In America, the share of new cars sold with a manual transmission is only 6 percent. Therefore, many American drivers find driving a car with a manual transmission very difficult. So many drivers are accustomed to driving vehicles with automatic transmission. In our country, the share of cars sold with a manual transmission is still slightly larger than with an automatic transmission, but, nevertheless, driving a car with a manual transmission causes a lot of difficulties for many drivers. Ours has prepared instructions and a small guide for all car enthusiasts that will help you learn how to drive a manual car.
Cars with manual transmissions tend to cost less than cars with automatic transmissions. But driving a vehicle with a manual transmission will not only allow you to save money when buying a car, but will also open up a whole new world of driving for you.
Note that many are still equipped with a manual transmission. But even if you buy an inexpensive, weak car, it will allow you to significantly reduce fuel costs, since a car equipped with a manual transmission consumes much less fuel than a car equipped with an automatic transmission.
What other advantages do manual transmissions have over automatic transmissions? A manual transmission is much more reliable than an automatic transmission, and besides, the cost of repairing a manual transmission is much less than repairing a complex automatic transmission.
Plus, driving a car with a manual transmission is different than driving a car with an automatic transmission.
Step one: Why are gears needed in a manual transmission?
A manual transmission requires the driver to change gears independently. Most manual transmission cars have 4 or 5 speeds plus one reverse gear. In order to master where what gear speed is and what each of them is needed for, you need to know the following:
Clutch pedal. When you press the pedal, a special mechanism in the box allows you to use the gear shift knob to engage the desired gear. Remember that you can only shift the gearbox if the clutch pedal is pressed all the way down.
Neutral actually means that no torque from the engine will be transmitted to the wheels. With the engine running and neutral gear engaged, if you press the gas pedal, the car will not move. When neutral gear is engaged, you can engage any speed from this position, including reverse gear.
For most manual cars, 2nd gear is the workhorse, as first gear is primarily used for starting. Second gear will help you drive your car down a steep slope or help you navigate through traffic jams.
Reverse gear is slightly different from other speeds in a manual transmission. This speed received a slightly larger range of operation than first gear. In reverse gear you can accelerate faster than in 1st gear. But reverse gear does not “like” when the car drives in this mode for a very long time (it can lead to failure of the gearbox mechanism).
So reverse gear is not the main way to move.
The accelerator pedal allows you to use the maximum engine torque set for each speed at each speed. When accelerating in a car equipped with , you feel every speed, which gives each driver a unique feeling of drive and better control over the car.
Step Two: Master the Gear Speed Layout
Before you learn to drive a manual transmission, you need to master the location of each gear speed, which is indicated on the shift knob. After all, you won’t look at the handle while the car is moving, where what speed is located?! Remember that in order to change gears perfectly, you must fully depress the clutch pedal, otherwise each gear will engage with a characteristic grinding or crunching noise, which can lead to transmission failure.
If you are a novice driver, then first watch from the side in the front passenger seat as another more experienced driver synchronously presses the clutch pedal and changes gears. Note the vehicle's maximum speed in each gear.
At first, even after studying the location of each speed, you will still mentally remember where this or that gear is located. Over time, you will stop thinking about changing gears every time and will do it on an unconscious level (mechanically). It's all a matter of habit. So if you don’t have the perfect skill to drive a car with a manual transmission at the very beginning, then don’t be upset and don’t fall into despair. Speed of gear shifting and much more will come to you as you gain driving experience.
Another problem for any novice driver who drives a car with a manual transmission is not knowing when and what speed to engage. In order to know whether the correct gear is engaged at a certain vehicle speed, we advise you to focus on the sound of the engine.
If the engine speed is very low and the car does not accelerate, then you have engaged an overshift and you need to change to a lower gear.
If the engine speed is very high, then you need to engage a higher gear to unload the box.
If your car is equipped with a tachometer, then in order to understand when it is necessary to change speed, use the number of engine revolutions as a guide. Although each make and model of manual transmission car requires a different gear shift order, generally each gear can be shifted when the engine reaches 3,000 rpm. You can also use the speedometer to know when you need to change gear.
