In a huge and thick 26" rim, 4mm thick spokes like a motorcycle. Great for heavy tricycles, cycle rickshaws, fat-bikes....
The controller is included (Polaris, 12 transistors, current up to 40 amperes, voltage up to 60 volts), if you want to buy without it, then the price is 3000 rubles cheaper!
A few words about Shkondin himself and the history of his invention: Click this link to download Shkondin's patent on the "motor-wheel of Shkondin". This is a wheel, in the center of which is a DC collector motor:
At Shkondin, each winding is "by itself". In the picture we see 6 electromagnets (EM), they are combined into 3 pairs of diametrically opposite EMs. Each pair has its own brushes.
When the EM poles are opposite the magnets, then the force of their interaction is directed radially and there is no point in wasting electricity on this force. There's a pause here.
When the EMs are moved a little to the side, there is a tangential force that is useful. Then we apply current to the windings.
Efficient use of "pauses" allows you to power the EM in "energy-favorable" positions. This gives both energy savings and high torque.
In the patent, Shkondin directly indicates the essence of his invention: " ...which allows, due to the placement of permanent magnets on the rotor, to simplify the design, increase power and speed due to the supply of more current and improve the thermal regime.".
In other words, the main word in invention is "simplify" the control of the collector motor.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Our engine "modern motor-wheel Shkondin" completely repeats the essence of the invention, but at the current level of development of technology, when modern microprocessor control through a controller is used instead of a collector and brushes.
In the same way as in the wheel of Shkondin invented in 1984, here are the same three independent windings and in the same way, depending on the angle of rotation, one winding is always off!
Recall the scope of such a motor-wheel, there are two options:
1. If you want to drive very fast, for this you need to apply about 80-100 volts to the wheel.
2. If you want to drive very slowly, you need constant start-stop, uphill or very low speed driving. Then 36-48 volts is enough and you can never overheat (or otherwise) break this motor-wheel.
But if you do not have 100 volts and if you do not need a constant "start-stop" .... then there is no point in buying this wheel!
For a simple and uniform movement on asphalt, it is much better suited
It is a pulse-inertial electric wheel, and is the most important invention of the Russian scientist Vasily Vasilyevich Shkondin, who devoted more than 20 years of his life to its creation and implementation in electric transport.
History of recognition
A journalist by education and an engineer by vocation, V. Shkondin set himself the task of creating a motor-wheel for a bicycle that would surpass all those that existed before in terms of performance. In the 1980s, a working model of such a wheel was assembled. The electric wheel had a small size and weight, high torque, and also had only one rotating part. This invention can also be called revolutionary because Shkondin for the first time managed to establish the perfect balance between an electric wheel and a bicycle. Unfortunately, after he received the title of "Person of the Year" at the Brussels Salon of Inventions in 1990 and a gold medal for the model of an electric wheelchair he developed, as well as many awards at other foreign exhibitions and patents, commercial interest in Russia to his motor-wheel no one showed up. As a result of unsuccessful attempts to promote his offspring in his homeland, in 1992 the author patented this invention in the United States, and continued to search for investors abroad. As a result, in the mid-90s, the assembly of electric bicycles from MK Shkondina in Cyprus was established. But real recognition and success came only in 2003 - Flintstone Technologies (Great Britain) became interested in the invention, which decided to finance the production of electric vehicles with this motor-wheel. To develop the project, the company "UltraMotors" was created, where V. Shkondin became the technical director. In the same year, the domestic company Russian Technologies also acted as an investor, investing an impressive amount in the project at that time. A year later, Crompton Greaves (India) began to produce motor wheels separately and install them on bicycles, tricycles, scooters, electric forklifts and wheelchairs for the disabled.
Despite the fact that the inventor presents his invention as a wheel motor that increases the capabilities of a bicycle, a commutator motor can be modified and used in other types of electrical engineering.
Device MK Shkondin
The device of this motor-wheel is quite simple, like everything ingenious. It has only a few basic details. The main components are the outer rotor and the inner stator, equipped with a circular magnetic drive. The stator has 11 pairs of magnets (composition - neodymium-iron-boron), which are located from each other at the same distance, thus creating 22 poles. The rotor separates the air space from the stator; 6 horseshoe-shaped electromagnets are installed on it. They are arranged in pairs, and relative to each other are shifted by 120 degrees.
A distribution manifold is located on the stator housing, on which conductive plates are located around the circumference. Another element of the motor-wheel is current collectors that can interact with the collector plates. The action of the Shkondin electric motor is based on the principle of the action of the forces of electromagnetic repulsion and attraction, which are observed in 
the process of interaction of stator magnets and rotor electromagnets. When an electromagnet passes between the axes of a neodymium magnet, the electromagnet is repelled from one magnet and attracted to another, following in the direction of movement. This electromagnetic effect causes the rim to rotate. When the electromagnet reaches the axis of the magnet, a de-energization occurs, since the current collector is located here. Such "pauses" save battery power, since the engine does not receive power all the time, but only when necessary.
