The vast majority of washing machines have a collector engine. Easier to manage. The reverse is done by changing the switching of the rotor and stator windings. They turn on in one direction - in the other, carrying out a forward stroke and a reverse. Regarding the rotation speed, the parameter directly depends on the power, it is regulated by the voltage cutoff angle. Do not be afraid of new terms, we will consider in detail, at the same time we will show how to connect the engine of an automatic washing machine to a 230-volt AC mains. This is often done in repair shops, in unscrupulous stores you can buy - without knowing - the result of such an experiment. Let's get down to business!
Collector motor operation
For those who understand the principles of operation of a collector motor, starting will not seem like a difficult task. Let's briefly go over to understand the essence of the problem. The figure below shows schematically:
The principle of operation of the collector motor
- The design of the collector motor from the stator windings (rectangle with oblique lines), collector (narrow orange rectangles), brushes (vertical gray rectangles).
- The wiring diagram is given for direct current. The blue line shows the minus (north pole), the red line shows the plus (south pole).
- Along the horizontal row, cross sections of the rotor and stator are given (schematically). For simplicity, the fixed part of the engine is represented by two poles, although in reality there are more of them. North is marked in blue, south is marked in red. If you disassemble the electric motor, you can observe a similar picture with your own eyes. The cut of the rotor resembles the crossbar of a magnetron.
How it works. The engine manifold is formed by sections, which are schematically visible in the figure. The copper drum is divided by insulating crossbars into even rows of lamellas. Each section is equipped with leads strictly on opposite sides of the circle. Accordingly, two brushes are suitable. One for each side. One section receives power, a field appears in the coil. Let's see what this leads to.
- In the upper part of the figure we see the direct connection of the stator and rotor. The field is distributed so that the shaft begins to rotate clockwise. Charges of the same signs of the stator and rotor repel each other, and charges of different signs attract. The section will pass some distance in a circle, the brushes are transferred to the next one, and it starts to work. The cycle is repeated as long as the supply voltage is applied.
- Turning on the brushes towards the stator, the distribution of charges on the rotor is reversed. See what the reverse leads to (lower part of the picture). The motor shaft rotates counterclockwise. As before, charges of the same sign attract, and charges of different signs repel.
To change the direction of movement of the washing machine motor, special contactors (power relays) are used. If necessary, the rotor is turned on towards the stator, a reverse is formed. One thing is important: if the shaft is spinning wrong, change the direction of turning on the windings. And how to do it - we'll tell you later.
Washing machine motor connector
The washing machine motor connector resembles the notorious plastic connector, painfully familiar to computer scientists. Fits easily, but can't be pulled back. Repairmen help hands with a slotted screwdriver. Each half contains more often 10 contacts, some part is not involved. Here's what the pins could serve for (read, it will come in handy when studying):
The circuit is simple, now we are trying to understand the layout of the connector. Easier to find brush contacts. We'll have to ring from the side of the graphite rods. Moreover, the brushes must be removed. Then comes the turn of the stator winding. There should be a resistance of 10 - 30 ohms. Where there is a thermal fuse, this cannot be: either a short circuit or a break. As for the tachometer, the situation will be similar. The principle of operation of the part is usually extremely simple.
Can we find a method to unambiguously understand where the stator is located? Find a copy of household appliances as a whole, you can tell a lot by the thickness of the wires. Connecting the engine from the washing machine is a thick vein. The sensors are connected thin. The second sign is the attitude to the relay that controls the direction of the shaft. Follow the wiring path. Try to guess by the color of the cambric (braid). If the corresponding tone enters the stator, it is a winding. Please note that the colors of the wires of the mating and straight parts of the connector do not match. Why? We believe the question will remain unanswered.
We recommend finding a thermal fuse, if available. The elongated body is hidden in cambric, and the side contacts stick out. There are other designs, with the help of a tester it is easy to find the corresponding pins of the connector. Some of the problems will be solved. Remember that six contacts are required:
- Two windings of the stator, brushes.
- Two pieces to the tachometer (three pieces to the Hall sensor).
A thermal fuse is considered an option in most washing machines. Be as precise as possible with the layout, because applying 230 volts to the speed sensor will not be the best idea.
Washing machine motor asynchronous
They showed how to start the commutator washing machine engine, sometimes asynchronous (or synchronous) comes across. The control is usually carried out by switching the windings, in a fundamentally different way than shown above. For spinning, washing on a separate branch. The starting coil for both directions is one.