For example, change speed every 25 km/h (1st gear 1-25 km/h, 2nd 25-50, 3rd 50-70, etc.). Remember, this is just a general rule for manual transmission shifting. And than these values will deviate upward.
Step Three: Starting the Engine
Place the gear shift in neutral by pressing the clutch pedal before starting the engine. Do not change gears without pressing the pedal, as this may lead to failure of the manual transmission. After starting the engine, warm it up to operating temperature. If you are warming up the car in winter, then for the first few minutes of warming up, do not release the clutch pedal after engaging neutral gear. This will allow you to warm up the frozen oil in the box much faster.
Attention!!! Do not start the car engine while the gear is engaged. This will lead to uncontrolled movement of the car, which may lead to an accident.
Step Four: Use the Clutch Pedal Correctly
The clutch is a mechanism that helps you change gears smoothly. Always depress the clutch all the way. If you change gear while driving without fully depressing the clutch, you will hear a grinding or crunching noise. Try to avoid this to avoid damaging the box.
Also remember that your left foot should only press the clutch pedal. Right foot only gas pedal and brake pedal.
At first, it will be difficult for you to release the clutch perfectly after changing gears. You have to get used to this. If you are experiencing problems with this, we advise you to slowly release the clutch after changing gear to feel the moment the gear begins.
Avoid unnecessary acceleration of the vehicle when the clutch pedal is not fully depressed. Do not develop the habit of leaving the clutch pedal depressed for more than 2 seconds (even at traffic lights - use neutral speed).
Many new drivers experience problems with releasing the clutch pedal very quickly. Don't be discouraged if you don't succeed. Over time, you will get used to it and will not notice how coordinated you are in changing gears. Remember that everyone experiences difficulties with this. Once you start driving frequently in heavy city traffic, you will quickly gain experience.
Step Five: Coordinated Action
What's happened ? This is your door to the world of drive, acceleration and a special perception of the car. But in order to fully experience the true pleasure of driving a manual car, well-coordinated actions are required. As an example for the 1st and 2nd speeds, we will give all your actions that over time you should bring to automaticity.
Depress the clutch pedal all the way. Switch the gear knob to first speed. Begin to slowly release the clutch pedal while simultaneously pressing the gas pedal smoothly and slowly. Having brought the clutch pedal somewhere to the middle, you will feel that the torque has begun to be fully transmitted to the wheels. Smoothly releasing the clutch pedal all the way, accelerate to 25 km/h. Next you need to switch to second gear. To do this, again depress the clutch completely and shift the speed to second gear, then smoothly, lowering the clutch pedal, slowly increase the gas.
Step Six: Downshifting
Downshifting is a method of changing lower gears of a car when decelerating. How you change gears when slowing down and how an automatic works when the vehicle is slowing down makes a huge difference. Shifting to a lower speed will not only help you slow down the car, but also allows you to engage exactly the speed that is actually needed.
Downshifting will help you in bad slippery weather, both in summer and winter, without having to resort to braking with the brake pedal if you need to reduce speed, which makes it safer to drive a car, unlike a car equipped with an automatic transmission.
Here is an example of how you can use downshifting to stop a car from a speed of 70 km/h:
- Press the clutch pedal and shift the transmission into 3rd gear, moving your right foot from the gas pedal to the brake.
- To avoid high revs, release the clutch pedal slowly.
- Before stopping, depress the clutch pedal again.
- Do not engage first gear as a downshift.
This stopping method will allow you to stop much faster and safer than braking with just one brake pedal..
Step Seven: Reverse Speed
Be careful when shifting the vehicle into reverse. If engaged incorrectly, the gear shift lever may jump out. Never try to reverse until the vehicle has come to a complete stop. On some models, in order to engage reverse gear, you must first press the gear shift knob from above.
Remember that reverse gear has a high range of operation, so be careful and do not press the gas pedal too hard, as the car can quickly gain dangerous speed.
Step Eight: Movement on the Hill
As a rule, most highways are not level due to the terrain. Therefore, when stopping on the road, in many places a car without a brake begins to roll back. Getting started on a road with an inclined plane is much more difficult than on flat ground. In order to perfectly learn how to start on a hill, you need to consolidate your skills with the following exercise.