On the outer part of the body of the electric motor there are holes for the spokes and connections with the rim of the bicycle wheel.
Advantages
Electric wheel efficiency - up to 94%! Shkondin provided that the rotor can be located both on the outside of the stator and on the inside. The shape of the engine design can be not only wheel-shaped, but also cylindrical, thanks to which this electric motor can be used for ground transport, and for air, and even for space.
Among the advantages of MK Shkondina are not only light weight and affordable price. The wheel is easy to operate, and has a much higher performance than a standard electric motor. For example, on a 300 W electric motor, on a flat road, you can accelerate to 30 km / h without pedaling. A small number of parts provides the device with both high reliability and a cost that is 2 times lower than other electric motors. The Shkondin electric wheel does not need an external control device, it is protected from moisture and dust, and practically does not heat up during operation. The recovery function returns up to 180 W of energy to the battery.
The use of this motor-wheel has serious commercial advantages, it can significantly reduce the dependence of modern transport on raw materials and ensure its environmental friendliness. This device is incredibly viable and promising, and I want to believe that it is the future, and not only land transport. By the way, the electric vehicles that were used during the Sochi Olympics were based on the Shkondin motor-wheels.
/00 1 DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION TENTU STATE COMMITTEE ON INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES OF THE SCST USSR (56) Author's certificate of the USSR No. 910480, class. V 60 K 7/00, 1982. USSR author's certificate M 628008, class. N 02 K 17/02, 1978, (54) V.V. The purpose of the invention is to increase reliability and efficiency. The motor-wheel has a built-in DC motor with a sensor-distributor. which is an annular non-conductive base with conductive plates fixed around the circumference. engine, the crown - with the wheel hub, the first and second satellite gears connected directly to the sun and crown gears, respectively, with the second fixed on the satellite axle, the bushing installed on this axle with a flange on one side and a stop on the other, between which are installed , The sensor is located on a fixed inductor, on which permanent magnets with poles alternating around the circumference are also fixed, The rotor is made with a toothed magnetic circuit fixed on it, on which coils are fixed in series-opposite on the teeth, the connection outputs of which are connected to brushes fixed on the rotor with the possibility of sliding on the plates, the teeth of the rotor can be grouped with coils in groups, provided that additional pairs of brushes are introduced and their appropriate fastening. Engine modifications are provided to increase power due to the arrangement of magnets in the radial and tangential directions. 12 s, p. f-ly, 8 ill. The second satellite gear is splined by means of splines, and the first is between it and the hub flange and is made in the form of toothed disks freely mounted on the hub and spring-loaded against each other to press their end surfaces, respectively, to the second satellite gear and the hub flange. The presence of a gearbox reduces reliability and safety quite of complex design. A motor-wheel is known, which contains a wheel with an electric motor built into it, made in the form of a disk asynchronous electric machine, the stator of which with a magnetic circuit, windings and current conductors is fixedly fixed on the wheel axis, and a rotor with a short-circuited winding and a magnetic circuit placed with two sides of the stator, located on the inner side of the movable wheel rim. Embedding directly into the wheel of the electric motor allows you to reduce the size, weight, unreliability, complexity of assembly and operation, eliminate the gearbox and some additional systems and thereby simplify the design. However, this design, in addition to all the disadvantages inherent in an asynchronous machine, has a number of others: the presence of a complex system for operating modes and expensive bulky and high-voltage sources of alternating voltage (for autonomous means). The purpose of the invention is to increase power, reliability and efficiency. Figure 1 shows a motor-wheel, side view, with three groups of winding coils; figure 2 - motor-wheel, section; Fig.3 - distribution manifold, section A - A; figure 4 - the same with plates for energy recovery; figure 5 - . motor-wheel with two armature magnetic circuits; figure 6 - motor-wheel with magnets, the axes of which are parallel to the axis of the wheel; figure 7 - motor-wheel with additional permanent magnets (the rotor corresponds to figure 5) figure 8 - motor-wheel with magnets, the axes of which are tangential (the rotor corresponds to figure 6). Motor-wheel (figures 1 and 2 ) contains a rim 1, an axis 2, an electric drive consisting of a regulated voltage source (not shown) and an electric motor containing an armature 3 with a magnetic circuit 4 and groups of coils 5, an indicator 6 with a magnetic circuit 7 and permanent magnets 8 evenly spaced, current collectors 9 with two current collection elements (brushes) 10.1 and 10.2 and a distribution manifold 11 placed on the inductor 6. The inductor 6 is fixedly fixed on the axis 2, the anchor 3 is on the rim 1 of the wheel. The coils 5 are located around the circumference of the armature magnetic circuit 4 in at least one group (figure 1, the number of groups is three), the number of current collectors 9 is equal to the number of groups of coils. The current collectors 9 are fixed on the armature 3. The current collector elements 10.1 and 10.2 of each current collector are electrically connected to the terminals of the coils of the corresponding group. two groups are electrically connected 10 15 20 25 45 50. la 55 30 35 40 through