" to the traffic rules.
This article is the first article in the series “Traffic Signs” and it discusses the most basic features of road signs: the division of signs into groups, the designations of each group, the features of their use.
Types of road signs in 2019
Currently, Appendix 1 to there are 8 sections, each of which deals with a separate group of road signs:
Road signs are divided into groups in such a way that each group contains signs that are similar in meaning. Let's look at each type of sign in more detail.
Traffic warning signs
Warning road signs are the most useful and safe signs for the driver. Their safety lies in the fact that the requirements of warning signs cannot be violated, because These signs do not prohibit or restrict the driver. The main function of such signs follows from their name. They warn the driver about possible dangers and help avoid them.
Warning signs are installed on dangerous sections of roads and can be easily distinguished from all other signs. Most warning signs look like a red triangle:
The only exceptions are signs related to railway crossings, "turn direction" signs and the "Intersection section" sign. Their shape differs from a triangle:
Please note that all other warning signs are triangles.
Let me remind you once again that it is impossible to violate the requirements of warning signs, therefore, in the area of their coverage, a fine for violating the requirements of road signs in the amount of 500 rubles cannot be imposed.
However, warning road signs can warn you against violations that can result in very real penalties.
Let's look at an example with the sign " Dangerous bend":
If you come across a similar sign on the road, then you do not need to take any special action. However, you should keep in mind that after 150 - 300 meters outside a populated area or after 50 - 100 meters in a populated area there will be a dangerous turn on your way.
At a dangerous turn, overtaking is prohibited (clause 11.4 of the rules). Accordingly, for overtaking on a dangerous turn, the driver risks receiving a punishment of 4-6 months or a fine of 5,000 rubles.
At the same time, the rules do not prohibit overtaking after the “dangerous turn” sign, but before the start of the most dangerous turn.
More detailed information about warning road signs is provided in the following articles:
Priority signs
Priority signs, unlike warning signs, establish priority rights at intersections of roadways, as well as narrow sections of the road.
In this case, please note that for violating the requirements of priority signs installed at an intersection, you can receive a fine of 1,000 rubles(Part 2 of Article 12.13 of the Administrative Code). For the same violation outside an intersection, a warning or a fine of 500 rubles may be imposed (Part 1 of Article 12.16 of the Administrative Code).
Here I would like to note that most often on the road you can find the following: road signs:
| entry prohibited (brick road sign) | |
| Movement Prohibition | |
| turning is prohibited | |
| overtaking is prohibited | |
| maximum speed limit | |
| prohibited | |
| No parking |
Let's consider an example related to violation of the requirements of a road sign prohibited entry (brick). The punishment for this violation directly depends on which road the driver takes.
If the sign is installed before entering the territory of the organization or the courtyard area, then we are talking about a regular violation of the requirements of road signs (500 rubles).
If a sign prohibits entry onto a one-way road, then a violation will entail a fine of 5,000 rubles or deprivation of rights for a period of 4 to 6 months.
Mandatory signs
Mandatory road signs are the opposite of the prohibitory signs discussed above. Mandatory signs allow only certain road users to perform certain actions.
For example, a road sign "bicycle path" allows only cyclists:
Various fines may be imposed for violating the requirements of mandatory signs.
For example, for driving onto a pedestrian path, the driver will receive a fine of 2,000 rubles (Part 2 of Article 12.15 of the Administrative Code).
Signs of special regulations
Signs of special regulations combine elements of both prohibitory and prescriptive signs.
For example, sign 5.19.1 “pedestrian crossing” allows pedestrians to cross the roadway, and sign “maximum speed limit zone” prohibits speeding on a selected section of the road.
Penalties for violating the requirements of special regulations signs depend on the type of sign and can vary widely.
Additional information signs (plates)
Additional information signs serve to clarify the meanings of road signs from other sections.
The truths of road traffic apply and apply to absolutely everyone who takes part in this traffic, and the pedestrian is no exception to this list. By moving on our own feet, we can also create an emergency situation on the road, which can be caused by inattention. But most often the reason for this turn of events is ignorance of the traffic rules and signs that are mandatory for pedestrians.