Stand on a road with an inclined plane and, putting the car on the manual parking brake ("handbrake"), engage neutral gear. Now your task is to release the handbrake, engage first gear, depress the clutch pedal, and move up the hill, smoothly releasing the clutch while simultaneously pressing the gas pedal. At some point you will feel that the car has stopped moving backwards. It is in this position that you can keep the car on a slope or hill without a brake.
Step Nine: Parking
When leaving the car in a parking lot after you have turned off the engine, depress the clutch pedal and engage first gear. This way, you will protect your car from rolling away in your absence. For reliability, you also need to lift the parking brake lever (or press the button if the handbrake is electronic). The main thing to remember is that when you return, before starting the car, you must definitely shift the gear to neutral.
Step Ten: Practice
All these actions will seem very complicated and difficult to you at first. But this is all natural. As you operate the car, your experience will grow. Remember that the more practice, the more driving experience you gain. If after this you are still afraid to drive a car, then do independent driving training in any area where there are no other cars. Thus, you will gain confidence in driving a car.
As soon as you become bolder, we advise you to practice in the real road conditions of your locality in the early morning or at night. Study all the roads, especially where you plan to drive your car most often. The absence of cars at this time will give you confidence.
Many people are afraid to drive a manual car. Some claim that it is not comfortable and not modern. Don't listen to anyone. The manual transmission, despite its outdated technology, remains one of the most reliable transmissions in the auto industry.
Yes, in some areas the manual reduces driving comfort somewhat, but for this you will be rewarded with much greater control over the car, increased power, better fuel efficiency, cheap maintenance costs and inexpensive repairs (compared to automatic transmissions), valuable driving skills that allow you to You can drive almost any vehicle in the world.
A person who has just received his license is wondering whether it is possible to drive in neutral with an automatic transmission? Everyone knows perfectly well that an automatic transmission is quite convenient to use. Even those who drive exclusively manuals recognize the advantages of automatic transmission. There is only one caveat - if the driver drove exclusively with a manual transmission, it will be quite difficult to switch to an automatic transmission, because changing habits is very difficult. It seems that rolling down a hill in neutral gear is quite normal. But won't this harm the modern mechanism, where electronics are responsible for everything? People who have switched from a manual to a car with an automatic transmission sincerely believe that using neutral while driving is acceptable. At a minimum, this is an excellent opportunity to save your own money, given current fuel prices. But taking into account all the features of the machine, using neutral while driving can lead to the fact that the box simply cannot withstand such a load. As a result, you will have to carry out quite expensive repairs. In such a situation, there is no point in saving on gasoline, which is logical!
Is it possible to drive in neutral with an automatic? It seems that the answer to the question is obvious, but still this point is the subject of a lot of controversy. If you carefully read the manuals for using automatic transmissions, you can find information there that switching to position N while driving is not allowed. In turn, many drivers do this, arguing that there is nothing wrong with it. Is this really true? Drivers who have covered a huge number of kilometers over the years are sure that it is better to listen to the recommendations given in the instructions.
Reason number one
The system responsible for lubrication is completely different from the mechanical version. If in mechanics the gears are constantly in a large amount of oil fluid, then in an automatic transmission the amount of oil directly depends on the operation of the power unit. The car is stationary - the parts also do not work; as soon as it starts moving, the elements of the iron horse begin to rotate. It’s easy to guess what will happen to the parts if there is no lubricant. No, the box will not start to jam, but the rate of its wear will increase significantly. Fans of driving in neutral should remember this.
Fans of coasting should take into account the fact that even a process such as towing can be performed over a distance of no more than fifty kilometers. By carefully reading the instructions, you may encounter a complete description of such points. If the service station is located further than 50 kilometers, then you need to prepare for an early repair of the gearbox.
Reason number two
There are models on sale where the duration of operation of the box directly depends on the number of switches off and on in the neutral position. It is logical to assume that the more often a person turns on neutral, the sooner the box will fail. The automatic transmission will not crumble into small parts; however, some of its components will have to be changed. If replacing one individual part does not require you to spend a lot of money, then the total cost of replacing several spare parts is quite expensive.
