Cereal flour and all other technical flours
Bunker
Standards for downtime of onboard vehicles when loading and unloading bulk cargo by mechanization (min. per 1 ton)
Shipping Name | Way | Carrying capacity of onboard vehicles, t |
|||||||
loading | unloading | Over 1.5 to 3.0 | Over 3 to 5 | Over 5 to 7 | Over 7 to 10 | Over 10 to 15 | Over 15 to 20 | ||
Fertilizers, manure, etc. | Excavator up to 1 cubic. m | Scrapers, nets | |||||||
Excavator from 1 to 3 cubic meters. m | Scrapers, nets | ||||||||
Cereals (rye, barley, wheat, etc.) | Bunker, grain loader, conveyor | Truck unloader | |||||||
Vegetables (potatoes, beets, etc.) | From a combine hopper, by a loader | Unloader vehicle |
Standards of downtime for onboard vehicles during loading and unloading by cranes, forklifts and other similar mechanisms of packaged and unpackaged cargo that does not require special devices for securing them (min.)
Mass of the load while lifting the mechanism, t |
||||
Up to 1.0 | Over 1.0 to 3.0 | Over 3.0 TO 5.0 | Over 5.0 |
|
Over 1.5 to 3.0 | ||||
Over 3.0 to 5.0 | ||||
Over 5.0 to 7.0 | ||||
Over 7.0 to 10.0 | ||||
Over 10.0 to 15.0 | ||||
Over 15.0 to 20.0 | ||||
Over 20.0 |
Standards for downtime of onboard vehicles for loading and unloading cargo in packages using a mechanized method and piece rates (min. per 1 ton)
Car load capacity | Pallets gross weight, t |
|||||||||||
gantry, bridge and other cranes | auto and electric forklifts |
|||||||||||
Standards for downtime of tank vehicles when loading and unloading liquid cargo
Operating volume of the tank, cubic meters. m, thousand l | ||||||
By gravity | Using a pump | Filling with a pump, draining by gravity, and vice versa |
||||
dark petroleum products | food cargo and light petroleum products | dark oil products | food cargo and light petroleum products | dark petroleum products |
||
Up to 1.5 | ||||||
Over 1.5 to 3.0 | ||||||
Over 3.0 to 5.0 | ||||||
Over 5.0 to 7.0 | ||||||
Over 7.0 to 10.0 | ||||||
Over 10.0 to 15.0 | ||||||
Over 15.0 to 20.0 | ||||||
Over 20.0 |
Standards for downtime of tank cars when loading through the top hatches and unloading by gravity and pneumatic methods
Operating volume of the tank, thousand liters, cubic meters. m | Standard time for tank operating volume, min. |
|
floury raw materials | ||
Up to 3.0 | ||
Over 3.0 to 5.0 | ||
Over 5.0 to 7.0 | ||
Over 7.0 to 10.0 | ||
Over 10.0 to 15.0 | ||
Over 15.0 to 20.0 | ||
Over 20.0 |
Note. The standards take into account additional time for blowing the tank and purging the discharge hose.
Standards for downtime of onboard vehicles and container ships when loading or unloading containers with cranes, forklifts and other similar mechanisms
Note. The time standards include the time required for loading (unloading) cargo with a toe or carry of the cargo, for maneuvering a vehicle (road train), tying and untying the cargo, covering the cargo with a tarpaulin and removing the tarpaulin, opening and closing the sides (doors) of the vehicle and trailers, and also registration of documents for the import (export) of goods. The specified downtime standards also apply to tractor-trailer vehicles.
