel economy.
- Does not require prolonged warming up of the engine in winter.
The only disadvantage of the injection motor is the high cost of repair and maintenance of the system. It is not possible to carry out diagnostic and repair work without special equipment and diagnostic stands. Therefore, to carry out an independent repair of the ZMZ-406 engine injector is a rather troublesome business. Often, in the event of a breakdown in the injection system, a motorist has to use the services of specialized centers for servicing fuel equipment, which can be expensive and take quite a long time. In order to encounter this problem as rarely as possible, it is necessary to produce and fill the car with high-quality gasoline in a timely manner.
Block head
All engine modifications were equipped with one head, which met the requirements of "Euro 2". With the introduction of additional Euro 3 requirements, it has been finalized and improved. It is not interchangeable with the previous model.
There are no idle system grooves in the new head, now their functions are assigned to the electronic controlled throttle. The front wall of the part is equipped with holes for attaching the protective cover of the chain, and on the left side there are ebbs for mounting the brackets of the intake system receiver. The part has pressed cast iron inserts and valve guides. The latter do not need periodic adjustment, since they are driven by cylindrical pushers with hydraulic compensators. The upgraded ZMZ-406 head has decreased in weight by 1.3 kilograms. Installing it on the engine, use a metal multilayer head gasket.
Cylinder block
By improving the ZMZ-406 engine, the engineers were able to modify the crankcase and modernize the casting process. So, it was possible to equip the block with ducts in the casting between the cylinders. Due to this, this element has become rigid, and the head is fastened due to deeper threaded holes and elongated bolts. In the lower part of the crankcase there are ebbs that form the crankshaft bearings together with the main bearing caps. The covers are cast iron and are attached to the block with bolts.
Camshaft
The ZMZ-406 camshaft is made by casting from cast iron, followed by processing and hardening. The shafts are driven by a chain drive. The engine has two shafts, the cam profiles of which are of the same size.
The axial displacement of the cams is one millimeter in relation to the hydraulic pushers. This factor contributes to the rotation of the elements of hydraulic drives with the engine running, which significantly affects the wear of the working surface of the pusher and makes it uniform.
The chain drive of the shafts has hydraulic tensioners that are powered by oil pressure in the lubrication system. The parts act on the chain directly through plastic shoes that are attached to the axles. On ZMZ-406 engines, after modernization, to increase practicality and durability, they began to use sprockets instead of shoes. The latter are fixed on the rotary levers. The sprocket mounting axles are interchangeable with the shoe axles. Instead of an extension of the axis of the upper chain tension shoe, they began to use a spacer, which is fastened to the block with bolts.
The ZMZ-406 engine is equipped with camshaft drive chains. They cannot be replaced with chains that were installed on earlier versions of motors.
Pistons
They are cast from an aluminum alloy and have grooves for two compression rings and one oil scraper. During operation, the piston crown is cooled by oil through a grease fitting in the top end of the connecting rod.
The spherical working surface of the upper compression ring has a chromium coating layer, which contributes to a better grinding of the ring. The second element is covered with a layer of tin. The oil scraper ring is of a combined type, it consists of an expander and two steel discs. The piston is attached to the connecting rod by means of a pin fixed on two snap rings.
Crankshaft
Cast from cast iron with subsequent processing and hardening of the surface of the necks with high-frequency currents. It is mounted in a block on five main bearings.
The movement of the crankshaft according to the axis is limited by the snap half rings, which are located in the flow grooves of the support and the cover of the third main bearing. There are eight counterweights on the shaft. A flywheel is attached to the rear of the shaft, in the hole of which a spacer sleeve and the input shaft of the gearbox are pressed.
Oil
The ZMZ-406 power plant is equipped with a combined lubrication system. Under the influence of pressure, the process of lubricating the piston pins, connecting rod and main bearings of the crankshaft takes place, the bearing points of the camshafts, the valve hydraulic drive, the intermediate shaft and the driven gear of the oil pump are lubricated. All other parts and elements of the motor are lubricated by spraying oil. The oil pump is gear type, has one section and is driven from the intermediate shaft through helical gears. The lubrication system is equipped with an oil cooler and a full-flow cleaning filter.
Closed crankcase ventilation, with forced exhaust gases. So, we have given a detailed description of all components, assemblies and engine systems. The ZMZ-406 scheme is in the photo above.
Attention, only TODAY!