Keep an approximate set of contacts for the case of an asynchronous motor in the washing machine:
- The tachometer is always on. Can be replaced with a Hall sensor. Accordingly, two or three connector pins.
- Optionally, two terminals of the thermal fuse go to the connector. Or a temperature relay.
- There is one common wire for all windings. Launchers, workers. You can find it by following the path of least resistance. It is with the specified contact that any other will give the lowest denomination. Except for those where capacitors are hung. Capacitances are connected in parallel with the starting windings to create a phase shift. After the shaft is untwisted, these branches are turned off. If the motor is not capacitor.
- For spinning, two contacts: working, starting windings. The common wire is the same as for washing.
It turns out that there can be more contacts. When evaluating the location of the circuit elements, take into account: the resistance of the starting windings always exceeds the operating rating. The values of washing, forward stroke, reverse are in most cases the same. The electric motor of the washing machine is connected to a 230 volt network (unless otherwise specified by the information reported by the body), the change in speed, direction of movement is carried out by correct switching of the power supply (to the corresponding terminals). Using an asynchronous motor is easier. Until you need to adjust the speed.
We considered how to connect the washing machine engine to 230 volts, you will find a voltage of 400 volts, just take any neutral-phase pair. Typically, the effective value of each phase is 230 volts. It will look like connecting the engine from the washing machine to a regular outlet. If you want to adjust the speed, the method of changing the amplitude works well. Change the voltage. The technique is suitable for absolutely any motors, including asynchronous, collector. Changing the frequency of the supply voltage has less potential.
In some cases, craftsmen manage to rewind the electric motor, having obtained the necessary parameters. Allows you to carry out repairs at the proper level, adjusting household appliances.
If you still have an engine from an old washing machine at home, it's easy to figure out how to use it. You can make a grinder out of it, as well as use an electric motor from a laundry machine and in construction. For example, when creating a house base for an upcoming building, you can make a “vibrator” out of it, which will be needed when the concrete mortar shrinks. It can also be used for other purposes. The engine is capable of turning various nozzles and setting in motion various mechanisms.
Using your own imagination and skills in such processes, you can invent a variety of methods for using an electric motor. And of course, for every use of this engine, you will need to plug it in.
Before talking about connecting a machine motor, you need to understand what it is. Probably, someone has long been familiar with the connection diagram of the electric motor of the machine, and someone will hear about it for the first time.
Types of electric motors
An electric motor is a machine operating on electricity that moves various elements with the help of a drive. Produce asynchronous and synchronous units.
It has been established since school days that magnets attract or repel each other as they approach each other. The first case appears at opposite magnetic poles, the 2nd - at like ones. The conversation is about stable magnets and the magnetic field constantly organized by them.
In addition to those presented, there are unstable magnets. Everyone, without exception, remembers an example from a textbook: the figure shows a magnet in the shape of an ordinary horseshoe. Between its poles there is a frame made in the shape of a horseshoe with half rings. Current was applied to the frame.
Since the magnet rejects like poles and attracts different poles, an electromagnetic field appears around this frame, which unfolds it in a vertical position. As a result, the current opposite to the main case with respect to the symbol acts on it. The modified polarity twists the frame and returns to the horizontal region. On this belief, the work of a synchronous electric motor is formed.
In this circuit, current is supplied to the rotor winding, represented by the box. Windings are considered as a source that creates an electromagnetic field. The stator acts as a magnet. In addition, it is made from windings or from a set of stable magnets.
The rotor speed of such an electric motor is the same as that of the current that is applied to the winding terminals, that is, they work simultaneously, which gave the name to the electric motor.
To understand the principle of operation, we recall the picture: the frame (but without half rings) is located between the magnetic poles. The magnet is made in the form of a horseshoe, the ends of which are combined.
We begin to slowly twist it around the frame, watching what is happening. Until some point, the frame does not move. Further, at a specific angle of rotation of the magnet, it begins to spin after it with a speed less than the rate of the latter. They do not work at the same time, so the motors are called asynchronous.
In a real electric motor, a magnet is a placed electric winding in the grooves of the stator, into which an electric current is applied. The rotor is considered a frame. In its grooves there are short-connected plates . That's what they call it - short-circuited.
Differences of electric motors
Outwardly, motors are difficult to recognize. Their main difference is the rule of thumb. They also differ in scope: synchronous, more complex in design, are used to drive equipment such as pumps, compressors, etc., i.e., working at a constant speed.