one main plate. Each of the main plate groups is connected to the corresponding output 13 of the regulated voltage source. The number of main plates 12.1 and 12.2 is equal to the number of permanent magnets. Between each two main plates there is an idle plate 14, the width of which is greater than the width of any current collection element. The number M of permanent magnets 8 is equal to 20. The coils in groups are arranged so that the angular distance between the centers of any two coils is a multiple of the angular distance a. In this case, any two coils of the same group create oppositely directed magnetic fluxes if the angular distance between their centers is a multiple of an odd number of distances a, and equally directed if a multiple of an even number of distances a. The groups of coils are offset from each other in such a way that when the centers of the coils of at least one group coincide with the centers of the coils of the corresponding permanent magnets, the centers of the coils of at least one other group do not coincide with the centers of the permanent magnets. The magnetization axes of the magnets are radial, For Fig.1 a = 360 / M = 360/20 = 18 o The distribution manifold 11 (Fig.3) is located around the circumference of the main plates 12.1 and 12.2, one of which (marked "+ ") are connected to one terminal 13 of the control voltage source, others (marked "-") - with its other output. Between them are idle plates 14, which can be non-conductive (ie, insulating) and conductive. It is advisable to make the distribution manifold with the possibility of angular displacement relative to the wheel axis (to adjust the moment of supply of electricity to the coils), for example, by making arc slots 15 for fastening screws. -wheel works as follows. Voltage is supplied to groups of main plates 12.1 and 12.2 from an adjustable voltage source. Since groups of coils 5 are offset relative to each other, then through brushes 10.1 and 10.2 of at least one current collector 9, voltage is supplied to coils 5 of the corresponding group. 30 40 50 55 When current passes through the coils, coils 5, due to the specifics of the distribution manifold 11, are always energized in such a way that they form electromagnets having opposite poles with a magnet located in the direction of rotation, and the same - in the opposite direction. Thus, the electromagnets formed by the coils 5 begin to repel from the "previous" magnets 8 and are attracted to the "next" (in the direction of rotation). When the coils 5 pass over the magnet 8, the coils are not powered, and when the subsequent magnet 8 passes, the voltage on the coils changes to the opposite due to the transition of the brushes 10.1 and 10.2 to the next plates. When passing over the magnets, when the coils are not powered, the movement does not stop due to inertia, and when passing the magnet, the power to the coils is switched. Figure 4 shows a distribution manifold, in which idle plates 14 have an average conductive part 16. These middle parts are connected through one into groups and connected to the corresponding terminals 17 of the recharging unit (for example, a rectifier and a battery). In the process of sliding brushes 10.1 and 10 ,2 along the plates of the distribution manifold 11 at the moments when the coils of one group are opposite the corresponding permanent magnets, the brushes 10.1 and 10.2 are on the middle parts 16 of the idle plates. At the same time, the energy of the magnetic field of these coils is converted and pulses recharges the recharging unit. To increase the power, a second armature magnetic circuit with at least one group of coils located on the rim, a second distribution manifold installed concentrically to the main distribution manifold or similar to it with on the other side of the inductor, additional current collectors mounted on the armature, the current collection elements of which, similarly to the elements of the main current collectors, are electrically connected to the terminals of the coils of the second magnetic circuit of the armature (Fig. 5). figure 7 - option with additional permanent magnets 18. In this case, the magnetic circuit of the inductor is made in the form of a ring fixed on the base of the inductor between the main and additional magnets, 5 10 15 20 25 V motor-wheel: can be additionally introduced (fig. 8) magnetic flux concentrators, permanent magnets located so that the axes of their magnetization are parallel to the tangents to the circumference of the location of the permanent magnets (tangentially), and the concentrators 19 are located between the magneto poles of the same name. The motor-wheel can be made not only with two, but also with a large number of inductor magnetic circuits (with permanent magnets) and armature magnetic circuits (with groups of coils), which leads to an increase in power and improvement of other parameters, At the same time, an appropriate number of current collectors and distribution manifolds is selected, Simplicity and reliability of the design, the use of low-voltage sources, the absence of a gearbox , increased service life, good thermal and control characteristics and economy make it possible to create efficient electric vehicles on its basis. Claim 1. A wheel motor containing a rim, an axle, an electric drive consisting of a regulated voltage source, and an electric motor containing an armature with a magnetic circuit and winding coils, an inductor with a magnetic circuit, characterized by that, in order to increase power, reliability and efficiency, the inductor is made with permanent magnets placed evenly on the surface of its magnetic circuit, at least one current collector with two elements of the current collector and a distribution manifold are additionally introduced, placed on the inductor, which is fixed fixedly on the axis, the armature - on the wheel rim, the winding coils are located around the circumference of the armature magnetic circuit in at least one group, the number of current collectors