Problems of determining KBM (discounts for break-even insurance). KBM or bonus-malus under compulsory insurance: what is it and how to check it using the RSA database? What does KMB 1 mean?

09.10.2023

Your length of service (full years)

If you have had an accident

The result may vary depending on whether the accident was your fault.

Within the framework of the law, the price for compulsory motor liability insurance is determined according to tariffs that are approved at the legislative level. It is important to note that these are the same for all insurers who sell protection in person or online.

When making calculations, we take into account the bonus-malus coefficient (BMC). This indicator is determined according to a special table KBM 2020, which has remained unchanged since 2002.

Class	KBM	Increase in price – Discount	Number of insured events (payments) that occurred during the period of validity of previous MTPL contracts
			0	1	2	3	4
			Class to be assigned
M		145%	0	M	M	M	M
0	2,3	130%	1	M	M	M	M
1		55%	2	M	M	M	M
2	1,4	40%	3	1	M	M	M
3		No	4	1	M	M	M
4	0,95	5%	5	2	1	M	M
5	0,9	10%	6	3	1	M	M
6	0,85	15%	7	4	2	M	M
7	0,8	20%	8	4	2	M	M
8	0,75	25%	9	5	2	M	M
9	0,7	30%	10	5	2	1	M
10	0,65	35%	11	6	3	1	M
11	0,6	40%	12	6	3	1	M
12	0,55	45%	13	6	3	1	M
13		50%	13	7	3	1	M

The KBM table consists of several main sections:

class at the beginning of the insurance period under the policy;
coefficient that is taken into account in the formula when calculating;
a class that is taken into account when concluding a new policy, depending on the presence or absence of insured events.

Note! It is worth taking into account that the emergency CBM for a new period is applied only if the insured driver was at fault for the accident.

When the owner of a car or a traffic participant first visits the insurance office to purchase protection, he is assigned an initial - 3 class. It is from him that the calculations up and down the table will take place.

Example #1

After the first year of compulsory motor liability insurance, the insured driver had no accidents. When calculating a new contract, the insurer uses class 4, which corresponds to a 5% discount.

To determine this, follow a few simple steps:

Look at the table for the class under the MTPL policy, which is expiring and needs to be renewed. In this case it is equal to class 3.
Then, in the upper section of the table, the number of accidents due to the fault of the insured is determined. According to the example given, the client drove the car without accidents.
Down the column you should go down to the class that was in effect at the time of insurance and look at the new one. In our case, this is 4th grade.
Look at the first column of the table, where you can see that grade 4 corresponds to a coefficient of 0.95. In simple words, for a year without accidents, the client received a bonus of 5%.

Calculation of KBM according to the table without accidents

Example No. 2

The client traveled for a year and, according to a previously issued form, he was in 11th grade. Over the entire period of insurance, the driver caused accidents three times. When issuing a motor vehicle license for a new term, the insurer uses a BMR of 1.55. It turns out that there can be no talk of any bonus. On the contrary, an increasing one is provided.

To calculate, follow a few simple steps:

The table looks at the class that the driver had at the time of the previously purchased contract. In our case, this is 11th grade.
Afterwards, the number of cases is determined from the upper table. This driver was responsible for the accident 3 times.
Being on the column with the number of accidents, go down to the line with the current class and the new one looks. In our example, this is accident class 1.
The first column of the table defines a new indicator, which is equal to 1 KBM. The client receives a raise of 1.55. It turns out that the insured traffic participant will overpay by 55% of the base cost of the contract for his accident.

Calculation of KBM according to the table for the culprit of an accident

Calculator
overpayments
according to OSAGO

Your length of service (full years)

BMC or the Bonus-Malus coefficient is a coefficient that is used by insurance companies when calculating the insurance premium under a contract. Depending on the presence or absence of accidents, Bonus-Malus can be downward or upward. For the convenience of determining this coefficient, a special KBM table for compulsory motor liability insurance has been created.

Class	KBM	Increase in price – Discount	Number of insured events (payments) that occurred during the period of validity of previous MTPL contracts
			0	1	2	3	4
			Class to be assigned
M	2,45	145%	0	M	M	M	M
0	2,3	130%	1	M	M	M	M
1	1,55	55%	2	M	M	M	M
2	1,4	40%	3	1	M	M	M
3	1	No	4	1	M	M	M
4	0,95	5%	5	2	1	M	M
5	0,9	10%	6	3	1	M	M
6	0,85	15%	7	4	2	M	M
7	0,8	20%	8	4	2	M	M
8	0,75	25%	9	5	2	M	M
9	0,7	30%	10	5	2	1	M
10	0,65	35%	11	6	3	1	M
11	0,6	40%	12	6	3	1	M
12	0,55	45%	13	6	3	1	M
13	0,5	50%	13	7	3	1	M

Check KBM

What do the rows in the table mean?