OTHER
To date, motors "Whirlwind" are quite in demand. If we consider their features, then we should ...
Diesel technology has developed rapidly over the past ten years. Most modern cars that…
The vast majority of cars use oil derivatives as fuel for engines. When burning...
Everyone knows that any car uses an internal combustion engine, which consists of a mass of different ...
The crank mechanism is a set of engine parts. The main purpose of this device is…
Many people who are just about to buy their first car do not yet know even the most basic concepts, ...
The VAZ 2107 car was created on the basis of the 2105 model. The new sedan is designed for 5 seats, was equipped with a 5-speed…
Since the middle of the last century, the automotive industry of the Soviet Union has received a big boost in development. Touched…
The 406 engine has been in production since 1996. He managed to establish himself as a simple and fairly reliable power ...
The piston group is repaired in various cases: with significant wear of rubbing parts, as a result of which ...
The power unit of the ZMZ-406 family is a gasoline internal combustion engine, which is produced by JSC Zavolzhsky Motor Plant. Development began in 1992, and the motor entered mass production in 1997. It was the first to use a fuel injection system.
The ZMZ-406 engine was widely used and was installed on cars of the Gorky Plant (GAZ-3102, 31029, 3110 and the model range of the Gazelle family).
The flagship of the family was the ZMZ-4062.10 engine with a volume of 2.28 liters and a capacity of 150 "horses".
The ZMZ-4062.10 power plant is designed to complete cars and minibuses. And motors ZMZ-4061.10 and ZMZ-4063.10 - for completing trucks of small payload.
Engine Description
Previously, the motor was designed for newfangled power and ignition systems, which were controlled by a microprocessor.
This engine was for the first time equipped with four valves per cylinder, with hydraulic lifters and two double chain-driven camshafts. An electronic fuel supply system and electronic ignition were also installed.
The four cylinders are in-line, water-cooled and controlled fuel injection.
The order of the pistons: 1-3-4-2.
ZMZ-406 injector runs on A-92 gasoline. Previously, a carbureted version of the 4061 engine was produced, which ran on seventy-sixth gasoline. It had release restrictions.
The unit is unpretentious in service. It has a high degree of reliability. Later, on its basis, the ZMZ-405 and 409 installations were developed, as well as a diesel version of the engine marked ZMZ-514.
The disadvantages of the engine include the bulkiness of the gas distribution mechanism drive, which is explained by its low quality of workmanship and a number of technological flaws.
Specifications ZMZ-406
This power unit was produced from 1997 to 2008. The crankcase is made of cast iron, it has an in-line position of the cylinders. The mass of the engine is 187 kilograms. It is equipped with a carburetor fuel supply system or an injector. The piston stroke is 86 millimeters and the cylinder diameter is 92 millimeters. At the same time, the engine displacement is 2286 cubic centimeters and is capable of developing a power of 177 "horses" at 3500 rpm.
Carburetor motor
ZMZ-406 carburetor (402nd engine) has been produced since 1996 and has managed to establish itself as a simple and reliable unit. This device develops a power of 110 horsepower. The fuel consumption of a vehicle with this engine often depends on driving style and operating conditions. The power supply system of the carburetor unit is quite reliable. With timely maintenance and normal operation, using high-quality lubricants and gasoline, it can travel up to 500 thousand kilometers without serious breakdowns. Of course, with the exception of the crankshaft bore, which is necessary for this unit every 250 thousand kilometers.
Ignition system
On ZMZ-406 engines, ignition is carried out by igniting the fuel mixture using a microprocessor system. For all operating modes of the engine, the electronics sets the required ignition timing. It also performs the function of adjusting the working process of the forced idle economizer. Due to the operation of this system, the engine is distinguished by its high economic performance, the exhaust gas toxicity rate is monitored, the moment of detonation is excluded and the power of the power unit is increased. On average, a GAZelle car consumes about 8-10 liters of gasoline per 100 kilometers at medium loads. However, if you transfer it to propane or methane, the "appetite" of the car almost doubles.
Ignition diagnostic mode
When the car's ignition is turned on, the ZMZ-406 engine diagnostic system automatically comes into operation (the ZMZ-405 carburetor is no exception). The fact of correct operation of the electronics is signaled by a light sensor. It should go out when the engine is started.
