Accounting for interest on loans in 1s 8.3. Setting up “Accounting for loans and borrowings” in 1C programs

Configuration: 1c accounting

Configuration version: 3.0.54.20

Publication date: 28.12.2017

On January 09, 2017, the Bank issued a short-term loan to an organization for the purchase of fixed assets worth 250 thousand rubles. Interest on the used loan is calculated the next day after funds are transferred to the borrower's current account for the balance of the loan debt and is paid on the last calendar day of the month for the actual number of days of use of the loan funds. The interest rate is 11% per annum and does not change during the entire loan term. The end of the loan period is 04/30/2017.
The borrower accrues and repays interest on a short-term loan in accordance with the Payment Calendar. If you have money and short-term loans are not for you, then the best option would be to open a bank deposit. In order not to fly by with your deposit, check out https://sbankami.ru/vklady you will find out which deposits are best to open and what nuances are best to pay attention to!
1. Receipt of borrowed funds to the current account.
Bank and cash desk - Bank statements - Receipt button

We fill out the receipt document. Type of operation "Obtaining a loan from a bank." Agreement, select the loan agreement, it should be in the “Other” type. Settlement account 66.01 "Short-term loans"

Conduct. Open the form to view Dt/Kt transactions. Under the credit of account 66.01, the organization's debt to the bank arose.

2. Calculation of interest on the loan - the first month
According to the terms of the example, the bank provided the borrower with a short-term loan for a period of 111 days inclusive. Accordingly, it is necessary to accrue and transfer interest for the entire period of use of funds under the loan agreement. The full calculation of interest on the loan is presented in the Payment Calendar:

Interest calculation for the loan period is calculated using the formula:

Amount of loan (debt) * annual interest rate / 365 (366) days * number of days in the period (month)

An example of calculating interest for the first month: 250,000 * 11% / 365 * 22 = 1,657.53 rubles.
Under the terms of the loan agreement, accrued interest is repaid monthly.
In our example, the interest rate is 11% per annum. Accordingly, all calculated interest will be included in the tax base for income tax. Therefore, interest for the first month must be reflected through “Operations entered manually.” Interest for similar periods will be reflected in the same way.
Section Operations - Operations entered manually - Create Operation

We fill out the document using accounts D 91.01 “Other expenses” and K 66.02 “Interest on short-term loans”

3. The bank wrote off interest on the loan - for the first month

We fill out the document. Type of operation "Loan repayment to the bank". Type of payment "Payment of interest" Settlement account 66.02

Conduct. Dt/Kt postings have been generated:

All subsequent operations to pay interest for the remaining months are performed in the same way.
To check the reflection of accrued and paid interest for the use of loan funds on a monthly basis, you can use the report "Turnover balance sheet" for account 66.02 "Interest on short-term loans"

Note! Since account 66.02 “Interest on short-term loans” is passive, it is necessary to first accrue interest (on the credit of the account) and then repay it (on the debit of the account) in order to avoid a negative balance in the account.

4. The amount of debt on the loan has been written off by the bank
R. Bank and cash desk - Bank statements - Write-offs

To correctly draw up a loan agreement, as well as maintain tax and accounting records, you should pay special attention to the key points that must be specified in the agreement:

• Loan amount;
• The period for which the funds were issued;
• Method of receipt. The highest priority is to transfer the loan to the employee’s card. You can issue a loan from the cash register by first withdrawing funds from your current account, since issuing a loan from an organization’s cash proceeds is prohibited by the instructions of the Bank of Russia dated October 7, 2013. N3073-U;
• Purpose of the loan. If the loan is issued for the purchase of real estate, the borrower is exempt from taxation of material benefits.
• Terms of issue - interest-free or interest-free. If the agreement does not mention that the loan is interest-free or the rate is not specified, then according to the agreement the amount of interest is equal to the refinancing rate;
• Loan repayment date: in full or in monthly payments and interest payment period.