However, most of the signs that serve to warn pedestrians are intuitive. Therefore, the most common cause of accidents and other unpleasant situations caused by pedestrians is blatant inattention and distraction on the road. Be careful and be sure to learn the minimum required traffic rules. Let's start with signs for pedestrians.
The most necessary road signs for pedestrians
Among dozens of various signs that permit and allow the driver to perform certain maneuvers, there are signs that help the pedestrian to correctly cross the roadway and remain safe and sound. The required minimum of road signs for pedestrians includes the following options:
"Crosswalk"
Here they will give way to you even if the zebra crossing is not painted on the asphalt. All crossings marked with zebra crossings are also delimited by signs. The transition zone operates from sign to sign, and not along road markings.
"No Pedestrians"
This is a sign prohibiting walking in a certain area. This could be a highway where even walking on the side of the road is unsafe for life.
"Underground pedestrian crossing"
This sign means that pedestrians not only can, but are required to use the underground passage. Crossing the road in a place marked with this sign is an unsafe way to cross the road, especially on wide roads without pedestrian crossings on asphalt.
"Public transport stop"
There are three signs of this type for different transport - bus, tram and taxi. For pedestrians, they mean that at this place you can wait for the necessary transport to move around the city, and for drivers - a prohibition on stopping in the area where this sign is valid.
There are no longer any special road signs for pedestrians. Of course, some benefit can be derived from other signs. For example, if you are walking along the side of the road and see a sign “Wild animals on the road” or “Possible rockfall”, you should speed up your step a little and beware of certain obstacles for further movement. But these signs are not considered useful for pedestrians.
Markings and general rules for crossing streets
The most useful road marking for pedestrians is the zebra crossing, which represents a pedestrian crossing. But we can also note the importance of other markup options. If in front of you is a six or eight lane road with no markings for pedestrians, you should not cross the road in this place - it can be dangerous. Look around, most likely there is a crossing nearby that is controlled by a traffic light.
It is very important to respect the pedestrian crossing area, which is limited by signs. In the event of any dispute, you will not be able to prove that you are right.
Let's sum it up
To ensure safety on the road, not only drivers must know and comply with the terms and conditions of traffic rules, but also pedestrians, cyclists, owners of mopeds and other vehicles. This is the only way to achieve complete safety on the road. Of course, no one is immune from the actions of reckless drivers, but the use of road signs and rules creates the safest and most secure travel conditions for you.
Learn a small set of pedestrian signs and get maximum safety when crossing the roadway. I wonder if our blog readers often break traffic rules?
Road signs are an integral attribute of roads, containing all the information necessary for drivers: warnings about dangers, speed limits, repair work and much more. Studying road signs is necessary for all road users, since not only drivers can cause accidents, but also illiterate pedestrians, cyclists, etc.
If you are just planning to become a driver and are preparing to take exams, then studying road signs is simply necessary for you, because traffic police tickets contain questions on this topic. Here you will find all the latest information on road signs for 2015.
First of all, you should know that road signs are divided into groups.
Group 1 - warning signs, starting with the number "1". Signs in this group are designed to provide information to drivers, for example, about approaching a dangerous section of the road, narrowing of the roadway, road crossing, etc.
Group 2 - priority signs, starting with the number "2". A group of these signs informs about the distribution of priorities when passing intersections and narrow parts of the road, for example, a sign for a main road, an intersection with a secondary road, etc.
Group 3 - prohibition signs, starting with the number "3". Signs in this group contain information about the prohibitions in force on a given section of the road, for example, a ban on the movement of certain vehicles, prohibited overtaking, parking, stopping, etc.
Group 4 - prescriptive signs, starting with the number "4". Signs in this group oblige vehicles to move only in a certain direction, and also limit the minimum speed, etc.
Group 5 of signs - signs of special regulations, starting with the number "5". Signs in this group are used to designate residential areas, pedestrian crossings, artificial roughness areas, etc.