What can I say about saving fuel? In fact, everything said about this is fiction. The drivers decided to figure it all out experimentally, with the help of an on-board vehicle. When the car is in the "drive" position rolling down a hill, there is no consumption at all. In a situation where the lever is in the neutral position, fuel is still consumed, albeit not very much.
No one has ever done anything like this with mechanics; for some reason the owners haven’t thought of it yet. Regarding the automatic gearbox, we can say one hundred percent that coasting not only threatens the parts and mechanism, but also negatively affects fuel costs.
What else is important to know?
There are a number of other points that every driver should know about. Someone will say that now we will talk about some little things, but sometimes the performance of the vehicle depends on the little things.
You can switch from drive to neutral without any problems. Performing this step in reverse order may cause problems for the box. It's better to stop right away. What is the point of putting the gear in neutral then? This is a pointless waste of time, plus you won’t be able to stop completely.
Do not exclude the fact that the motor may suddenly turn off. When the gear is engaged, there is nothing wrong with it. The moment the gear is in neutral, the power steering stops working, and the car will handle much worse. What could happen in the end? Everyone knows perfectly well.
Today is the fifth video lesson on driving an automatic transmission (automatic transmission). I propose to talk about such an important aspect as neutral transmission. It seems like what to say about her? But it’s not so simple, many drivers who drive a manual transmission can often coast the car (neutral at speed), but is this possible with an automatic? Or here’s another question: is it necessary to switch to neutral at a traffic light? And in general, why do we need this automatic transmission...
First, a little definition.
Neutral gear – This is the position of the gearbox (not only) in which there is no transmission from the engine to the wheels, thus the car does not move when the engine is running.
Why do you need neutral gear on an automatic?
The second purpose is parking; of course, you can put the car in neutral and the handbrake, but this is not as convenient as, say, simply putting the car in “P” parking. But from this position the engine will start (read) However, you can do this, it is not prohibited!
How to behave at a traffic light or traffic jam
Another common question is: Do you need to put the gear in neutral at a traffic light or is it enough to just press the brake pedal and remain in D – “drive” ?
The question is very, very difficult, thousands of different pieces of advice can be heard from various sources, and even from branded car services there is no definite opinion.
Let's think for ourselves. What any manual (user's manual) tells us.
When neutral gear is engaged, there is no connection between the input and output shafts. The output shaft is not blocked, which means the vehicle can move (towing). Therefore, neutral gear (), is mainly needed only for service transportation of the car and then according to certain rules.
Remember an automatic (automatic transmission), this is not a mechanic at all, the clutch principle here is completely different. There is no clutch disc, and the torque converter does all the work. However, when the “N” (neutral) mode is turned on, there is simply no connection between the engine and the wheels. Our donut (torque converter) rotates, but it does not connect the wheels and the engine, because the locking rings, also known as friction discs, unclench.
What happens when you move the lever to position “D” - the oil pump pumps pressure into the valve body, then the solenoid opens and gives pressure under which the friction discs (first gear) are compressed. They seem to connect two shafts (from the engine and from the wheels) and the car is ready to move, release the brake pedal and go. Afterwards, the electronics decide which friction discs (which gear) to close.
What happens when you stand at a traffic light and turn off "D" and go into "N". The clutches open, the solenoids close, and the shafts disengage. Then you again transfer from “N” to “D” and again such a complex process is repeated! I REMIND YOU AGAIN THIS IS NOT A MANUAL TRANSMISSION!
The result is that solenoids and first gear clutches wear out faster! If you turn it on once (and in a traffic jam you can go a second time), then the pressure is stable, the clutches are always compressed. THIS IS THE RIGHT MOVEMENT!
However, there are also cases when you stand at the machine for a very long time - a traffic jam, a queue at a gas station. Then your leg will get tired and holding the car on the brake will not be very comfortable. What to do then?
When standing for a long time in a traffic jam or at a gas station, it is allowed to switch to “neutral”. Or you can turn off the engine altogether, and you’ll also save fuel.