Taxation by the lender

The amount of the loan issued is not an expense of the organization, just as its repayment is not income. Interest on a loan, by virtue of clause 6 of Article 250 of the Tax Code, is recognized as non-operating income and is taken into account when calculating income tax:

Taxation for the borrower

According to paragraph 2 of Art. 212 of the Tax Code, the material benefit from saving on interest is recognized as an individual’s income if the calculated interest on the loan agreement is less than two-thirds of the current refinancing rate established by the Bank of Russia on the date of actual receipt of income by the taxpayer:

Article 223 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation indicates that the date of receipt of income in the form of material benefits from savings on interest is from 01/01/2016. is the last day of every month. At the same time, the organization as a tax agent is obliged to withhold personal income tax from material benefits with the next payment of wages at the following rates:

• 35% – if the employee is a tax resident of the Russian Federation;
• 30% – if the employee is a non-resident of the Russian Federation.

If the agreement, in accordance with Article 212 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, states the purpose of the loan as obtaining funds for the construction or purchase of housing or land for construction, then the tax inspectorate, at the request of the employee, issues a notification to the organization about the exemption of this employee from taxation of material benefits.

How to make a loan in 1C 8.3

In the 1C Accounting 8.3 program, settlements for loans provided to employees are carried out in account 73.01 Settlements for loans provided.

Step 1. Issuing a loan to an employee of the organization

To formalize the transaction for issuing a loan in 1C 8.3 Accounting, we will generate a payment order for the transfer of funds to an employee of the organization: section Bank and cash desk - Payment orders - Create - transaction type Issuing a loan to an employee:

Based on the payment order, we will create the document Write-off from the current account:

Posting Dt 73.01 – Kt 51 – funds were transferred to the employee under the loan agreement:

Step 2. Registration in 1C Accounting 8.3 new deductions

To register new deductions, go to the section Salaries and HR – Directories and settings – Deductions:

Click the Create button and fill in the name of the deduction type:

• In our case, this is Withholding for loan repayment;
• Field Retention category we will leave it blank, since not a single category from the proposed list is suitable;
• Assign a unique code and press the button Write and close:

Similarly, we create a type of deduction – Deduction of interest for using a loan:

Step 3. Calculation of interest on loans in 1C 8.3 and reflection of deductions when calculating wages

Let's register the deduction of part of the debt and the accrual of interest on loans in 1C 8.3 using the document Payroll. On the bookmark Holds by button Add Let's fill out the table part:

• In the Employee column – an employee of the organization from whose salary the deduction is made;
• In the Retention column - types of deductions. In our case, there are two of them: deduction for loan repayment and deduction of interest;
• In the Result column - the amounts of deductions:

Let's look at the payslip in detail:

To reflect in accounting the amounts of deductions on the principal debt and interest for the use of borrowed funds, we will draw up the document Transaction entered manually. Postings are generated:

• Dt 70 - Kt 73.01 - reflects deductions from wages to pay off debt and interest;
• Dt 73.01 – Kt 91.01 – other non-operating income is reflected in the amount of interest on the loan:

Step 4. Calculation of material benefits from savings for the use of borrowed funds and withholding personal income tax

Let's look at how the refinancing rate changed in the period from November 5, 2015. until 04.11.2016:

• From 05.11.2015 until December 31, 2015 refinancing rate is 8.25%;
• From 01/01/2016 the refinancing rate is equal to the key rate and is 11%;
• From June 14, 2016 the key rate, and therefore the refinancing rate, is 10.5%.

Let's calculate the interest on the loan and material benefits by month:

1. November – for the period from 05.11.2015 until November 30, 2015:

• % on loan = 72,000.00*6%/365*27 = 319.56 rubles;
• The interest rate under the loan agreement is 6% more than 2/3 of the refinancing rate (2/3*8.25%), so there is no material benefit.

1. December 2015

• % on loan = 66,000.00*6%/365*31 = 336.33 rubles;
• There is no material gain.

1. January 2016

• % on loan = 60,000.00*6%/366*31 = 304.92 rubles;
• Material benefit = 60,000.00 * (2/3 * 11% - 6%) / 366 * 31 = 67.76 rubles;
• Personal income tax on material benefits = 67.76 * 35% = 24.00 rubles.