In the event that the diode continues to glow, this indicates a malfunction of the elements and parts of the electronic ignition system. In this case, the breakdown should be repaired immediately.
injection motor
In terms of technical characteristics and components, an engine with an injection power system does not differ much from the carburetor analogue of the 405th model.
With proper operation, this unit is no less reliable and practical than with a carburetor, and in addition it has its own advantages:
- Stable idle.
- Low level of harmful emissions into the atmosphere.
- The efficiency of the ZMZ-406 injector is much higher than the analogue with a carburetor, since the fuel mixture is supplied in a timely manner and in the right amount. Accordingly, fuel economy is evident.
- Improved fuel economy.
- Does not require prolonged warming up of the engine in winter.
The only disadvantage of the injection motor is the high cost of repair and maintenance of the system.
It is not possible to carry out diagnostic and repair work without special equipment and diagnostic stands. Therefore, to carry out an independent repair of the ZMZ-406 engine injector is a rather troublesome business. Often, in the event of a breakdown in the injection system, a motorist has to use the services of specialized centers for servicing fuel equipment, which can be expensive and take quite a long time. In order to encounter this problem as rarely as possible, it is necessary to replace fuel filters in a timely manner and fill the car with high-quality gasoline.
Block head
All engine modifications were equipped with one head, which met the requirements of "Euro 2". With the introduction of additional Euro 3 requirements, it has been finalized and improved. It is not interchangeable with the previous model.
There are no idle system grooves in the new head, now their functions are assigned to the electronic controlled throttle. The front wall of the part is equipped with holes for attaching the protective cover of the chain, and on the left side there are ebbs for mounting the brackets of the intake system receiver. The part has pressed cast iron inserts and valve guides. The latter do not need periodic adjustment, since they are driven by cylindrical pushers with hydraulic compensators. The upgraded ZMZ-406 head has decreased in weight by 1.3 kilograms. Installing it on the engine, use a metal multilayer head gasket.
Cylinder block
By improving the ZMZ-406 engine, the engineers were able to modify the crankcase and modernize the casting process. So, it was possible to equip the block with ducts in the casting between the cylinders. Due to this, this element has become rigid, and the head is fastened due to deeper threaded holes and elongated bolts. In the lower part of the crankcase there are ebbs that form the crankshaft bearings together with the main bearing caps. The covers are cast iron and are attached to the block with bolts.
Camshaft
The ZMZ-406 camshaft is made by casting from cast iron, followed by processing and hardening. The shafts are driven by a chain drive. The engine has two shafts, the cam profiles of which are of the same size.
The axial displacement of the cams is one millimeter in relation to the hydraulic pushers. This factor contributes to the rotation of the elements of hydraulic drives with the engine running, which significantly affects the wear of the working surface of the pusher and makes it uniform.
The chain drive of the shafts has hydraulic tensioners that are powered by oil pressure in the lubrication system. The parts act on the chain directly through plastic shoes that are attached to the axles. On ZMZ-406 engines, after modernization, to increase practicality and durability, they began to use sprockets instead of shoes. The latter are fixed on the rotary levers. The sprocket mounting axles are interchangeable with the shoe axles. Instead of an extension of the axis of the upper chain tension shoe, they began to use a spacer, which is fastened to the block with bolts.
The ZMZ-406 engine is equipped with camshaft drive chains. They cannot be replaced with chains that were installed on earlier versions of motors.
Pistons
They are cast from an aluminum alloy and have grooves for two compression rings and one oil scraper. During operation, the piston crown is cooled by oil through a grease fitting in the top end of the connecting rod.
The spherical working surface of the upper compression ring has a chromium coating layer, which contributes to a better grinding of the ring. The second element is covered with a layer of tin. The oil scraper ring is of a combined type, it consists of an expander and two steel discs. The piston is attached to the connecting rod by means of a pin fixed on two snap rings.
Crankshaft
Cast from cast iron with subsequent processing and hardening of the surface of the necks with high-frequency currents. It is mounted in a block on five main bearings.
The movement of the crankshaft according to the axis is limited by the snap half rings, which are located in the flow grooves of the support and the cover of the third main bearing. There are eight counterweights on the shaft. A flywheel is attached to the rear of the shaft, in the hole of which a spacer sleeve and a rolling bearing of the gearbox input shaft are pressed.
Oil
The ZMZ-406 power plant is equipped with a combined lubrication system. Under the influence of pressure, the process of lubricating the piston pins, connecting rod and main bearings of the crankshaft takes place, the bearing points of the camshafts, the valve hydraulic drive, the intermediate shaft and the driven gear of the oil pump are lubricated. All other parts and elements of the motor are lubricated by spraying oil.