Group 6 - information signs, starting with the number "6". Signs in this group carry information about road numbers, parking lots, etc.
Group 7 - service marks, starting with the number "7". They carry information about cafes, hotels, gas stations, etc. available on the highway.
Group 8 - additional information signs, starting with the number "8". They are needed to indicate on the road the beginning and end of the validity of the signs under which the sign is placed, as well as to indicate the method of parking, etc.
9th group of signs - identification marks. These signs are intended to inform drivers that this vehicle is carrying dangerous goods, children, etc.
In order to master road signs even better, we recommend watching a training video on this topic. Good luck on the roads!
It is prohibited to drive at a speed (km/h) exceeding that indicated on the sign.
If you exceed the permitted speed with a difference of up to +10 km/h, a traffic police inspector can stop you if the movement of your car differs from the flow of others, and at the same time give only a warning. Exceeding the speed limit over +20 km/h is punishable by a fine; over +80 km/h - fine or deprivation of rights.
A difference of up to +20 km/h is allowed due to the fact that the inspector’s “radar” shows instantaneous speed, while the driver’s speedometer shows average speed. The accuracy of the speedometer readings is also affected by the wheel rolling radius (Rk), which is not a constant value; in addition, the speedometer has a rough scale of divisions.
Coverage:
1. From the installation site to the nearest intersection, and in a populated area, if there is no intersection, to the end of the populated area.
2. The effect of the sign is not interrupted at exit points from territories adjacent to the road and at intersections (junctions) with field, forest and other secondary roads in front of which the corresponding signs are not installed.
3. The coverage area may be limited to tab. 8.2.1 "Coverage area".
4. To the same sign with a different speed value.
5. Before sign 5.23.1 or 5.23.2 “Beginning of a populated area” with a white background.
6. Until sign 3.25 "End of maximum speed limit zone."
7. Until sign 3.31 “End of all restrictions zone”.
If the sign has a yellow background, then the sign is temporary.
In cases where the meanings of temporary road signs and permanent road signs contradict each other, drivers must be guided by the temporary signs.
Almost every modern driver has experience driving outside the boundaries of his “home” city. Obviously, in this case completely different rules of conduct on the road begin to apply. It’s not that separate traffic rules are used, but some sections of them have been adjusted in connection with high-speed travel conditions. In particular, every motorist knows that within the city limits it is allowed to drive at a speed of no higher than 60 km/h (and even then not in all areas), while outside it on the highway this limit rises to 90. In order to differentiate These two zones use a “Settlement” road sign, which secretly establishes speed limits for movement. Let’s try to understand further what they are like, where they are installed, the coverage area and the legal aspects of their use.
Form and general provisions
If you refer to the current Traffic Rules of the Russian Federation, the signs mentioned above can be found in the information and signage category. Their main purpose is to inform drivers, pedestrians and other road users about the location of nearby settlements and other infrastructure facilities. In addition, some of them are used to organize the direction of movement (for example, at intersections, on broadband roads) or its modes (setting priority speed).
A feature of the signs “Beginning of a populated area” is a combination of informational and indicative qualities, which automatically classifies them as an independent group of special instructions. In the new edition of the traffic rules, information signs are divided into two categories - informational and special instructions. In this context, it turns out that they simultaneously perform two functions:
- They inform the driver about the approach to a certain city or town along the direction of the vehicle’s movement or its end.
- Separate speed limits are introduced on designated sections of the road.
The group includes three main signs, each of which is paired (one conventionally indicates the beginning of a settlement, and the second its end):
- the Settlement sign on a white background is numbered in the Traffic Rules as 5.23.1. On the surface of a white rectangular plate you can find the letter name of the city/village itself. It is duplicated by the sign “End of a populated area” (5.24.1), visually repeating the basic 5.23.1, but it has a red line that crosses out the name diagonally;
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- sign “Image of a populated area” 5.23.2 and duplicate 5.24.2. It has the same white background and shape as the previous one, but instead of the name of a specific locality, it contains the contours and outlines of several buildings closely located to each other;
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- the “Settlement” sign on a blue background (serial number in traffic rules 5.25) and its duplicate version (5.26), indicating the end of the special traffic regime coverage area, are in form and content a complete analogue of the first group. The main visual difference is that the sign is blue, and the outline border and name of the locality are white.