Coasting on automatic
The second most popular question is Is it possible to coast with an automatic car?
Who doesn’t want to go down a steep and long hill - put the car in the “N” position and roll on it as long as the slope allows? And it also saves fuel! BUT!
When coasting, it is IMPOSSIBLE to switch to “neutral” at all! Why? YES everything is very simple. Here we are rolling down the mountain, coasting, and right now my hand reaches out to switch to “N” - we switch, open the rigid connection between the shaft to the wheels and the shaft from the engine, they begin to spin at different speeds. That is, we can rev the engine at least up to 5000, but this will not have any effect on the wheels!
Now we decided to turn on “D” at speed, that is, we need to close two shafts that rotate at different frequencies, AND AT SPEED! That is, they must be stopped by the friction discs, CLOSED and begin to work as one shaft! This is very difficult, it turns out something like a blow when the clutches close.
If you still want to coast down the hill, you need to wait for the car to stand up COMPLETELY and only then turn on “D” when the shaft has stopped.
YES, and rolling automatically in neutral is not a HUNT! Remember! Repairs will then cost much more than the amount of fuel you save!
If you want to roll, then release the gas pedal and roll as long as the automatic transmission allows in mode “D”
Or is it possible to drive in neutral?
Coasting - in neutral gear or with the clutch pedal depressed - is also one of the eternal questions and topics of debate. Is it possible, not possible, necessary, not necessary? In fact, everything here is simple and unambiguous, but the decision is still yours to make. I'm telling...
Do I need to depress the clutch? Do I need to put it in neutral?
Actually, where did all this come from? Coasting was invented by our grandfathers and great-grandfathers. In those days, engines were weak and unreliable, so it was necessary to regularly let them cool down - reduce the speed to idle, for which purpose they turned on neutral. In addition, older cars saved fuel this way. It’s logical: lower engine speed means lower fuel consumption.
What about today? Today's engines are as reliable as nails and as healthy as oxen. They do not require additional cooling, especially such as turning on neutral, and are even designed for intensive work at high speeds.
Fuel economy
As for fuel consumption, there has been a forced idling mode for about 30 years now. Its essence is that when you release the gas pedal while the gear is in gear, fuel stops flowing into the engine, and consumption during deceleration is zero. Hard to believe? If the trip computer in your car can calculate instant fuel consumption, try it yourself and look at the fuel consumption readings during braking. You will see there nothing more than a zero without a stick. And when driving in neutral, the engine idles and consumes 1-2 liters of fuel per hour. It turns out braking in gear with the gas released is more economical than in neutral or with the clutch pedal depressed. I cover the entire topic of economical driving in our school’s exclusive course “MBA course for drivers: Mastery of Car Driving.”
Coasting and driving safety
Now let’s speculate on the topic “is it safe to drive in neutral?”
What does it mean to drive safely?
Let's return to the definition of driving safety that I gave in the article "Safe Driving: Engine Torque" and in my book "100 Ways to Avoid an Accident": safety is the ability to make a maneuver that would avoid an accident. There can be three maneuvers:
1. Changing the direction of movement (steering action).
2. Braking:
- braking with the service brake (pressing the brake pedal)
- engine braking (releasing the gas pedal)
3. Acceleration (pressing the gas pedal)
The gas pedal is not always accessible
The steering wheel and brake pedal are always active, but the gas pedal is not always active, but only when the gear is engaged. Therefore, if you are in neutral or press the clutch pedal while driving, your gas pedal is inactive and there is no way to brake or accelerate. That is, you are armed with only two possibilities of maneuver out of four, and your movement is “half safe” :) Is it possible to be “a little pregnant”? :)))
Let me give you an example. Imagine that you have a brake pedal button inside your car. While it is off, the brake pedal is inactive: press or don’t press, the car will not slow down. And only when the button is turned on will the brake pedal work. How would you prefer to drive - with the button on or off? :) I can imagine the picture: a driver is driving, suddenly an obstacle suddenly appears in front of him and he needs emergency braking to avoid a collision. The driver, in shock, remembers the button, frantically searches for it, hastily tries to turn it on and only then begins to brake. It's funny, isn't it?