In asynchronous, with increasing overload, the frequency of spinning decreases. They are supplied with a huge number of devices.
Advantages of asynchronous motors
The electric motor that spins the drum is the heart of the washing machine. In the very first versions of the machines, there were belts that twisted the container with linen. However, to date, an asynchronous apparatus that converts electricity into mechanical energy has been significantly improved.
More often in the circuits of washing machines there are asynchronous motors consisting of a stator that does not move and is intended both as a magnetic circuit and a carrier system, and a moving rotor that turns the drum. Functioning asynchronous motor due to the interaction of magnetic unstable fields of these structures. Asynchronous motors are divided into two-phase, which are less common, and three-phase.
The advantages of asynchronous devices include:
- uncomplicated system;
- elementary maintenance, including the replacement of bearings;
- periodic lubrication of the electric motor;
- silent operation;
- conditional low cost.
Of course, there are also disadvantages:
- insignificant efficiency;
- large scale;
- little power.
Such motors tend to have a lower cost.
Connecting to a washing machine
How to connect the motor to the washing machine? Features that must be taken into account in order to connect the electric motor from the washing machine to the 220 V network:
- the connection model shows that the motor is operating without a starting winding;
- there is also no starting capacitor in the connection diagram - it is not required for starting. But the wires to the network must be connected strictly in accordance with the scheme.
Each of these motors is designed for 2 mains voltages. There are 2 connection schemes for it.
You can connect an electric motor from a washing machine:
- "triangle" (220 V);
- "star" (380 V).
By switching the windings, they achieve a change in the nominal value of 1 voltage to 2. With the jumpers existing in the electric motor and a block with 6 terminals, it is necessary to change the position of the jumpers.
With any connection scheme, the direction of the windings must correspond to the direction of the windings. The zero point for the "star" can be both the base of the winding and the end, in contrast to the "triangle", where they are combined only one by one. In other words, the end of the previous one with the beginning of the next one.
It is also possible to operate the motor in a single-phase network, but not with absolute efficiency. For this, non-polar capacitors are used. With capacitors connected to the network, the maximum power will not exceed 70%.
Connecting the engine to the 220 V network
If you needed to connect the machine's electric motor to a 220 volt network, then you must take into account the characteristic features of this part. Its features are as follows:
- does not need a starting winding;
- no start capacitor is needed to start.
To start, we need to combine the cable in the motor. We will not use the two white wires located on the left side. They are needed to measure the turns of the electric motor. The next one is the red wire. It goes to the stator winding. There is a brown wire behind it. It is also focused on one of the stator windings. The gray and green cables are connected to the motor brushes.
To show you the diagram connections more clearly, we created the following diagram:
- We connect a single 220 V cable to one of the winding terminals.
- In the next we will connect one of the brushes. Connect the 2nd wire of 220 V to the motor brush of the machine.
After that, you can turn on the motor in the network 220 and check its functionality. If you did everything right, you will notice how the moving part of the engine is spinning and hear the noise of its operation. If everything is normal, then the motor is ready for use. By the way, with this connection, it moves in one direction.
What needs to be done to change the rotation? As you know from the schematic, in order to change the direction of rotation, we needed to swap the connections of the motor brushes. After switching the motor, check its functionality again by connecting it to the mains.
By the way, to make your work easier, we decided to add a video guide that describes the entire process of connecting the engine from the car to electricity.
The method of connecting an engine from a modern car in this article is based directly on the material used, which is shown in the video.
Wiring diagram
Correctly connecting the electric motor of the machine is not so simple. Need a wiring diagram for the motor from the washing machine. However, if you understand how it is done, it will not cause difficulties.
First we need to find 2 pairs of output. To understand where they are, we can use a multimeter. We select one of the winding leads and connect the tester probe. With the rest of the multimeter probe, we examine other leads to find a pair.
Thus, we will find the first pair. These 2 conclusions that have been preserved form another pair. Now we need to understand where the starting and working winding is. To do this, you need to measure the resistance. The starting part has more resistance.
So, we have already found a working winding. Now we can connect the motor using the drawing.
The diagram shows:
- ON - starting electric winding. It is necessary in order to form the initial torque in any direction.
- OV - excitation winding. It is also called the working winding. It is necessary for the formation of a magnetic field of spinning.
- SB - switch (key) for short-term introduction of software to the mains at 220 volts.
If there is a need to change the direction in which the rotation of the motor will be aimed, you will need to swap the software pins. With such a change, the direction of rotation will be reversed.