Downtime standards for flatbed vehicles and general purpose vans when loading and unloading manually bulk cargo, packaged and unpackaged
Standards for downtime of onboard vehicles when loading or unloading cargo manually into a container without removing it from the vehicle
Container weight, t | Standard vehicle downtime when loading or unloading cargo, min. |
|
to the first container | for the second and each subsequent container in this trip |
|
Up to 0.5 | ||
Over 0.5 to 1.25 | ||
Over 1.25 to 2.0 | ||
Over 2.0 to 3.0 | ||
Over 3.0 to 5.0 | ||
Over 5.0 to 10.0 | ||
Over 10.0 to 20.0 | ||
Over 20.0 |
Standards for downtime of specialized rolling stock for container transportation of goods when loading or unloading containers using lifting equipment
Rolling stock | Standard downtime when loading or unloading one container, min. |
||||||
Weight of one container, t |
|||||||
up to 0.25 | from 0.25 to 0.45 | from 0.45 to 0.625 | 2,5 (3,0) | ||||
Self-loader vehicle with tail lift (model TsPKTB A130) | |||||||
Van with a tail lift (model TsPKTB - A130F) | |||||||
Self-loader vehicle with crane installation 4030P | |||||||
Self-loader vehicle with a portal crane based on the ZIL-130 vehicle (model NIIAT-A825) | |||||||
Self-loader vehicle with a portal crane (model NIIAT-P404) | |||||||
Self-loader vehicle with a portal crane based on the KamAZ-5320 vehicle (model 5983) | |||||||
Self-loader semi-trailer HLS-200.78 TK |
Note. The standard downtime for loading or unloading a vehicle is determined by multiplying the standard time set for one container by the number of containers.
Standards for vehicle downtime when performing additional work during loading or unloading cargo
Name of works | Standard downtime, min. |
1. Weighing cargo on truck scales: | |
1.2. For each determination of the weight of cargo in a road train (weighing an empty and loaded vehicle with a trailer or semi-trailer), regardless of the class of cargo and the carrying capacity of the vehicle | |
2. Weighing or re-weighing cargo on decimal or hundredth scales on a vehicle (road train) with a carrying capacity, t: up to 4 inclusive over 4 up to 7 inclusive over 7 | |
3. Conversion of cargo spaces for each car, semi-trailer or trailer, regardless of cargo class and carrying capacity | |
4. Arrival at each intermediate loading or unloading point, regardless of the carrying capacity of the vehicle (road train) |
Time standards for uncoupling and hitching exchange semi-trailers
Table 7.13
Estimated mileage rates for trucks
Time standards for 1 t-km N(time) are calculated using the following formula:
60 N(v) = -------,
V хр x q
where 60 is the conversion factor of 1 hour per minute; V is the estimated mileage of a truck, km/h; P is the mileage utilization coefficient, (3 = 0.5; q is the vehicle’s carrying capacity, i.e.
a) when working outside the city:
b) when working in the city - regardless of the type of road surface for cars and road trains with a carrying capacity of up to 7 tons (tank truck up to 6 thousand l) - 25 km per hour, and for 7 tons (tank truck 6 thousand l) and above - 24 km at one o'clock.
During the time a car driver works on roads of different groups in one trip, time standards for single trips are established for the predominant group of roads.
Estimated mileage rates for trucks can be reduced by the head of the enterprise:
when transporting goods that require special care (acids, flammable substances, liquids in glass containers, glassware, musical instruments, televisions, radio products, instruments, etc., as well as cargo in bulky high-dimensional containers, lightweight cargo transported with lashing in terms of loading height in excess of the established dimensions of the vehicle, dust-producing (cargo, explosives) - up to 15%;
when working at a distance of up to 1 km, as well as in off-road conditions, in quarries and on hard-to-reach sections of the road (during mud, in the absence of roads, etc.) - up to 40% against the norms established for natural dirt roads;
when working at a distance of over 1 to 3 km on roads of groups A, B, C - up to 20%.
When operating a tractor with a semi-trailer, the time standards for 1 tkm are taken with a coefficient of 1.2, and when working, respectively, with a semi-trailer and a trailer or two trailers - 1.0.
For class 4 cargo that provides a load capacity utilization factor below 0.5 when the vehicle is fully loaded in size using extended sides, it is allowed to set time standards based on the actual utilization factor of the vehicle's carrying capacity.
In cases where, as a result of the use of extended sides and other similar measures when transporting goods of classes 2-4, the vehicle's carrying capacity is fully used, correction factors to time standards are not applied.