As for the sizes of these signs, they are fully regulated by the state standard of the Russian Federation GOST R 52290-2004. It standardizes, first of all, the height of the font used to display the name of the locality. It is selected from the approved range from 75 to 500 mm. This range of sizes is due to the fact that in both the old and new editions of the standard there is a gradation of sizes from small (I) to very large (IV). Accordingly, each of the standard sizes is used in suitable road conditions. For example, smaller letters are applicable within the city limits or on its border, while large ones are forced to be used in highway conditions, where the situation needs to be assessed in advance.
In addition, during production, one should take into account the fact that the signs of the first and third groups belong to the category of individual design objects. This is due to the fact that each settlement has a different number of letters in its name, which forces us to make a sign of different lengths (with roughly the same height). At the same time, 5.23.2 and 5.24.2 do not belong to this category and their dimensions in height and length have the same ratio for all four categories.
Why are there so many signs?
Many people who are far from automotive affairs, and even drivers, often have a question: why use as many as six road signs to indicate the beginning and end of populated areas instead of two? The question, of course, is logical on the one hand, but in the legal field everything is not obvious. The fact is that the concept of a populated area from the point of view of the Traffic Rules and the same geography, that is, common sense and logic, which guides the majority of those asking, can be very different.
For example, in administrative-territorial terms, the boundaries of a city and a village are tied to geographic coordinates, a cadastral plan, etc. If we completely simplify this issue, then let’s say that the village ends where the border of the last house, fence or vegetable garden is.
At the same time, the Traffic Rules of the Russian Federation, as well as those of the rest of the world, tie city boundaries to main, regional, and local roads passing directly through or near a populated area. It is this last statement that becomes the reason that in practice as many as three groups of signs are used instead of one, but more on that later.
Signs on white background
Let's consider a situation when a car, moving in a given direction, approaches a city or village along a road that directly crosses it lengthwise from beginning to end, that is, formally crossing the city limits, the car ends up on a section of the road where, by definition, the Rules for the movement of motor vehicles begin to apply in populated areas.
This means the presence of intersections, traffic lights, pedestrian crossings, etc. along the route. Here, of course, you will have to deal with a lot of markings regulating traffic, but the main thing is why a road sign will be installed at the beginning of the city. Settlement on a white background - this is the current maximum maximum limit. speed at 60 km/h. The coverage area of such a sign does not extend, as in most cases, to the section of the road up to the next intersection, but ends exactly where the duplicate sign is located (5.24.1).
Signs on a blue background
If the route passes near a populated area, conditionally not through the center, but away from the main area, then most often a blue sign for the populated area will be installed, and there is no point in limiting the speed from 90 (or 110 for highways) to 60 km/h. It can also be used if the road runs within a city or town. Then an indispensable condition for the operation of highway speed limits should be the presence of bump stops on the roadsides and in the central part separating the directions of vehicle movement. It should also be mentioned that, according to GOST R 52290-2004, if there is a need to install such a sign on a highway, then its background is changed from blue to green.
However, in 2013, a third pair of road signs on a white background were introduced, namely "Dense Development" (5.23.2) and "End Dense Development" (5.24.2). If the first of them is installed after the Settlement road sign on a blue background, then it automatically sets the speed limit to 60 km/h, as in city limits.
international experience
In addition to the fact that motorists have to travel the length and breadth of domestic roads, some of them have the opportunity or need to travel abroad in a personal or corporate car. And here a logical question arises - “are there signs for limiting speed limits in populated areas, like in Russia?” As an example, we can take the experience of the EU country closest to the former USSR - Poland.
According to Polish traffic regulations, only the second group, identical to our dense buildings, affects the speed limit. The first group (green background) simply designates a city or town located in the traffic zone, that is, it performs the same functions as our blue settlement sign.
