Which replaced the carburetors. One can argue endlessly about the advantages and disadvantages of it, since there are adherents of both among motorists, and today we will talk about how the injector works. This knowledge will be useful to all motorists whose car is equipped with this node. It never hurts to know how the injector functions and what elements it consists of, as situations may arise that require its repair.
About nozzles and the principle of operation
In fact, an injector in a car is a nozzle that serves to spray not only liquids, in our case, fuel, but also gas. For the first time, this technology was applied back in 1951, but for a long time it was not used in the automotive industry due to its complex design.
Already at the end of the last century, injectors began to spread widely, since the performance of these systems in many respects exceeded the already familiar carburetors. As a result, already in the first decade of this year, this system almost completely ousted carburetors from the market. Many modern cars are equipped with a spray-injector.
How it works?
The injector serves to supply the fuel mixture exclusively through direct fuel injection, which is carried out through one or more nozzles. Fuel enters initially into the intake tract of the engine or directly into the working cylinder of the power unit. All cars equipped with such an innovative power system are called injection cars. The classification of such an injection always depends strictly on the principle of operation, the location of the node, and the number of nozzles. As for mono-injection, this system is notable for the fact that the mixture is carried out exclusively by one nozzle in all working cylinders of the internal combustion engine.
Most often, such an innovative car engine power system is mounted on, that is, on the place where a device such as a carburetor was usually installed. In the automotive industry, this system is no longer in demand and is considered obsolete. Many modern machines are equipped with systems, that is, there is one nozzle for each cylinder.
It is noteworthy that the injection can be simultaneous, that is, the fuel mixture through the injectors will simultaneously enter the cylinders, as well as pair-parallel, when the mechanical drive opens the injectors in pairs.
In this case, one of the injectors fires on the injection, and the other on the outlet. Most often, this type of injection is used at the stage of starting the power unit, as well as in case of malfunctions of the camshaft position sensor.
The principle of operation of the injector of any car is always based on the use of signals coming to the injectors from the microcontroller, and they read data from numerous electronic sensors. They collect data on the intensity of rotation of the crankshaft, instantaneous air consumption, engine temperature, and throttle position.
The central controller processes all this data and only then determines how exactly to supply fuel and when to do it, as well as control the ignition of the fuel mixture. It follows from this that the system of a modern injector is constantly changing the algorithm of operation, taking into account the readings of numerous sensors.
What does an injector include?
- A fuel pump is a device that pumps fuel from a tank under pressure;
- Electronic control unit - a device that controls the injection based on sensor data;
- A device for forcing a certain pressure on the nozzles;
- A set of nozzles or one mono nozzle;
- Sensor package.
The principle of operation of the injector and its device is extremely simple and clear, however, there are also characteristic features that all fans of carburetor injection refer to as disadvantages. For example, the cost of individual injector units is quite high, which causes many complications at the stage of system repair. In general, the maintainability is low here, and the requirements for the quality of the fuel mixture are very high.
It is possible to diagnose injector malfunctions, but this requires special equipment, the cost of which is also high.
You can talk about how the injector works in a car for a long time if you delve into the operation of each sensor and the central controller. It is worth noting that in all auto settings the power system is radically different, so they cannot be generalized.
About the main problems
The main problem lies in the constant failure of various sensors. Mechanical repairs cannot always help, since such equipment is, by and large, microcontrollers. For example, the DMRV sensor, which determines the instantaneous air flow, often fails. This phenomenon can be determined by the warning light on the instrument panel, the decrease in acceleration dynamics, as well as the difficulties with starting the power unit when it is warmed up.
It also makes sense to use diagnostic equipment for the car whenever possible. By visual inspection, it is not always possible to identify a malfunction. If you have a spare analog at hand, then you should try to install it. When the DMRV is disconnected from the network, the motor starts to work in emergency mode. If at the same time the motor will work in the same way as it worked, then the sensor will definitely be replaced.
We can definitely say that the global transition from carburetor injection to injectors turned out to be very successful, despite the numerous shortcomings of this technology. Many today refuse, preferring the injector, as it is much more reliable.
Why choose an injector?
The device of this system is not clear to everyone, but many motorists are inclined to believe that the fuel consumption of a car with an injector is lower. In practice, this rarely happens, since injectors were originally installed not for economy, but in order to ensure uniform injection of the fuel mixture into all cylinders and at a strictly defined moment.
If this car power system starts to work incorrectly over time, then its repair can be quite expensive, since the arrangement of sensors and injectors is quite complicated. Many details are simply not recoverable.
Conclusion
As a result, you have to spend a lot of money on their replacement in a car service. Car injectors can have a different design and size, and from time to time they need to be cleaned, since the quality of fuel in our country is quite low.
The device of the nozzles is such that it is much more difficult to clean them than the same carburetor, so you will not be able to cope with this work on your own. As you can see, there are a lot of shortcomings and difficulties here, but only motorists still prefer the injector. When the system is working properly, and the condition of the car's engine is satisfactory, then no problems will arise. Fuel consumption may not be minimal, but will become stable.