Time standards for 1 t.km when working on Group I vehicles (onboard vehicles and general purpose vans)
Car carrying capacity, t | Standard time, min. |
|||
In the city | Outside the city along groups of roads |
|||
Time standards and piece rates per 1 t.km when working on Group II vehicles (specialized: dump trucks, vans, refrigerators, container ships, etc.; truck tractors with semi-trailers and ballast tractors with trailers)
Car carrying capacity, t | Standard time, min. |
|||
In the city | Outside the city along groups of roads |
|||
When using the specified time standards, workers involved in organizing transportation, as well as those responsible for organizing the work of drivers, must take into account the new Interindustry time standards for loading, unloading wagons, vehicles and warehouse work, approved by the resolution of the Ministry of Labor and social development of the Russian Federation dated 01.01.2001 N 76.
Table 2 - Standards for downtime of onboard vehicles when loading and unloading bulk cargo by mechanization
|
Shipping Name |
Way | ||||||||
|
loading |
unloading |
over 1.5 to 3.0 |
over 3.0 to 5.0 |
over 5.0 to 7.0 |
over 7.0 to 10.0 |
over 10.0 to 15.0 |
over 15.0 to 20.0 |
over 20.0 |
|
|
Fertilizers, manure, etc. |
Excavator up to 1 cubic. m |
Scrapers, nets | |||||||
|
Excavator from 1 to 3 cubic meters. m |
Scrapers, nets | ||||||||
|
Bunker, grain loader, conveyor |
Truck unloader | ||||||||
|
From a combine hopper, by a loader |
Truck unloader | ||||||||
Table 3 – Standards for downtime of onboard vehicles during loading and unloading by cranes, forklifts and other similar mechanisms of packaged and unpackaged cargo that does not require special devices for securing them
|
Load capacity car, t |
Mass of the load while lifting the mechanism, t |
|||
|
up to 1.0 |
over 1.0 to 3.0 |
over 3.0 to 5.0 |
over 5.0 |
|
|
standard time, min. |
standard time, min. |
standard time, min. |
standard time, min. |
|
|
Over 1.5 to 3.0 | ||||
|
Over 3.0 to 5.0 | ||||
|
Over 5.0 to 7.0 | ||||
|
Over 7.0 to 10.0 | ||||
|
Over 10.0 to 15.0 | ||||
|
Over 15.0 to 20.0 | ||||
Table 4 – Standards for downtime of dump trucks during mechanized loading of bulk cargo and unloading with a dump truck
|
Shipping Name |
Way loading |
Bucket capacity, cubic meters m |
Loading capacity of dump trucks, t |
|||||||||||
|
over 1.5 to 3.0 |
over 3.0 to 4.0 |
over 4.0 to 5.0 |
over 5.0 to 6.0 |
over 6.0 to 7.0 |
over 7.0 to 9.0 |
over 9.0 to 10.0 |
over 10.0 to 12.0 |
over 12.0 to 15.0 |
over 15.0 to 20.0 |
over 20.0 to 25.0 |
over 25.0 |
|||
|
Standard downtime for 1 ton of cargo, min |
||||||||||||||
|
Fertilizers, manure, etc. |
Excavator | |||||||||||||
|
Construction and other cargo that can be easily separated from the body of a dump truck (sand, earth, crushed stone, gravel, natural stones, expanded clay, etc.) |
Excavator |
Over 1 to 3 | ||||||||||||
|
Over 3 to 5 | ||||||||||||||
|
Viscous and semi-viscous loads (clay, raw rock, etc.), as well as partially frozen and compacted soil |
Excavator |
Over 1 to 3 | ||||||||||||
|
Over 3 to 5 | ||||||||||||||
|
Cereals (rye, barley, wheat, etc.) |
Bunker, grain loader | |||||||||||||
|
Vegetables (potatoes, beets, etc.) |
From a bunker, a combine | |||||||||||||
|
Gravel, crushed stone, natural stones, coal, etc. |
Bunker, conveyor | |||||||||||||
|
Mortars, building masses (concrete, cement, asphalt, etc.) |
Bunker | |||||||||||||
|
Mixer | ||||||||||||||
|
Cereal flour and all other technical flours |
Bunker | |||||||||||||
Note. Downtime standards also apply to tractor-trailers and dump trucks.
