When they say DirektSchaltGetriebe, for some reason, the dark times of the Third Reich and the Ahnenerbe department, the Higher Unknowns and other occult nonsense of the secret SS department are immediately remembered. In fact, everything is much more harmless. The higher unknowns are fundamentally different synchronized shift gearboxes, the name of which in English interpretation sounds more soothing - Direct Shift Gearbox, DSG. This is a new word in automotive engineering, it was written in the tablets of history by Volkswagen AG and was the first in the world to launch mass production.
Higher Unknowns, or what is it - DSG gearbox?
In the photo - Direct Shift Gearbox (DSG) or a new word in automotive engineering
With all the claims and quibbles about this design, this is the most advanced gearbox on planet Earth. The highest stage in the evolution of transmission, unknown to many and terrible for competitors. Due to the high level of competition, perhaps, all the talk about its failure arises. The DSG gearbox has already raised its pen to sign the verdict on all existing automatic, CVT and manual transmissions. Why did the rest of the boxes annoy the engineers from Volkswagen so much?
A manual gearbox is a well-thought-out mechanism well adapted to modern powerful high-speed motors. With filigree use, it provides accurate and precise gear shifting, a fairly wide range of gear ratios, but one thing is bad in it - you need to constantly work with the lever, and catching the engine speed literally intuitively. Otherwise, with one inaccurate movement, one inaccurate throw of the clutch, the car twitches, comfort is lost, and most importantly - precious seconds and torque. The hydromechanical automaton, it seems, was called to solve these problems, but brought only new ones. Yes, the torque converter perfectly smooths out all the jerks when shifting gears, evens out the traction force, but the price of this comfort is the loss of a huge amount of power, excessive fuel consumption, as a result, the efficiency of this couple, engine and automatic transmission, falls to an unforgivably low level. High hopes were placed on a robotic transmission with an electric clutch and gear shift, but they did not materialize either in terms of comfort or power loss.
DSG Robotic Transmission Video
And the engineers of VW AG were not wiser for a long time. All the gearbox was missing for optimal performance was one more gearbox and one more clutch. DirektSchaltGetriebe, DSG, works exactly like this. While acceleration is in progress and the odd first gear is engaged, the even second gear is also already engaged, but not connected to the crankshaft flywheel. The transmission, in other words, is "pre-selected", which is why such boxes are also called preselective. As soon as the moment comes to shift to an increased, even, gear, it is enough to simply open one clutch and close the other. It takes a fraction of a second, there is no break in the flow of power, the car practically does not feel any jerks and drops in acceleration dynamics, and this is how this was achieved constructively.
The device and problems of the DSG gearbox
DirektSchaltGetriebe is a dual circuit gearbox, which means that it has as many as 5 shafts and as many as 2 clutches. Clutches can be wet and dry, it depends on which engine the gearbox is bolted to and how many steps it has. Such a box can also be controlled manually - using the Triptronic system or paddle shifters, as on most sports cars. In terms of smooth operation, DSG is no different from automatic transmission, and in terms of acceleration dynamics it is not inferior to mechanics with the most experienced driver. And this is an indisputable fact. A lot of tests and comparative tests were carried out, during which the DSG box showed its superiority over the mechanics both on the sports track and in the frequency of gas station arrivals. The difference in fuel consumption during the operation of the VW Golf R32 with both gearboxes, manual and DSG, was no less than 1.3 liters per hundred. And all due to saving torque, and the same Golf R32 accelerates to hundreds in 6.4 s, and with mechanics - in 6.6 s, but at maximum speed the difference in the gearbox is not visible - 247 km / h.
There are two types of DSG boxes - with. Wet clutch has its disadvantages in that a certain amount of engine energy is spent on overcoming the resistance of the oil bath. As a rule, this is a six-speed DSG, and it is installed on cars with higher torque and, accordingly, more powerful ones. DSG6 is installed on Volkswagen and Skoda Octavia with torque above 250 Nm and up to 350 Nm. Only on powerful and large engines does a six-speed DSG make sense. In 2008, Volkswagen introduced the seven-speed DSG7 for lower power and smaller displacement engines. Since then, it has become possible to install these boxes on small-capacity cars with a volume of 1200, 1400 cm³. The 7-speed transmission has a dry clutch, so there is no loss of power due to the oil bath. After 2008, the design of the six-speed boxes also changed. An electric drive was used on the oil pump of the hydraulic system, which made it possible to increase the efficiency of the engine by a few percent.
Problems with the DSG box are noted, judging by the reviews, only when the maintenance regulations, oil changes, and operation contrary to the instructions are not followed. Repair of such a box will not be cheaper than a machine. In the cold season, this box requires warming up, otherwise there may be jolts and jerks when switching from first to second gear until the box warms up. Another disadvantage of the 7-speed DSG is that it is not used with powerful engines. Maximum - 122-horsepower 1.4 TSI with two supercharged or diesel 1.9 TDI with 109 forces. Nevertheless, no one deprives you of the choice - you can buy the same Passat, Golf, Octavia, or Audi as with traditional mechanics, with a hydromechanical automatic machine, or with the Higher Unknown DirektSchaltGetriebe, preselective DSG gearboxes.
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