is equal to the number of groups of coils that are placed in groups so that the angular distance between the centers of any two coils is a multiple of the angular distance a, while any two coils of one groups create oppositely directed magnetic fluxes, if the angular distance between their centers is a multiple of an odd number of angular distances a, and equally directed, if a multiple of an even number of angular distances a, the groups of coils are displaced relative to each other in such a way that when the middles of the coils are as 1725780 55 at least one group coincide with the midpoints of the permanent magnets, the midpoints of the coils of at least one other group do not coincide with the midpoints of the permanent magnets, the current collectors are anchored, the current collector elements of each current collector are electrically connected to the terminals of the winding coils of the corresponding group, the distribution manifold is formed by insulated current-conducting main plates located around the circumference, electrically connected through one with each other, forming two groups of main plates, each of which is connected to the corresponding output of the regulated voltage source, the number of main plates is equal to the number M of permanent magnets, between each two main plates there is an idle plate, the width of which is greater than the width of any current collection element . 2. The motor-wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the number M of permanent magnets is even, a = 360 O / M, the angular distance between the elements of the current collection of any current collector is a multiple of an odd number of distances a, winding coils in each group are evenly spaced.3. Motor-wheel according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that the blank plates are made of a non-conductive material.4. Motor-wheel according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that idle plates are made of conductive material. 5. Motor-wheel according to paragraphs. 1 - 3, characterized in that the idle plates are divided into three parts, the middle of which are made of conductive material and are connected between the oboe through one, forming two groups of electrically connected through one middle parts of the indicated plates.6. Motor-wheel according to paragraphs. 1 - 5, characterized in that the distribution manifold is made with the possibility of angular displacement relative to the magnets and fixing in any of the angular positions. 7. The motor-wheel according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it additionally has a second armature with a magnetic circuit with at least one group of winding coils 5, a second distribution manifold installed concentrically to the main distribution manifold, or similar to him on the other side of the inductor, additional current collectors installed on the armature, the current collector elements of which, similarly to the elements of the main current collectors, are electrically connected to the leads of the coils of the second armature. Motor-wheel according to claim 7, characterized 15 by the fact that the permanent magnets are placed so that the axes of their magnetization are parallel to the axis, the wheels, the magnetic cores of the armature are placed on both sides of the inductor, 9. The motor-wheel according to claim 8, differing 20 in that it has additional permanent magnets, equal in number to the main ones, the magnetic circuit of the inductor is made in the form of a ring fixed on the base of the inductor between the main and 25 additional magnets .10. Motor-wheel according to paragraphs. 1 - 7, characterized in that the magnetization axes of permanent magnets are radial, 11, Motor-wheel according to paragraphs. 1 - 7, differing 30 in that magnetic flux concentrators are additionally introduced, located between the magnet poles of the same name., 12, Motor-wheel according to paragraphs. 1 - 11, characterized 35 by the fact that it additionally includes a switch, a block of capacitive storage, a recharging AND / OR block, a control block, groups of main plates are connected through a switch with a source40 of regulated voltage and a block of capacitive drives, groups of middle parts of idle plates are connected to a recharging unit AND / OR a control unit. 13. The motor-wheel according to claims 1 - 12, characterized in that the source of regulated voltage is made in the form of a source of pulses of constant or adjustable amplitude regulated in duration, duty cycle or duration and duty cycle. 5019 20 1725780 0 7 Proofreader M. Maksimishine hred M. M. M. actor N. Gunko Production and Publishing Plant "Patent", Uzhgorod, Gagarina St., 1 Order 1189 Circulation Signature VNIIPI of the State Committee for Inventions and Discoveries at the State Committee on Inventions and Discoveries under the State Committee for Science and Technology CSS 113035, Moscow, Zh , Raushskaya emb., 4/5
Application
4731991, 01.09.1989
V. V. Sh con din
SHKONDIN VASILY VASILIEVICH
IPC / Tags
Link code
Motor wheel c. V. shkondina
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Everything is the same on the farm of the inventor Vasily Shkondin in the science city of Pushchino near Moscow. Himself is the embodiment of energy. Only the long-lived dog does not meet - he died at the 23rd year of his life. He was replaced by a hefty "yard terrier" Fock, who took charge of the inventor's workshop and constantly interfered in the conversation with his bass.
Where are the Chinese against the Russian Lefty ...
It seems to have become even tighter on the legendary 100 sq. meters leased from the institute. Wheels, bicycles, scooters… Plaster hangs from the ceiling like mugs and periodically falls. Nearby, behind the wall, a room of 370 sq. meters, bright, much more comfortable. But the move is akin to a fire, and on the tables of process engineers there is a wild pile of devices, diodes, magnets and many small details. It's scary to touch - you won't find the ends.