The cost of the contract directly depends on what class of KBM will be applied under OSAGO.

The entire table is divided into several sections. The first column indicates the driver's class at the time of insurance. A driver who contacts a company representative for the first time to sign up for a policy automatically receives the initial 3rd class. It is from him that the calculation will occur, up or down.

The second line shows the discount, bonus-malus coefficient, as a percentage.

The last column indicates the presence or absence of claims during the insurance year.

How to use the table

The table is very easy to use. To determine the coefficient, you only need to know: what class was at the time of insurance and how many accidents occurred during the validity of this contract. The second meaning is simple, since every driver knows whether an accident has occurred or not. The first value can be found out from the insurance company or on the page.

To verify, you must enter: full name, date of birth, series and driver's license number. After entering personal information, verification will occur automatically.

In order to personally find out the coefficient for the start of insurance, you must contact the office of the company where the contract was drawn up. You must have a passport, a signed contract and a driver’s license with you. The bonus-malus check takes no more than 10 minutes.

After you find out your class, you need the 2020 KBM OSAGO table to determine the value. In the first column of the table you need to find your class. The second column will reflect the discount, or increasing factor, that was used when calculating the premium under the contract. Next, the bonus malus for the next year is determined. If there are no payments, he moves down one line in the table. If there were accidents, he moves up the table, depending on the accidents.

An example of calculating the KBM from the table

Here are two examples for your attention. In the first case, the driver drove for a year without any losses, in the second the driver had accidents. Let's look at how the driver class KBM table works in the absence and presence of insured events.

Sergey Petrovich Ivanov contacted the insurer on November 11, 2015. At the time of execution of the contract, the driver was assigned class 9 of the KBM, namely a 30% discount on the base tariff under the policy. It turns out that the client has already used the services of the insurance company more than once and each received 5% for an accident-free ride.

Example #1: No accidents

A year later, Sergei Petrovich again turned to the insurance organization to obtain a new contract. As before, the client had no accidents, and the employee provided a reduction bonus for an accident-free year. To determine this, she used the “Bonus-Malus” table according to OSAGO.

Sergei Petrovich was in 9th grade, moving along this line to the right, in the table, the insurance agent looked at the new class, with the number of insured events “0”. After 9 comes 10, which corresponds to a discount of 0.65 or 35% to the final cost of the insurance contract. It turns out that under the new contract he will receive a discount of 35%.

Example No. 2: There are three accidents

A year later, Sergei Petrovich again turned to a representative of the insurance company to draw up a new contract. Unfortunately, over the past year the client had 3 accidents that were his fault. In this regard, the client did not expect a good discount.

Sergei Petrovich was in 9th grade. Moving along the line, you need to look at the new coefficient, which is assigned to the driver who has had 3 accidents. The new class that an emergency driver receives is 1 or an increasing factor of 1.55. It turns out that the client must pay an increased insurance premium.

KBM with unlimited insurance

If a policy has been issued that provides for an unlimited number of persons allowed to drive a vehicle, then the question arises: bonus-malus class, how to find out? In this case, the bonus is calculated according to the owner of the car.

The coefficient for the owner is determined in the same way as for the driver. The only thing worth taking into account is that the discount on a car by owner is assigned to a specific car and does not apply to others.

For example, you have signed a contract for a VAZ 2110 car for several years in a row, without accidents, and have earned the maximum class of 50%. When purchasing a new car, Kia Ria, subject to an unlimited number of persons, according to OSAGO, you will be assigned an initial indicator of 3. It turns out that a new car means a new system of discounts.

As all motorists are well aware, our country has long had a system of compulsory automobile civil liability insurance, or OSAGO. In particular, it suggests that driving without having the appropriate insurance policy is prohibited. Therefore, naturally, everyone who owns a vehicle and intends to use it has to purchase it.

Naturally, everyone wants to buy a cheaper policy, and this is quite possible to do if you know exactly your own bonus-malus ratio or BMR. Exactly what a KBM is, what it depends on, and how to determine your KBM will be discussed in this article.