Table 5 – Standards for downtime of onboard vehicles for loading and unloading cargo in packages using a mechanized method
|
Car carrying capacity, t |
Standard downtime for 1 ton of cargo, min |
|||||||||||
|
truck cranes |
gantry, bridge and other cranes |
auto and electric forklifts |
||||||||||
|
Pallets gross weight, t |
||||||||||||
Table 6 – Standards for downtime of onboard vehicles and container ships when loading or unloading containers with cranes, forklifts and other similar mechanisms
Table 7 – Downtime standards for flatbed vehicles and general purpose vans when loading and unloading manually bulk cargo, packaged and unpackaged
|
Standard time, min. |
Vehicle load capacity, t |
Standard time, min. |
|
Norms for operating and idle time of trucks
Standards for vehicle downtime for loading and unloading cargo are set depending on:
Methods for performing loading and unloading operations.
The type of loading and unloading machines and mechanisms used.
Type and carrying capacity of rolling stock of road transport.
Kind of cargo.
The composition of vehicle downtime can be represented as the following diagram.
When determining the composition of idle time for vehicles, it is meant that loading and unloading of vehicles is carried out without visiting intermediate points.
To determine the time standard for the full load capacity of the vehicle, the time standard set for 1 ton should be multiplied by the vehicle’s load capacity.
With a mechanized method of loading and unloading cargo onto vans, the time norms per 1 ton can increase by up to 10% (compared to flatbed vehicles).
Standards for vehicle downtime during partially mechanized loading and unloading of cargo are set at half the rate provided for manual and mechanized loading and unloading for each operation.
When vehicles are idle for loading and unloading industrial and food cargo that requires special care (glass, porcelain, earthenware, various liquids in glass containers, musical instruments, televisions, radio equipment, appliances, furniture, etc.), as well as small-piece cargo transported in bulk or in small packaging that require recounting (linen, shoes, hats, clothing, haberdashery, various fabrics, books, toys, vegetables, fruits, fresh berries, etc.), the standard downtime per 1 ton is increased to 25%.
Managers of motor transport enterprises are allowed to set internal standards for vehicle downtime for loading and unloading cargo, based on specific operating conditions, in the following cases:
when loading dump trucks with a lifting capacity of over 8 tons using excavators with a bucket capacity of up to 1 cubic meter. m, loading and unloading on-board vehicles with a carrying capacity of over 8 tons using mechanisms with simultaneous lifting of 1 ton loads, as well as manually;
when loading or unloading cargo with delivery of a vehicle to several sections of warehouses or individual warehouse premises on the territory of warehouse bases, stations, ports, marinas, enterprises, construction and trade organizations, including retail outlets in the city;
when loading and unloading large-sized and heavy cargo that requires special devices for securing them, having a mass of one piece of more than 500 kg (including cargo in barrels, drums, cylinders, on reels, in rolls and coils), as well as cargo, loading and unloading of which is carried out by self-propelled vehicles.
Large-sized cargo includes cargo with a space greater than: height - 2.5 m, or width - 2 m, or length - 3 m.
Despite the legislative permission for the introduction of internal time standards, it should be noted that in cases where the time standards in force at enterprises are lower than the Unified Time Standards, the current standards must be applied.
The tables below indicate the downtime standards for various types of vehicles when loading and unloading individual cargo in different ways, as well as the time standards for transporting goods.
When establishing time standards for loading and unloading cargo manually, the estimated number of loaders was adopted to ensure compliance with the Unified Time Standards.
^ Standards for downtime of dump trucks during mechanized loading of bulk cargo, unloading them with a dump truck (min. per 1 ton of cargo)
^ Name of cargo
Loading method
Bucket capacity, cubic meters m
^ Loading capacity of dump trucks, t
over 1.5 TO 3.0
over 3.0 TO 4.0
over 4.0 to 5.0
over 5.0 to 6.0
over 6.0 to 7.0
over 7.0 TO 9.0
over 9.0 TO 10.0
over 10.0 to 12.0
over 12.0 TO 15.0
over 15.0 to 20.0
over 20.0 TO 25.0
over 25.0
Fertilizers, manure, etc.
Excavator
Construction and other cargo that can be easily separated from the body of a dump truck (sand, earth, crushed stone, gravel, natural stones, expanded clay, etc.)