If you begin to carry out a trial connection and start the engine, do not forget to take care of your own safety and the safety of others, fix the electric motor. This will prevent its strong vibrations and unnecessary movements.
speed controller
The motor from the washer has quite high speeds, for this reason it is necessary to make a regulator so that it works at different speeds and does not overheat. An ordinary light intensity relay will do for this, but a little refinement is needed.
We remove the triac with a radiator from the previous machine. This is the name of an electronically controlled semiconductor device that performs the function of a switch.
Now you need to solder it into the relay circuit instead of a low-power part. This operation, if you do not have such skills, it is preferable to entrust a specialist - a familiar electronics engineer or computer engineer.
In some cases, the engine normally copes with work without a speed controller.
When using a powerful car motor in a new guise, you must remember 2 important nuances of connecting it:
- such installations do not run through a capacitor;
- no start winding required.
- 2 white wires - this is from the generator, we will not need them;
- brown and red usually go to the winding to the stator and rotor;
- gray and green are connected to the brushes.
Be prepared for the fact that in various modifications the wires differ in color, but the principle of their connection remains the same. To identify pairs, ring the wires in order: outgoing to the tachogenerator have a resistance of 60-70 ohms. Set them aside and tape them together so they don't get in the way. Call other wires to find a pair for them.
Possible breakdowns
Now you know how to connect an electric motor to give it a whole new life, but a small incident can happen: the motor will not start. It is necessary to understand the causes and find a way to solve the problem.
Check engine temperature after running for 1 minute. For such a short period, the heat does not have time to go to all components and it is possible to clearly fix the place of active heating: a stator, a bearing assembly, or something else.
The main factors for rapid heating are:
- wear or contamination of the bearing;
- increased capacitance of the capacitor (only for the asynchronous type of motor).
Then we examine every 5 minutes of work, it is enough to do this 3 times. If the cause is in the bearing, then you need to disassemble, lubricate or replace. During the period of further operation, we regularly monitor the heating of the motor. Avoid extreme overheating, as repairs can cause huge damage to the home budget.
Connecting an engine from an obsolete automatic machine to create the things you need in the household is a simple matter, if you decide which home-made unit you need, it is much more expedient to use a mechanism whose motor resource is far from being exhausted.
Options for using a motor from an old washing machine
There are many ideas where you can adapt a high-speed electric motor if the washing machine has already served its purpose. Often on the farm you will always need a device for sharpening knives, axes, scissors. Such a device can be made if the motor is connected correctly and a special grindstone is fixed on it.
If you have construction topics on your agenda, you can design a vibrator that helps concrete shrink. Some craftsmen have adapted the power mechanism to create a vibrating table, which is very relevant for home-made paving
tiles, cinder blocks.
An original and current use of an engine from an old washing machine is possible for agricultural purposes. For example, a fresh grass mill is a good way to feed healthy food to a bird, make preparations for the winter for animals, and dispose of weeds.
The variability of the use of the electric motor is very diverse, the essence of the process lies in the ability to rotate various nozzles, fixtures at high speeds, and actuate mechanisms.
But no matter what ordinary or extraordinary method you choose, you still need to properly connect the motor from the old automatic machine.
How to accurately connect the electric motor from the washing machine
When implementing the idea of reusing a powerful high-speed motor from an old automatic machine, remember two important aspects:
Now it's time to deal with the colored wires located near the mechanism:
- two white wires will remain unused, through them it will be possible to measure the speed;
- red and brown - directed to the winding;
- the functions of gray and green are to feed the brushes.
Direct Connection Algorithm
We supply the first output from the winding with a power source, connect one brush to the next, and connect the second to another core of the power source (naturally, 220V). At this stage, it is recommended to make sure that the motor is working. If you did everything correctly, turn on the device, it should rotate and noise will be heard. But note that rotational movements occur in one direction.
Task: make a reverse, speed controller
You can make the motor turn in the opposite direction by changing the order of connecting the brushes. Now make sure the unit is functioning in this situation. Works? Then everything is done correctly.
If you need an adjustable number of revolutions, you can use the room lighting intensity regulator. But the device requires refinement, since in terms of power it is not designed to control the intensity of engine speed. In order to obtain the possibility of speed control corresponding to the technical characteristics of the motor, you can remove the triac with a radiator from the same automatic machine and solder it in place of a low-power part in the dimmer chip.
This procedure requires certain skills, it is important to prevent overheating of the chips. It is recommended to start manipulations either by those who are competent in these matters, or by those who are more interested in the process than in the outcome.