Before talking about what KBM is, you need to understand the concept of driver insurance classes. The fact is that all civilized countries have their own systems, according to which when purchasing car insurance, length of service and driving experience are taken into account: the higher they are, the less you have to pay for the policy. This approach is quite logical, since the likelihood of a traffic accident being committed by a person who has been driving cars for many years and doing it almost flawlessly in terms of compliance with traffic rules is significantly lower than the likelihood of a novice committing a traffic accident. In Russia, for some time now, a similar system has also existed, which is based on such a concept as driver class.

According to the current system of compulsory motor third party liability insurance (MTPL), each driver belongs to a certain insurance class. The lowest (that is, a novice driver who has absolutely no experience and has just received his license) is designated by the letter “M”, and all the rest belong to classes numbered 1 to 13.

The principle of assigning these same classes and moving from lower to higher ones, which provide lower fees for compulsory motor third party liability insurance, is quite simple and quite obvious: with increasing driving experience and experience, the “class” increases annually, provided that the driver does not apply to insurance companies for payments according to policies. This means that he drives accident-free, and therefore, as already stated above, it is quite logical that he should pay less for insurance. As for the gradation of discounts on MTPL policies depending on the class, for each of them a corresponding BMR is established, which determines their size.

BMC or bonus-malus coefficient- this is a coefficient that directly affects the price of an MTPL policy. Depending on the driver’s accident rate, this coefficient can be either decreasing or increasing.

KBM works in such a way that every year of accident-free driving provides an additional 5% discount on the OSAGO policy. Thus, for example, for drivers belonging to the second class, the BMR is 0.95 (that is, a 5% discount), for the third class it is 0.9 (10% discount). For motorists belonging to the last, highest, thirteenth class, the BMR is 0.5 (that is, a 50% discount).

The current system also provides for the downgrading of a driver if he commits a traffic accident. Accordingly, the BMR increases and the price of insurance increases. It is characteristic that if the reduction in the cost of an insurance policy in accordance with the MSC is carried out only gradually, on an annual basis, then its increase in price when accidents occur and applications to insurance companies for compensation occurs almost immediately, that is, after the fact.

How to find out your KBM under OSAGO using the RSA database?

You can find out your KBM at any time. To do this, you just need to go in and enter your data. The fact is that in Russia there is already a database where all holders of domestic driver’s licenses are entered and each of them is assigned the appropriate class. Therefore, to obtain a KBM on the website, you just need to indicate your last name, first name, patronymic, date of birth and driver’s license number.

Once the information is processed, all data relating to the insurance history of the person in whose name the request is made will become available. It should be noted, however, that simply finding out your class is not enough to find out exactly how much you will have to pay for your next MTPL insurance policy. To do this, you should take into account your current KBM and accident rate.

How to find out your KBM for next year?

This can also be done based on data on the current class and KBM, which can be obtained on the website of the Russian Union of Auto Insurers. It is necessary to carry out all the actions described above, and after that, determine the CBM and, accordingly, the amount that will have to be paid for compulsory motor liability insurance for a certain period of time.

As mentioned above, in Russia there is a system in which insurers both reward drivers for accident-free driving and “punish” them for accidental driving. Thus, in order to determine your CBM, which will come into force in a certain period of time, in addition to your current class, you need to take into account the number of insurance payments, and for the entire period of validity of previous MTPL contracts.

All relationships between the number of payments and the driver’s current class, which affect his BMR and, ultimately, determine the values of this coefficient, are summarized in a special table, which can be viewed below.

Class	KBM	The class that will be assigned taking into account the accident
Class	KBM	0 Road accident	1 Road accident	2 Road accident	3 Road accident	4 Road accident
M	2,45	0	0	M	M	M
0	2,3	1	M	M	M	M
1	1,55	2	M	M	M	M
2	1,4	3	1	M	M	M
3	1	4	1	M	M	M
4	0,95	5	2	1	M	M
5	0,9	6	3	1	M	M
6	0,85	7	4	2	M	M
7	0,8	8	4	2	M	M
8	0,75	9	5	2	M	M
9	0,7	10	5	2	1	M
10	0,65	11	6	3	1	M
11	0,6	12	6	3	1	M
12	0,55	13	6	3	1	M
13	0,5	13	7	3	1	M

On this table you need to find a line with your current class and KBM, and then find a cell corresponding to the number of your accidents.

Due to the fact that recently there have been big problems with the purchase of compulsory insurance policies, you can buy compulsory motor liability insurance online.

Before purchasing, we recommend that you calculate the cost of an MTPL policy using a 2020 calculator. Our calculator will not only calculate the price of the policy for you, but will also show you the most advantageous offers from various insurance companies.