At the entrance to the workshop-laboratory is a slightly gutted scooter. Vasily Vasilyevich explains:
This electric motorcycle was brought from Shanghai, where it is all the rage. The maximum speed is not motorcycle - 45 km / h, the range on one charge is 45-50 km. We are now installing our own motor-wheel, it is 10 kg lighter, the power source remains the same - there is no point in redoing it, the device is assembled and manufactured perfectly. As a result, we get a speed of over 80 km / h, the range has increased to 130 km. I had to put my own speedometer - the former, native, digitized up to 45 km / h.
Mentally, looking at the electric motorcycle, he licked his lips. With the motor-wheel of Shkondin, this is no longer a toy, but a normal vehicle, and even shooting from a traffic light to maximum speed in a matter of seconds. It is very convenient, the low center of gravity is provided due to competent placement of accumulators. Shkondin laughs: "You can put a bear, and in the circus, in the arena." They want to take the upgraded electric motorcycle back to China and demonstrate its new capabilities to the director of the manufacturer. I got excited:
They will copy, the Chinese are masters in this part!
No, they won’t succeed without us,” Shkondin reassures.
Another thing is sad, and Vasily Vasilyevich voices the problem:
If we start competing with them, we will never overtake China in mass production. We have the simplest aluminum body of a bicycle motor-wheel machined on a machine at a price equal to a whole Chinese electric bike - fully equipped, with batteries and a motor.
Unprepossessing electrobike has done thoroughbred Germans
The electric motorcycle was taken out so as not to interfere with the tricycle (three-wheeled vehicle) being rolled out into the light and giving the journalist the opportunity to "snatch" on it along the long institute paths. The tricycle was made from an ordinary ATV, instead of two rear wheels, one motor-wheel was attached, the motorcycle engine and transmission were thrown out (it is not needed!), batteries were installed. First, Vasily Shkondin saddled him - I take pictures. The grey-haired master Volodya, standing next to him, quietly, under his breath, mumbles: “Well, to hell with him, you can kill yourself ...” The device passes to me. Minus one wheel at the back did not add stability, you have to brake before turns, but on straight lines - delight! Instant, racing set of speed - just hold on. The designer explains that they made a tricycle to demonstrate the capabilities of large diameter wheels. In general, all Shkondin's wheeled vehicles make you concentrate your attention - a huge moment of “frail”, by the standards of internal combustion engines, motors requires gentle and careful handling of the handle or gas pedal. An engine with a power of only 300 watts produced 70 newtons per meter at the stand - a thrust comparable to the engine of a small car.
Disabled History
In the 80s, Shkondin, having a diploma from the Faculty of Journalism of Moscow State University, worked in his specialty - the director of a publishing house. And he worked part-time by organizing concerts of his friend, singer and composer Vladimir Miguli (which brought more). And he spent all his earnings on a dream - he created the most efficient engine in the world. A fanatic radio amateur has been making instruments since childhood, served in the army at air defense radar stations. It is recognized that it was the design features of the radar that prompted him to create an "electric propulsion device". He assures that hundreds of models were born in the garage and in the kitchen before he embodied in the hardware the very first development ready for mass production - a self-propelled wheelchair. But the time for implementation was unsuccessful - 1990. Perestroika, rallies, the collapse of industry. This stroller is still on the move today, traveled the whole world with the inventor, collected a whole mountain of medals and diplomas from the most prestigious exhibitions. In the early 90s, it was also shown in the government of the Russian Federation. “Look, the tires are worn to the cord, it’s impossible to buy new ones, this size is not produced now,” Shkondin explains. I respectfully touch the "bald" rubber and ask:
Is a self-propelled wheelchair no longer needed today?
How much more needed! Finally signed a contract, will do.
It was this wheelchair (more precisely, his original electric wheels) that became the first in a series of inventions stolen from Shkondin. Then this was done by NPO Composite from Korolev. Shkondin came to the State Committee for Inventions - "What to do?" They advised us to urgently cede the license to the Americans. He conceded and earned 600 thousand dollars. For 1991, the amount is fantastic. The Americans refused to pay the money and offered real estate - they bought the inventor a house in Cyprus, an apartment in Moscow and a dacha not far from Yasnaya Polyana. They knew the situation in the country, they knew that cash could be “snatched”. Overseas company and now feels good. With might and main using the starting patent of V. Shkondin, they invested 90 million dollars and produced 15 thousand electric bicycles for the US Army and 10 thousand for the police. When American soldiers in full military gear are shown on television rushing through the desert on electric bikes, know that without Russian brains such a picture would not be possible. Vasily Vasilyevich is familiar with this technique:
They have greatly developed the first generation of my motor-wheels, especially their application. But I already have much more advanced and powerful developments. Now samples of electric bikes have been prepared for our law enforcement agencies, only the Ministry of Internal Affairs will need about 10 thousand pieces. Motor-wheels for them are being prepared for serial production at several factories.