Let us reflect the material benefit in the 1C 8.3 program using the personal income tax accounting operation: section Salaries and personnel - personal income tax - all documents on personal income tax - personal income tax accounting operation. On the bookmark Income we indicate:

• The date of receipt of income in the form of material benefits;
• Income code 2610 – Material benefit received from savings on interest for the use of borrowed (credit) funds;
• Amount of income;
• Tax calculated at rates of 9% and 35%:

On the bookmark Withheld on all bets:

• Date of receipt of income;
• Tax rate;
• The transfer deadline is no later than the day following the payment of income;
• Income code:

We will reflect the deduction of personal income tax in accounting using a manual operation: entry Dt 70 - Kt 68.01 withheld from salary personal income tax for material benefits:

In order for 1C 8.3 Accounting to automatically deduct tax on material benefits from an employee’s salary, it is necessary to reflect the corresponding adjustments in the registers. Button More – Register selection:

Mutual settlements with employees and Salaries payable:

Data is generated:

1. February 2016:

• % on loan = 54,000.00*6%/366*29 = 256.72 rubles;
• Material benefit = 54,000.00 * (2/3 * 11% - 6%) / 366 * 29 = 54.05 rubles;
• Personal income tax on material benefits = 54.05 * 35% = 19.00 rubles.

1. March 2016:

• % on loan = 48,000.00*6%/366*31 = 243.93 rubles;
• Material benefit = 48,000.00 * (2/3 * 11% - 6%) / 366 * 31 = 54.21 rubles;
• Personal income tax on material benefits = 54.21 * 35% = 19.00 rubles.

1. April 2016:

• % on loan = 42,000.00*6%/366*30 = 206.56 rubles;
• Material benefit = 42,000.00 *(2/3*11% - 6%)/366 * 30 = 45.90 rubles;
• Personal income tax on material benefits = 45.90 * 35% = 16.00 rubles.

1. May 2016:

• % on loan = 36,000.00*6%/366*31 = 182.95 rubles;
• Material benefit = 36,000.00 *(2/3*11% - 6%)/366 * 31 = 40.65 rubles;
• Personal income tax on material benefits = 40.65 * 35% = 14.00 rubles.

1. June 2016:

• % on loan = 30,000.00*6%/366*30 = 147.54 rubles;
• Material benefit = 30,000.00 * (2/3 * 10.5% - 6%) / 366 * 30 = 24.59 rubles;
• Personal income tax on material benefits = 24.59 * 35% = 9.00 rubles.

1. July 2016:

• % on loan = 24,000.00*6%/366*31 = 121.97 rubles;
• Material benefit = 24,000.00 * (2/3 * 10.5% - 6%) / 366 * 31 = 20.33 rubles;
• Personal income tax on material benefits = 20.33 * 35% = 7.00 rubles.

1. August 2016:

• % on loan = 18,000.00*6%/366*31 = 91.48 rubles;
• Material benefit = 18,000.00 * (2/3 * 10.5% - 6%) / 366 * 31 = 15.25 rubles;
• Personal income tax on material benefits = 15.25 * 35% = 5.00 rubles.

1. September 2016:

• % on loan = 12,000.00*6%/366*30 = 59.02 rubles;
• Material benefit = 12,000.00 * (2/3 * 10.5% - 6%) / 366 * 30 = 9.84 rubles;
• Personal income tax on material benefits = 54.21 * 35% = 3.00 rubles.

1. October 2016:

• % on loan = 6000.00*6%/366*31 = 30.49 rubles;
• Material benefit = 6,000.00 * (2/3 * 11% - 6%) / 366 * 31 = 5.08 rubles;
• Personal income tax on material benefits = 54.21 * 35% = 2.00 rubles.

Let's present the loan calculation in the form of a summary table.

First of all, you need to enable the functional option for accounting for loans and borrowings:

Menu: Master data and administration - Treasury.

Setting the flag Loans and deposits.

Now the program allows you to enter loan agreements and their balances, and correctly set up financial and accounting records of loans and interest.