So, Driving in neutral is the same as with the brake pedal turned off. So do you need it?
So decide: is it possible to coast? It's possible, but not necessary. You lose in safety, in fuel economy and gain nothing in return.
Safe braking - in gear
It turns out that the most correct way to brake is in gear, which is called combined braking. This way you save fuel and maintain the connection between the wheels and the engine to avoid wheel locking, which is important for cars without ABS, and you have a reserve of traction in case of need for engine braking or acceleration. By the way, what do all braking have in common? The fact that after each braking there is an acceleration! And often we are required to accelerate intensively - at least in order to avoid a collision with a car from behind, which does not have time to brake for you.
You can read about the nuances of braking in gear in the articles “How to brake correctly?” and “How to brake correctly with manual transmission?” or in the practical course “The Magic of Gear Shifting”. And here I will only write that it is correct to brake in gear almost to a complete stop and depress the clutch pedal only when the tachometer needle approaches idle speed - 1000 rpm. And turn on neutral after stopping the car.
The next article will talk about what are the disadvantages of an automatic from the same point of view - safe driving.
Despite the fact that everyone and everywhere is talking about the dangers of coasting, the number of drivers who practice driving with the gear turned off is not getting smaller.
What is roll-up
Coasting is a mode in which the manual gearbox lever is in the neutral position. The parts of the gear shift mechanism are at rest, with the exception of the drive shaft.
If you additionally depress the clutch pedal, the engine turns into an autonomous device that operates at idle speed.
Some drivers, in order to save fuel, practice turning off the engine while coasting. As a result, the car is, figuratively speaking, a “cart” moving by inertia due to the previously acquired speed.
Coasting is used by careless drivers on long descents or when approaching intersections and other sections of the road where it is necessary to smoothly slow down.
Fuel economy
The established opinion about coasting came to us from the last century, when engines were imperfect. What do we have now?
When driving a car with the gear off, its engine idles, consuming fuel in an amount of 2 to 3 liters per 100 km.
If you leave the gear in gear and release the accelerator pedal, that is, switch to engine braking mode, the fuel supply to the engine will almost completely stop and fuel consumption will become close to zero.
This is very easy to verify if your car has an on-board computer with a function that displays current fuel consumption. Indeed, when you release the gas pedal, the device will show almost zero consumption of gasoline or diesel fuel.
As a result, wanting to reduce fuel consumption by using coasting, drivers only increase it.
Braking efficiency
Another common misconception is that braking efficiency when the gear is off is significantly higher than when it is on.
When driving with the gear turned off, if it is necessary to sharply slow down or stop, only the main braking system of the vehicle is involved in braking.
At the same time, there is a very high risk of wheel locking and loss of vehicle control due to reduced wheel adhesion to the road.
If the gear is engaged, the running engine will not give the wheels the slightest chance of blocking, and the combined braking system, which includes engine braking and the main braking system, will allow you to achieve.
Braking with the gear turned off is especially dangerous in conditions of wet road surfaces or ice, when the appearance of even a small dry section of the road and the subsequent uneven distribution of braking forces on the wheels can lead to, fraught with.
Saving clutch and gearbox resources
Those who believe that by coasting a car, they save on gear changes are deeply mistaken.
The frequency and intensity of use of the clutch pedal and gear lever have virtually no effect on the durability of the gearbox and clutch.
Much greater damage to these mechanisms is caused by improper operation of the clutch and disruption of the sequence of actions when switching from one gear to another.
For those who like to keep the clutch pedal pressed for a long time, I would like to remind you once again that pressing the clutch pedal is permissible only for the short time necessary to switch to the next gear. IN
In all other cases, to disconnect the engine from the drive wheels, you must depress the clutch and engage neutral gear.
Based on the above, a logical question arises: “If coasting does not save fuel, does not increase braking efficiency and does not affect the service life of mechanisms, is there any point in using it?”
In our opinion, rolling up is permissible only in the final phase of movement, when moving at a minimum speed on a dry road, the car is planned to stop after a few meters.
Good luck to you! No nail, no rod!