NASA golden cage
I ask Shkondin: “Is the engine speed limited?”
Theoretically - yes. But in practice, what we have is enough. For example, we are now making a car wheel. It requires, say, 1600 rpm, the speed of the car in this case will be about 190 km / h - nonsense. The McLaren group applied - they need 400-460 km / h. No problem, it's about 2500 revolutions of the motor-wheel.
Czech businessmen dream of getting their hands on Vasily Shkondin's technologies. They persuade: “It is worth coming to us, you will not want to work anywhere else. There will be a laboratory and everything you want. Let's agree on a price! The Slavic brothers felt the opportunity to wipe the nose of the whole world. The industry of the Czechs in the post-Soviet years has dipped considerably, the owners of enterprises were mainly German concerns.
A couple of months ago I brought my new outwardly unsightly electric bike to Germany, on a wretched Chinese frame - the main thing is a motor-wheel. The Germans looked, laughed, offered a competition with their "coolest" models from the company "Audi". After the first "arrival" of the Russian miracle, the Germans abandoned the competition-comparison and immediately offered Shkondin a contract for 6 million dollars.
In my presence, Shkondin received calls from the United States with persuasion: “Come, we will make motor-wheels for the rover, the money is colossal.” Refuses: “I understand - prestigious, interesting. But I'm 72 years old, and I don't want to focus on one thing, ideas are bubbling." Explains to me:
I don't want to be in a golden cage. Here I am a free man. NASA won't let you do anything else. What didn't I see there? I don't like America. Knowing my passion for fishing, they offer a yacht and access to the sea for tuna, they say: “Then you, Vasily, will change your position.” I won't change. We need to do our own, domestic. Russia has everything for this. In the defense industry - super-strong magnets, not like the Chinese ones with which I work. Here is room for development.
Promising direction - aircraft engine
A turboprop aircraft engine is necessarily made with a reduction gear - the turbine rotation speed is about 10 thousand revolutions per minute. The propeller, or propfan, is effective in the speed range from 1 to 2 thousand per minute. The main rotor of a helicopter has an even smaller number of revolutions, up to a maximum of 700. Shkondin's engine just falls into this niche, giving out huge torque practically from a standstill without any gearboxes. It can become an ideal power plant for many aircraft. Helicopter pilots have already "sniffed out" about this and visited the inventor. The benefit is fuel economy, even if you have to use a traditional power plant to recharge the batteries and power the Shkondin engine. Yes, traditional, but ten times less power than today is required to lift an apparatus heavier than air into the sky.
We would not "oversleep" a promising direction. Under the roof of the Airbus aircraft manufacturer (Airbus), AeroComposite Saintonge is already finalizing and testing the E-Fan electric aircraft. This is a two-seat aircraft made of composite materials, weighing over half a ton, equipped with a pair of electric motors with a total power of 60 kW and two lithium-polymer batteries. Flight time on one charge is 1 hour. A 4-seat version with a hybrid propulsion system is being developed, which can stay in the air for 3-4 hours.
Fortunately, European aircraft manufacturers are not familiar with V. Shkondin's technologies. He is confident that two motors of his design, 10 kW each, will easily pull a 4-seater aircraft. Install propellers instead of rims and tires - and the transmitted force will correspond to a gasoline engine with a power of about 300 hp. With. Everything is calculated, it's just that the inventor and his team have not yet reached this topic. But here it should already “smell” of state funding or the participation of a fairly large enterprise familiar with aviation technology and interested in creating new types of power plants. Then there will be a chance to wipe the nose of the arrogant Europe and the rest of the world. But no one saw the walkers from the United Engine Corporation (UEC) visiting Vasily Shkondin.
All his life he fought for the strengthening of the Russian state with his bright articles, courageously exposing corrupt officials, liberal democrats and revolutionaries, warning of the threat looming over the country. The Bolsheviks who seized power in Russia did not forgive him for this. Menshikov was shot in 1918 with extreme cruelty in front of his wife and six children.
Mikhail Osipovich was born on October 7, 1859 in Novorzhev, Pskov province, near Lake Valdai, in the family of a collegiate registrar. He graduated from the district school, after which he entered the Technical School of the Naval Department in Kronstadt. Then he participated in several long-distance sea voyages, the fruit of which was the first book of essays, published in 1884, “On the ports of Europe”. As a naval officer, Menshikov expressed the idea of connecting ships and airplanes, thereby predicting the appearance of aircraft carriers.
Feeling a vocation for literary work and journalism, in 1892 Menshikov retired with the rank of captain. He got a job as a correspondent for the Nedelya newspaper, where he soon attracted attention with his talented articles. Then he became a leading publicist for the conservative newspaper Novoye Vremya, where he worked until the revolution.