2. Enter the counterparty-creditor and the lending agreement.

It is necessary to enter the counterparty from whom the loan was received and set its Other relationships flag. If the Other relationships attribute is present, the item will appear in the top menu of the counterparty card Loans and deposits.

Go to point Loans and deposits and create a corresponding agreement.

Fields that are important for correct accounting are highlighted in red. Their values ​​must be selected from the drop-down list based on the essence of the agreement.

3. Fill out the Loan agreement calculations tab.

Data from the Calculations tab is used in the Payment Calendar and when filling out documents on interest calculation. The program does not make any calculations, but allows you to fill out the payment schedule manually or from a spreadsheet document.

Pay attention to the Urgency Type field - it will affect the accounting account in regulated accounting.

You fill in the fields Maturity type, Interest rate and Commission type directly on the tab. But the data in the Deadlines and Amounts section is filled in automatically from the payment schedule. The graph can be filled out using the hyperlink Graph used.

Fill in the lines of each bookmark in accordance with the bank's schedule. The system itself will calculate the deadlines and total amounts.

In the tabular section we refer to the created agreement. In principle, a contract can be created from a document in the list of contracts.

Please note that in the tabular part of the document you need to indicate different Amount Types for the body of the loan and interest.

We indicate the balance amount ourselves. She does not pull herself up from the contract and does not check it.

Now we carry out the document. After being reflected in accounting, we receive the following entries:

Account 67 was used because when entering the contract, I indicated Urgency Type = Long-term. For short-term loans, account 66 will be entered. Thus, the accounting data has been generated.

The following data will appear in management accounting:

• in the Treasury section - Treasury reports - in the reports Accounting for loans and deposits
• in the Management Balance Sheet in the Balance Sheet section: Sources of Financing.

In the market, there are increasingly situations where one company acquires another. This happens for various reasons. Some people expand their market share in this way, others acquire a supplier or buyer and thus increase their financial stability. More and more deals are happening because entrepreneurs get tired of the constant hard work, sell the company, and essentially retire with a healthy cash reserve.

However, from the point of view of regulated types of accounting, everything is not so simple. Often the purchasing organization does not have enough own funds to acquire the company being sold and they have to attract credit resources. Since such an operation is not standard in business activities, the question arises of how to reflect it in the accounting registers. In addition, the loan is not attracted for operating activities. Is it possible in this case to attribute interest on the loan to non-operating expenses that reduce taxable profit?

In answering these questions, you must be guided by the recommendations of the accounting regulations, which are approved by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. So, in accordance with them, receipts of loan funds are not income, and therefore are not taken into account when determining profit. Just like repaying a loan (repaying the principal debt) is not an expense and does not reduce taxable income.

Depending on the period for which the loan was received, it can be accounted for in 1C Accounting 8.3 on account 66.03 - if the obligation to repay the loan occurs within one year, or on account 67.03 - if the loan term is more than 12 months.

Interest in 1C Accounting is also reflected in account 66.04 (for short-term loans) or 67.04 (for long-term loans).

At the time of crediting credit funds, in accordance with the chart of accounts, the following transactions must be made:

Debit account 51 (analytical accounting is carried out in the context of current accounts) Credit account 66.03 or 67.03 depending on the loan term.

Interest is accrued on a certain date, according to the terms of the loan agreement. When they are accrued in 1C Accounting 8.3, the following posting is made:

Debit account 91.02 Credit account 66.04 or 67.04.

When determining the amount of taxable profit, two factors must be taken into account:

• interest on a loan agreement is reflected in accounting in the period in which it is accrued, regardless of the date of payment to the bank;
• Interest on the loan is included in full as part of non-operating expenses and reduces the amount of taxable profit. There are no restrictions depending on the purpose of the loan or the direction of use of funds.

Reflection of the facts of attracting a loan and its use in the 1C Accounting information system is carried out automatically using documents or standard operations that fully comply with the legislation and accounting regulations. Thus, the use of accounting systems greatly facilitates the work of an accounting employee.