Excavator
Up to 1
Over 1 to 3
Over 3 to 5
Over 5
2,66
1,88
1,15
0,76
2,10
1,40
1,03
0,66
1,97
1,25
0,98
0,59
1,88
1,20
0,84
0,53
1,75
1,03
0,74
0,49
0,91
0,67
0,44
0,82
0,61
0,35
0,75
0,54
0,30
0,68
0,41
0,28
Viscous and semi-viscous loads (clay, raw rock, etc.), as well as partially frozen and compacted soil
Excavator
Up to 1
Over 1 to 3
Over 3 to 5
Over 5
2,50
1,80
1,35
2,25
1,61
1,26
2,14
1,54
1,20
1,05
2,10
1,32
1,05
0,91
1,16
0,95
0,80
1,05
0,90
0,75
0,96
0,83
0,69
0,86
0,75
0,65
0,70
0,60
0,55
0,62
0,53
0,49
0,60
0,52
0,48
Bunker, grain loader
Vegetables (potatoes, beets, etc.)
From a bunker, a combine
Gravel, crushed stone, natural stones, coal, etc.
Bunker, conveyor
Mortars, building masses (concrete, cement, asphalt, etc.)
Hopper mixer
Cereal flour and all other technical flours
Bunker
^ Standards for downtime of onboard vehicles when loading and unloading bulk cargo by mechanization (min. per 1 ton)
^ Name of cargo
Carrying capacity of onboard vehicles, t
loading
unloading
Over 1.5 to 3.0
Over 3 to 5
Over 5 to 7
Over 7 to 10
Over 10 to 15
Over 15 to 20
Fertilizers, manure, etc.
Excavator up to 1 cubic. m
Scrapers, nets
Excavator from 1 to 3 cubic meters. m
Scrapers, nets
Cereals (rye, barley, wheat, etc.)
Bunker, grain loader, conveyor
Truck unloader
Vegetables (potatoes, beets, etc.)
From a combine hopper, by a loader
Unloader vehicle
Standards of downtime for onboard vehicles during loading and unloading by cranes, forklifts and other similar mechanisms of packaged and unpackaged cargo that does not require special devices for securing them (min.)
Mass of the load while lifting the mechanism, t
Over 1.0 to 3.0
^Over 3.0 TO 5.0
Over 1.5 to 3.0
^ Over 3.0 to 5.0
Over 5.0 to 7.0
^ Over 7.0 to 10.0
Over 10.0 to 15.0
^ Over 15.0 to 20.0
^ Standards for downtime of onboard vehicles for loading and unloading cargo in packages using a mechanized method and piece rates (min. per 1 ton)
^ Car load capacity
Pallets gross weight, t
truck cranes
gantry, bridge and other cranes
auto and electric forklifts
^ Standards for downtime of tank vehicles when loading and unloading liquid cargo
^ Operating volume of the tank, cubic meters. m, thousand l
By gravity
^ Using a pump
Filling with a pump, draining by gravity, and vice versa
dark petroleum products
food cargo and light petroleum products
dark oil products
food cargo and light petroleum products
dark petroleum products
^ Over 1.5 to 3.0
Over 3.0 to 5.0
^ Over 5.0 to 7.0
Over 7.0 to 10.0
^ Over 10.0 to 15.0
Over 15.0 to 20.0
^ Standards for downtime of tank cars when loading through the top hatches and unloading by gravity and pneumatic methods
^ Operating volume of the tank, thousand liters, cubic meters. m
Standard time for tank operating volume, min.
floury raw materials
Construction Materials
^ Over 3.0 to 5.0
Over 5.0 to 7.0
^ Over 7.0 to 10.0
Over 10.0 to 15.0
^ Over 15.0 to 20.0
Note. The standards take into account additional time for blowing the tank and purging the discharge hose.
^ Standards for downtime of onboard vehicles and container ships when loading or unloading containers with cranes, forklifts and other similar mechanisms
Container weight, t
^ Standard vehicle downtime when loading or unloading one container, min.
Note. The time standards include the time required for loading (unloading) cargo with a toe or carry of the cargo, for maneuvering a vehicle (road train), tying and untying the cargo, covering the cargo with a tarpaulin and removing the tarpaulin, opening and closing the sides (doors) of the vehicle and trailers, and also registration of documents for the import (export) of goods. The specified downtime standards also apply to tractor-trailer vehicles.
^ Downtime standards for flatbed vehicles and general purpose vans when loading and unloading manually bulk cargo, packaged and unpackaged
^ Vehicle load capacity, t
Standard time, min.