In this newspaper, he led his famous column "Letters to neighbors", which attracted the attention of the entire educated society of Russia. Some called Menshikov "a reactionary and a Black Hundred" (and someone still calls him). However, all this is malicious slander.
In 1911, in the article "Kneeling Russia", Menshikov, exposing the intrigues of the Western backstage against Russia, warned:
“If a huge fund is being collected in America with the aim of flooding Russia with murderers and terrorists, then our government should think about it. Is it possible that today our state guards will not notice anything in time (as in 1905) and will not prevent troubles?
The authorities did not take any measures in this regard. What if they accepted? It is unlikely that Trotsky-Bronstein, the main organizer of the October Revolution, could have come to Russia in 1917 with the money of the American banker Jacob Schiff!
Ideologist of national Russia
Menshikov was one of the leading publicists of the conservative direction, acting as the ideologist of Russian nationalism. He initiated the creation of the All-Russian National Union (VNS), for which he developed a program and charter. This organization, which had its own faction in the State Duma, included moderate right-wing elements of educated Russian society: professors, retired military men, officials, publicists, clergymen, famous scientists. Most of them were sincere patriots, which many of them later proved not only by their struggle against the Bolsheviks, but also by martyrdom ...
Menshikov himself clearly foresaw the national catastrophe of 1917 and, like a true publicist, sounded the alarm, warned, tried to prevent it. “Orthodoxy,” he wrote, “liberated us from ancient savagery, autocracy from anarchy, but the return to savagery and anarchy before our eyes proves that a new principle is needed to save the old ones. This is a nation... Only nationalism is able to return to us the lost piety and power.”
In the article "The End of the Century", written in December 1900, Menshikov urged the Russian people to preserve the role of the power-forming people:
“We, Russians, slept for a long time, lulled by our power and glory, but then one heavenly thunder struck after another, and we woke up and saw ourselves under siege - both from the outside and from the inside ... We do not want someone else's, but our - Russian - land should be ours."
Menshikov saw the possibility of avoiding a revolution in the strengthening of state power, in a consistent and firm national policy. Mikhail Osipovich was convinced that the people, in consultation with the monarch, should manage the officials, and not they. With the passion of a publicist, he showed the mortal danger of bureaucracy for Russia: "Our bureaucracy ... has reduced the historical strength of the nation to nothing."
The need for fundamental change
Menshikov maintained close relations with the great Russian writers of that time. Gorky admitted in one of his letters that he loved Menshikov because he was his "enemy at heart", and enemies "better tell the truth." For his part, Menshikov called Gorky's "Song of the Falcon" "evil morality", because, according to him, it is not "the madness of the brave" who carry the uprising that saves the world, but the "wisdom of the meek", like Chekhov's Lipa ("In the ravine").
There are 48 known letters to him from Chekhov, who treated him with unfailing respect. Menshikov visited Tolstoy in Yasnaya, but at the same time he criticized him in the article “Tolstoy and Power”, where he wrote that he was more dangerous for Russia than all the revolutionaries put together. Tolstoy answered him that while reading this article, he experienced "one of the most desirable and dearest feelings to me - not just goodwill, but direct love for you ...".
Menshikov was convinced that Russia needed fundamental changes in all areas of life without exception, only this was the salvation of the country, but he had no illusions. "There are no people - that's what Russia is dying on!" exclaimed Mikhail Osipovich in despair.
Until the end of his days, he gave merciless assessments to the self-satisfied bureaucracy and the liberal intelligentsia: “In essence, you drank everything beautiful and great a long time ago (below) and gobbled it up (above). They unwound the church, the aristocracy, the intelligentsia.
Menshikov believed that every nation should persistently fight for its national identity. “When it comes to the violation of the rights of a Jew, a Finn, a Pole, an Armenian, an indignant cry rises: everyone screams about respect for such a shrine as nationality. But as soon as the Russians mention their nationality, their national values: indignant cries rise - misanthropy! Intolerance! Black Hundred Violence! Gross outrage!"
The outstanding Russian philosopher Igor Shafarevich wrote: “Mikhail Osipovich Menshikov is one of a small number of insightful people who lived in that period of Russian history, which to others seemed (and still seems) cloudless. But sensitive people already then, at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, saw the main root of the impending troubles that later befell Russia and are still experienced by us (and it is not clear when they will end). Menshikov saw this basic vice of society, which carries the danger of future deep upheavals, in the weakening of the national consciousness of the Russian people ... ".
Portrait of a modern liberal
Many years ago, Menshikov vigorously exposed those in Russia who, like today, denounced her, relying on the "democratic and civilized" West. “We,” wrote Menshikov, “we do not take our eyes off the West, we are fascinated by it, we want to live just like that and no worse than “decent” people live in Europe. Under the fear of the most sincere, acute suffering, under the pressure of a felt urgency, we must furnish ourselves with the same luxury that is available to Western society. We must wear the same clothes, sit on the same furniture, eat the same dishes, drink the same wines, see the same spectacles that Europeans see. In order to satisfy their increased needs, the educated stratum makes ever greater demands on the Russian people.