The oil pump is gear type, has one section and is driven from the intermediate shaft through helical gears. The lubrication system is equipped with an oil cooler and a full-flow cleaning filter.
Closed crankcase ventilation, with forced exhaust gases.
So, we have given a detailed description of all components, assemblies and engine systems. The ZMZ-406 scheme is in the photo above.
The ZMZ-406 engine and its modifications have been mass-produced in the industrial production of ZMZ OJSC since 1996, and are intended for installation on GAZ passenger cars, such as GAZ-31105, GAZ-3102 and "". The engine requires professional maintenance due to the complex fuel supply system and electronic control system.
Characteristics of the engine ZMZ-406 2.3 16V Volga, Gazelle, Sable
| Parameter | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Configuration | L |
| Number of cylinders | 4 |
| Volume, l | 2,280 |
| Cylinder diameter, mm | 92 |
| Piston stroke, mm | 86 |
| Compression ratio | 9,3 |
| Number of valves per cylinder | 4 (2-inlet; 2-outlet) |
| Gas distribution mechanism | DOHC |
| The order of operation of the cylinders | 1-3-4-2 |
| Rated engine power / at engine speed | 106.6 kW - (145 hp) / 5200 rpm |
| Maximum torque / at revs | 200.9 Nm / 4500 rpm |
| Supply system | distributed injection with microprocessor control |
| Recommended minimum octane number of gasoline | 92 |
| Environmental regulations | Euro 0 |
| Weight, kg | 192 |
Design
Four-stroke engine with electronic fuel injection and ignition control, with in-line arrangement of cylinders and pistons rotating one common crankshaft, with two overhead camshafts. The engine has a closed-type liquid cooling system with forced circulation. Combined lubrication system: under pressure and spray.
Cylinder block
The ZMZ-406 cylinder block is cast from gray cast iron. On the upper plane of the cylinder block of the ZMZ-406 engine there are ten M14x1.5 threaded holes for mounting the cylinder head. In the lower part of the ZMZ-406 block there are five crankshaft main bearing supports.
When repairing cylinders, two repair sizes are provided: 1st and 2nd. Pistons and piston rings are produced with the same repair dimensions.
Crankshaft
The crankshaft is cast from high-strength cast iron VCh60 (more durable in relation to VCh50), has a full support structure and eight counterweights (two counterweights for each crank for better unloading from centrifugal forces and bending moments).
Piston
| Parameter | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Diameter, mm | 92,0 |
| Compression height, mm | 38,0 |
| The volume of the internal recess, ss | 2,66 |
| Weight, g | 431 |
Pistons according to the outer diameter of the skirt and cylinders according to the inner diameter are sorted into two size groups (1st and 2nd). Piston pin of floating type, pin outer diameter 22 mm, length 64 mm. The whole finger is 121g.
A good, fairly modern engine with good technical characteristics. Produced by the Zavolzhsky Motor Plant. Unlike the previous model of ZMZ engines, namely 402, it already has 16 valves for 4 cylinders, a compression ratio of 9.3 and some more details.
or carburetor have some difference in the index. The injector is designated ZMZ 4062, and the carburetor ZMZ 4061 and ZMZ4063.
However, the biggest difference lies elsewhere. The 406 injector engine has better specifications than its carbureted counterparts. With an equal mass (about 190 kg) and the same volume of 2.3 liters, the engine power is 150 hp, which is much more than the power of engines with a carburetor. (100 and 110 hp respectively). The maximum torque is also higher than 206 n * m, against 181 and 191 n * m for the 4061 and 4062. Such higher characteristics allow you to carry more cargo and more easily cope with bad roads.
It may seem that the fuel consumption of a more powerful engine, that is, a fuel-injected 406, should be greater. But no. Fuel consumption is substantially lower per horsepower. 185 grams. But the 406 carburetor consumes 195-200 grams.
Although the injection 406 engine is better, it has a rather complex power and control system, which requires professional attention. However, with proper care, this engine has proven itself to be reliable, powerful and fast, and usually does not cause trouble for maintenance personnel.
This power unit is installed on domestic middle-class cars. This engine was installed on a large number of GAZ cars and, in particular, on various versions of the Gazelle and Volga cars.