Often, the motor from the automatic machine quite normally copes with the tasks and without the possibility of controlling the intensity of revolutions.
Motor from an old washing machine: how about it?
Connecting these elders from the world of household appliances is a little more difficult, here you need a tester to ring the resistance of the motor winding and find the necessary inputs and outputs.
You need a multimeter (tester) in robot mode for measuring resistance, paper and a pen. Touching the end of the tester in turn to the wires, look for pairs, that is, write down the indicators. Pick up pairs, focusing on the principle: starting / working. The starting resistance is greater than that of the working one.
Important: the capacitor is not needed to start, as well as in the machine. This is due to the presence of a starting winding. If you want to put a capacitor, the electric motor will simply burn out.
But a start relay or a function button is needed. In the button, the contact should not be fixed, you can simply use the button from the doorbell.
Connection algorithm
220 V must be applied to the working winding. The same voltage is needed to start (to the button), but it is used for a short time, in order for the unit to start rotating. Then the button is released, power is not supplied to the starting winding. If necessary, reverse the winding contacts.
Nuance: the engine should only work on a flat surface. You need a reliable fixation of the device, the best option would be its stationary use. When using an electric motor to sharpen knives, axes, etc., do not forget about safety rules, since the number of revolutions per minute is quite impressive.
Possible malfunctions of motors from the washing machine
Having built the device you need in the household, evaluating its advantages, you need to devote a little time to testing the serviceability and trouble-free functionality in the future.
One of the most common causes of engine failure is overheating. It occurs when the bearings are worn or contaminated. Therefore, respond in time to signs of incorrect functioning of the unit.
If you still have a washing machine motor, then you can figure out how to use it. For example, you can make a grinder out of it. If you fix a special nozzle on it in the form of a round whetstone, then you can sharpen knives, scissors, an ax and other tools.
You can also use an electric motor from a washing machine in construction. For example, when creating a foundation for a future home, you can make a “vibrator” out of it, which will come in handy when the concrete mortar shrinks. It can also be used for other purposes. The engine can rotate various nozzles and set in motion any mechanisms.
Using your imagination and skills in such matters, you can come up with a wide variety of ways to use an electric motor. And of course, when implementing any use case for this motor, you will need to connect it.
How to connect the electric motor of a modern washing machine?
If you need to connect the electric motor of a modern washing machine to an alternating voltage network of two hundred and twenty volts, then you should take into account the features of this part. Their features are as follows:
- They do not need a starting winding.
- You don't need a start capacitor to start.
To start, we need to properly connect the wires on the engine. We will not use the two white wires that are located on the left. They are needed to measure the speed of the electric motor. Next in line is the red wire. It goes to the stator winding. Behind it is a brown wire. It is also directed to one of the stator windings. The gray and green wires are connected to the motor brushes.
In order to present you the connection diagram more clearly, we have prepared the following diagram:
We will connect one 220 volt wire to one of the winding terminals. On the next one we will connect one of the brushes. Connect the second 220 volt wire to the remaining brush of the washing machine motor. As shown in the diagram below:
After that, you can turn on the engine in the network 220 and check its performance. If you did everything right, you will see how the moving part of the motor rotates and hear the noise of its operation. If everything went well, then the engine is ready for use. By the way, with this connection, it moves in one direction. And what needs to be done to change the direction of rotation? See diagram:
As you can see from the schematic representation in the figure above, in order to change the direction of rotation, we needed to swap the connections of the motor brushes. After reconnecting the engine, check its performance again by connecting it to a 220 volt network.
By the way, in order to make your work easier, we decided to add a video instruction. Which describes the whole process of connecting the engine from the washing machine to electricity.
The method of connecting the motor from a modern typewriter in this article is based precisely on the material presented in this video. Therefore, we thank the author of this video and watch it very carefully:
How to connect the motor of an old typewriter?
Correctly connecting the electric motor of the machine is not so simple. But if you know how it's done, then it won't be a problem.
First we need to find two pairs of output. In order to understand where they are, we can use a multimeter (tester). We select one of the winding leads and connect the tester probe to it. With the remaining probe of the multimeter, we will check the other leads to find a pair.
Thus we will find the first pair. Those two conclusions that remain form another pair. Now we need to understand where the starting and working winding is. To do this, you need to measure the resistance. The starting resistance will be greater.