The intelligentsia and the nobility do not want to understand that the high level of consumption in the West is connected with the exploitation of a large part of the rest of the world. No matter how hard the Russian people work, they will not be able to reach the level of income that they receive in the West by pumping in their favor the unpaid resources and labor of other countries ...
The educated stratum demands extreme effort from the people in order to secure a European level of consumption, and when this fails, they are indignant at the inertness and backwardness of the Russian people.
Didn't Menshikov paint a portrait of today's Russophobic liberal "elite" more than a hundred years ago with his incredible insight?
Courage for honest work
Well, aren't these words of an outstanding publicist addressed to us today? “The feeling of victory and overcoming,” wrote Menshikov, “the feeling of domination on one’s own land was not at all suitable for only bloody battles. Courage is needed for all honest work. Everything that is most precious in the struggle with nature, everything brilliant in science, arts, wisdom and faith of the people - everything is driven precisely by the heroism of the heart.
Every progress, every discovery is like a revelation, and every perfection is a victory. Only a people accustomed to battles, saturated with the instinct of triumph over obstacles, is capable of something great. If there is no sense of dominance among the people, there is no genius. Noble pride falls - and a person becomes a slave from a master.
We are a prisoner of slavish, unworthy, morally insignificant influences, and it is precisely from here that our poverty and incomprehensible weakness among the heroic people.
Was it not because of this weakness that Russia collapsed in 1917? Isn't that why the mighty Soviet Union collapsed in 1991? Is it not the same danger that threatens us today if we give in to the global onslaught on Russia from the West?
Revenge of the revolutionaries
Those who undermined the foundations of the Russian Empire, and then seized power in it in February 1917, did not forget and did not forgive Menshikov for his position as a steadfast statesman and fighter for the unity of the Russian people. The publicist was suspended from work in New Time. Having lost their home and savings, which were soon confiscated by the Bolsheviks, the winter of 1917-1918. Menshikov spent in Valdai, where he had a dacha.
In those bitter days, he wrote in his diary: “February 27, March 12, 1918. Year of the Russian great revolution. We are still alive, thanks to the Creator. But we are robbed, ruined, deprived of work, expelled from our city and home, doomed to starvation. And tens of thousands of people were tortured and killed. And all of Russia has been thrown into an abyss of disgrace and calamity unprecedented in history. What will happen next is scary to think about - that is, it would be scary if the brain were not already full and insensible filled with impressions of violence and horror.
In September 1918, Menshikov was arrested and shot five days later. An article published in Izvestia stated: “The famous Black Hundred publicist Menshikov was shot by the emergency field headquarters in Valdai. The monarchist conspiracy, headed by Menshikov, was revealed. An underground Black Hundred newspaper was published calling for the overthrow of the Soviet regime.
There was not a word of truth in this message. There was no conspiracy and Menshikov did not publish any newspaper at that time.
He was being avenged for his former position as a staunch Russian patriot. In a letter to his wife from prison, where he spent six days, Menshikov wrote that the Chekists did not hide from him that this trial was an "act of revenge" for his articles published before the revolution.
The execution of the outstanding son of Russia took place on September 20, 1918, on the shore of Lake Valdai opposite the Iversky Monastery. His widow, Maria Vasilievna, who witnessed the execution with her children, later wrote in her memoirs: “Arriving in custody at the place of execution, the husband stood facing the Iberian Monastery, clearly visible from this place, knelt down and began to pray. The first volley was fired to intimidate, but this shot wounded the husband's left hand near the wrist. The bullet tore out a piece of meat. After this shot, the husband looked back. Another volley followed. Shot in the back. The husband fell to the ground. Immediately, Davidson jumped up to him with a revolver and fired at point-blank range twice in the left temple.<…>The children saw the execution of their father and wept in horror.<…>Chekist Davidson, having shot in the temple, said that he was doing it with great pleasure.
Today, Menshikov's grave, miraculously preserved, is located in the old city cemetery of the city of Valdai (Novgorod Region), next to the Church of Peter and Paul. Only many years later, relatives achieved the rehabilitation of the famous writer. In 1995, Novgorod writers, with the support of the public administration of Valdai, opened a marble memorial plaque on the Menshikov estate with the words: "He was shot for his convictions."
In connection with the anniversary of the publicist, the All-Russian Menshikov Readings were held at the St. Petersburg State Marine Technical University. “In Russia there has never been and there is no publicist equal to Menshikov,” Mikhail Nenashev, the chairman of the All-Russian Fleet Support Movement, emphasized in his speech.
Vladimir Malyshev