An example of calculating the KBM for accident-free driving

With accident-free driving and no insurance payments, the driver’s class increases by one point every year. In this case, the BMF decreases according to the table.

For example, a class 6 policyholder has a coefficient of 0.85. After a year of accident-free driving (only accidents that occurred through his fault are taken into account), he will receive category “7” with a multiplier of 0.80.

An example of calculating KBM in case of accidents

Calculating the KBM in the presence of accidents is just as easy. If a motorist has four or more traffic accidents in a year, then the class drops to the lowest point “M”. If one to three accidents are initiated, then the KBM table is used to calculate the category.

For example, a class 10 policyholder with a multiplier of 0.65 caused two accidents in one year. As a result, his category dropped 7 points to “3” with a coefficient of 1.

The class is downgraded only in cases where the driver is at fault in an accident.

How does the KBM affect the amount of contributions?

The Bonus-Malus coefficient can both reduce and increase the cost of compulsory motor liability insurance.

This happens as follows. The basic cost of the contribution is multiplied by the value of the KBM. When the coefficient is greater than zero (categories “M” and 0-2), the price increases. When it is less than zero (categories 4-13), the driver is given a discount. In third class, the base fare does not change.

How to calculate KBM with unlimited insurance

“Bonus-Malus” with open insurance, that is, without restrictions on the number of drivers, is equal to the value of the car owner’s BMI. It changes according to the same rules as for a regular policy, but the discount applies only to a specific car.

Let's say you are the owner of a Nissan car and have issued an open MTPL for it. After a few years you got category 10 and a 35% discount. Despite the fact that people with other classes - smaller or larger - can also drive vehicles, your indicator is used to calculate the cost of contributions. But when buying a second car, for example, Renault, you will have to earn a discount “from scratch,” from third class, regardless of what category the Nissan had.

At the same time, another special multiplier is used for open MTPL. In 2019 it is 1.87. This means that unlimited insurance will be 80% more expensive than regular insurance (not taking into account other factors).

and in the Memo of the Ministry of Finance for policyholders, defines the main characteristics of the KBM:

information about the insured event for which compensation was made,
the time of making the compensation coincides with the validity period of the previous MTPL agreement,
data on insurance payments are recorded in the AIS OSAGO, which is supervised by RSA.

If all three conditions are met, the driver's experience affects the price of the insurance policy.

Where is indicated in the policy

The legislation does not regulate the recording of KBM in the MTPL policy. The standard policy form approved by the Government does not contain additional fields for KBM, even in section 3, which lists persons approved to drive a vehicle.

The absence of KBM in the policy is quite logical - otherwise all the coefficients that influence the calculation of the insurance premium would have to be rewritten. Some insurance companies prescribe KBM for all drivers, putting it in parentheses after indicating the personal data.

Initially, when filling out an application for concluding a compulsory motor liability insurance agreement, the policyholder enters all the coefficients assigned in previous years in section 7. This is enough for reconciliation with the RSA data.

Some insurance companies still prefer the principle of transparency to the MSC. And they enter it either opposite each driver in section 3 of the policy, or in section 8 - “special notes”.

What does it depend on

KBM - bonus-malus coefficient - a concept with a literal translation from Latin “good - bad”, “many - little”. KBM is both a system of reward and punishment.

If the driver drives the car carefully, does not get into accidents, and does not cause material harm to others, he saves the insurance company money because it does not have to make insurance payments. Accordingly, his exemplary legal behavior should be encouraged by providing a benefit (discount, bonus) for paying for the next insurance under the MTPL program.

If the driver’s behavior on the road is dishonest, illegal, indifferent to the life, health and property of other road users, the company performs additional work and bears the cost of insurance compensation for accidents. The price of insurance for the next year increases in proportion to the risk of payments, regardless of the insurer's company. This function of the KBM is punitive and educational (malus).

In addition to the number of insurance payments, the coefficient is influenced by:

The term of the MTPL contract according to the KBM law is calculated only for contracts concluded for 1 year,
The number of drivers allowed to drive vehicles. An MTPL agreement with restrictions means that the car can be driven by any driver from the list. Therefore, for the calculation, the maximum KBM.

Table

To use the KBM table correctly, you need to know:

the number of insured events with payments during the period of validity of the previous contract. In this case, all payments for one case are summed up.
the class that was determined at the beginning of the previous contract.

Application of KBM

The KBM is tied to the driver, not the car. Each subsequent KBM is established on the basis of information about the driver’s insurance history, taken from documents or from the AIS OSAGO.