Scheme
And so, we have already found a working and starting winding. Now we can connect the motor using the schematic drawing you see next. The diagram shows:
- ON - starting winding. It is needed in order to create an initial torque in any direction.
- OV - excitation winding. It is also called the working winding. It is needed to create a magnetic field of rotation.
- SB - a switch (button) for short-term switching on of the software to the mains of two hundred and twenty volts.
If it becomes necessary to change the direction in which the rotation of the motor will be directed, you will need to swap the software outputs. With such a change, the direction of rotation will change to the opposite.
When you conduct a trial connection and start the engine, do not forget to take care of your safety and the safety of others. Be sure to secure the motor. This will prevent its strong vibrations and unnecessary movements.
We hope that this entry helped you cope with the independent connection of the washing machine motor. Keep reading our site and have a nice day!
Hello my dear readers. You probably noticed that many "somodelkins" often began to meet collector electric motors from automatic washing machines. But they are in no hurry to put such engines on their devices, not because they don’t know how to connect, but because not everyone knows how such engines drive under load, whether it is possible to adjust the engine speed. If it is possible to regulate the speed, then how, and whether the power of the collector electric motor decreases. And if it falls, then how to achieve it in order to maintain the power of the electric motor during speed control, etc. So today we’ll talk about how to properly connect collector electric motors from washing machines, and consider how such motors behave under load and how they are regulated rpm of this engine.
First of all, it is a single-phase collector electric motor with sequential winding excitation. To operate this type of motor, both alternating and direct current can be used - and therefore they can be considered universal. Despite the different appearance, they have the same device. They consist of a stator with an excitation winding, an armature, brushes, a housing and a tachogenerator. A terminal block is used to output all wires.
The operation of this type of electric motor is based on the interaction of the magnetic fields of the stator and armature when an electric current passes through them.
To make the simplest connection, you can only know the outputs of the stator and armature windings. But how to find out where are the outputs on the terminal block, if their number can reach 10. To do this, we take a regular tester,
We put the regulator knob in the position of least resistance, and we begin to call the windings of the tachogenerator (tachometer), stator and armature (winding resistance from 3 to 200 ohms). I had a motor at hand with 6 leads to terminal blocks with 2 ohm resistances (stator); 4.4 ohm (armature); 165 Ohm (tachogenerator).
Now you need to determine where the tachogenerator outputs are located, for this you need to take the same tester, turn its knob to the variable voltage position and connect it to the terminals that ring among themselves, turning the armature by hand, on the tachogenerator terminals when turning the armature, the tester will show the presence of voltage.
Be careful, on engines, instead of a tachogenerator (two outputs), a Hall sensor is sometimes used (three outputs, determined by the tester at the position of least resistance, the tester first shows some resistance, and then it disappears). The armature leads are determined by ringing between the collector itself and the terminals on the block. Stator by elimination. The connection diagram using the terminal block looks like this: we put a jumper between one of the stator and armature terminals, and we apply voltage to the remaining two terminals. If you are sure that the electric motor from the washing machine is in perfect order, you can connect it directly to the network, and if you are not sure about the origin of the electric motor, then connect the engine in series with the simplest electric iron.
If, during connection, the collector motor slowly picks up speed, and there is no crackling during operation, there is no strong sparking on the brushes - this means that the collector motor is completely ready for operation and can be connected to a 220 Volt network.
And so, having directly connected the engine to the network with a tachometer, we check the speed (it showed more than 12000 rpm for me), after which we try to give it a load (for the load I used a piece of board which pressed on the motor shaft).
I didn’t manage to crush such an engine (the board started to burn), and the speed at the same time fell by half.
There are many ways to adjust the speed on collector electric motors, the speed can be adjusted using LATR, speed control boards from household appliances (vacuum cleaners, mixers, etc.), buttons from power tools, a lighting timer (dimmer) in general, all devices that regulate voltage.
We see that the speed is easily regulated when the voltage changes with such devices. With this connection, a significant drawback appears as a large drop in engine power (at a speed of 600 rpm, the shaft is easily stopped by hand).
Such speed control is not always suitable (it will do for fans and pumps) for widespread use for home-made machines and various devices. In this case, the tachogenerator, which is installed on the engine from the washing machine, will come to our aid. Which will report the number of revolutions of the armature, and transfer them to the microcircuit, and that, in turn, will regulate the power and revolutions of the engine through the triac. Here is an example of a circuit that can be easily repeated at home (more details about the circuit here http://shenrok.blogspot.com/p/blog-page_8.html):