In case of early termination of compulsory motor liability insurance and the conclusion of a new one, the CBM calculated under the terminated contract is applied.

The calculation of the CBM also depends on the form of the MTPL agreement.

If the list of drivers in the policy is limited, the KBM is prescribed (in the contract) for each of them. But for the formula for calculating the insurance premium, the worst (largest) coefficient is taken. If information about drivers’ driving classes is unknown, then a BMC of 1 is automatically assigned.

Example

In January 2015, 3 drivers are included in the policy. Both of them have 3 years of accident-free driving. The third KBM at the end of 2013 was 0.95, and in 2014 3 insured events with payment were recorded. To calculate the price of compulsory motor insurance, the last driver’s KBM will be used, which in 2015 was 1.55.

If the old contract did not limit the circle of drivers, but the new one did, then provided that

no payments were made in the previous period,
the policyholder is the owner,
the insurance company must apply the reduced BMR.

If the car can be driven by drivers whose circle is unknown and not limited at the time of concluding the contract, then the class is assigned only to the owner of the vehicle. Accordingly, the entire history of payments for insured events “falls” entirely on him. Payments for violations of other drivers will spoil the owner’s KBM for the next year.

When concluding an unlimited MTPL, the KBM is assigned according to the last agreement. If there is no data in the AIS, then the BMR is calculated according to class 3 and is equal to – 1.

If the old contract is limited and the new one is not, then the KBM is assigned according to the last class of the vehicle insured. If the class cannot be determined, class 3 is assigned and the full KBM tariff without discounts and surcharges equal to 1 is applied.

The reason for the decrease in BMR

Important

Reducing the BMI is the use of preferential insurance conditions, i.e. discount compared to the previous period.
An increase in KBM is, on the contrary, an increase to the last coefficient.

You can make OSAGO more profitable in the following cases:

Accident-free driving during the validity period of the old policy. The discount will be 5% for each year.
Concluding an unlimited contract, in which the owner of the vehicle has a lower KBM than the driver. However, the benefit will be limited only by the cost of the policy, given in the AIS OSAGO.
Loss of the entire MTPL insurance history, or a break in driving since 2011 (from this moment on, centralized recording is carried out in the AIS MTPL), provided the BMR is higher than 1.

There are several situations in which, when concluding a new contract, the insurer can apply an increased BMI to the driver:

If there are insurance payments for accidents for the previous period,
When concluding a contract for a limited number of drivers, the reduced KBM is calculated, i.e. applies only when calculating the price of the policy. In this case, your personal KMB will not change.
If there is no data in the AIS OSAGO about the driver’s previous class, the driver will be automatically assigned KBM-1. So, if in the previous year the BMP was lower and there were no accidents, the driver will lose up to 50% discount (for 12th grade).

If the KBM is incorrect

Since 2015, the procedure for changing the KBM in OSAGO has been simplified. You can check your insurance history through the services on the RSA portal. If the policyholder discovers that the calculated BMI is incorrect, he directly contacts his insurance company with a request to change the coefficient. The employee checks the information in the system and corrects the error.

It is worth remembering that RSA does not have the authority to enter data into the AIS OSAGO system; it only provides technical support. The data in the system is up to date: by law, the insurer is required to enter data on conclusion, renewal, change, termination and others. Missing data is also included, regardless of how long ago it was. Lost ones cannot be restored.

Application for recalculation

An application for recalculation of the insurance premium is submitted directly to the insurance company (to the sales office and a copy with a mark of acceptance to the head office). There is no specific form, so the content is free.

It is necessary to reflect the fact that an incorrect KBM is indicated in the policy,
attach a copy of the extract from the AIS OSAGO from the RSA website, where the correct KBM is registered.
Copy of driver's license, STS,
Provide your passport details and postal address.

The consideration period is 30 days according to the law on consideration of appeals. If the insurance company refuses to recalculate the premium and make changes to the BMR, you should contact the Central Bank.

How long does KBM last?

The established bonus-malus coefficient is valid

During the validity period of the MTPL agreement, under which the next class is assigned to the driver,
Upon reaching grade 13 and subject to accident-free driving in the future - indefinitely.

The bonus-malus coefficient is the only opportunity for a driver to influence the cost of compulsory motor liability insurance through lawful behavior. Perhaps in 2017, at the suggestion of the RSA, the legislative framework and by-laws will change to improve the situation for vehicle owners. Until this happens, do not break the rules and track your insurance history through the AIS OSAGO service.