^ Standards for downtime of onboard vehicles when loading or unloading goods manually into a container without removing it from the vehicle
Container weight, t
^ Standard vehicle downtime when loading or unloading cargo, min.
to the first container
for the second and each subsequent container in this trip
^ Over 0.5 to 1.25
Over 1.25 to 2.0
^ Over 2.0 to 3.0
Over 3.0 to 5.0
^ Over 5.0 to 10.0
Over 10.0 to 20.0
Standards for downtime of specialized rolling stock for container transportation of goods when loading or unloading containers using lifting equipment
^ Rolling stock
Standard downtime when loading or unloading one container, min.
^ Weight of one container, t
from 0.25 to 0.45
from 0.45 to 0.625
Self-loader vehicle with tail lift (model TsPKTB A130)
^ Van with a tail lift (model TsPKTB-A130F)
^ Self-loader vehicle with crane installation 4030P
^ Self-loader vehicle with a portal crane based on the ZIL-130 vehicle (model NIIAT-A825)
^ Self-loader vehicle with a portal crane (model NIIAT-P404)
^ Self-loader vehicle with a portal crane based on the KamAZ-5320 vehicle (model 5983)
^ Semitrailer-self-loader HLS-200.78 TK
Note. The standard downtime for loading or unloading a vehicle is determined by multiplying the standard time set for one container by the number of containers.
^ Standards for vehicle downtime when performing additional work during loading or unloading cargo
Name of works
Standard downtime, min.
1. Weighing cargo on truck scales:
1.1. For each determination of the weight of cargo in a car or trailer (weighing an empty and loaded car or trailer), regardless of the class of cargo and the carrying capacity of the car
1.2. For each determination of the weight of cargo in a road train (weighing an empty and loaded vehicle with a trailer or semi-trailer), regardless of the class of cargo and the carrying capacity of the vehicle
2. Weighing or re-weighing cargo on decimal or hundredth scales on a vehicle (road train) with a carrying capacity, t: up to 4 inclusive over 4 up to 7 inclusive over 7
3. Conversion of cargo spaces for each car, semi-trailer or trailer, regardless of cargo class and carrying capacity
4. Arrival at each intermediate loading or unloading point, regardless of the carrying capacity of the vehicle (road train)
^ Time standards for uncoupling and hitching exchange semi-trailers
Semi-trailer load capacity, t
^ Standard time, min.
for a clue
to uncouple
Over 10 to 20
^ Driving conditions
Average truck speed
Group A highways
Group B roads
Group B highways
Settlements located on the highway
Cities with a population of over 60 thousand inhabitants located along the route
Table 7.13
Estimated mileage rates for trucks
Time standards for 1 t-km N(time) are calculated using the following formula:
60 N(v) = -------,
V хр x q
where 60 is the conversion factor of 1 hour per minute; V is the estimated mileage of a truck, km/h; P is the mileage utilization coefficient, (3 = 0.5; q is the vehicle’s carrying capacity, i.e.
a) when working outside the city:
^ Groups of highways
Transport characteristics
Estimated vehicle mileage V, km/h
Main roads of high-speed traffic, main streets of citywide importance of continuous traffic
Main roads of regulated traffic, main streets of citywide importance of regulated traffic and regional importance
Local streets and roads
b) when working in the city - regardless of the type of road surface for cars and road trains with a carrying capacity of up to 7 tons (tank truck up to 6 thousand l) - 25 km per hour, and for 7 tons (tank truck 6 thousand l) and above - 24 km at one o'clock.
During the time a car driver works on roads of different groups in one trip, time standards for single trips are established for the predominant group of roads.
Estimated mileage rates for trucks can be reduced by the head of the enterprise:
when transporting cargo that requires special care (acids, flammable substances, liquids in glass containers, glassware, musical instruments, televisions, radio products, instruments, etc., as well as cargo in bulky high-dimensional containers, lightweight cargo transported with lashing in terms of loading height in excess of the established dimensions of the vehicle, dust-producing (cargo, explosives) - up to 15%;
when working at a distance of up to 1 km, as well as in off-road conditions, in quarries and on hard-to-reach sections of the road (during mud, in the absence of roads, etc.) - up to 40% against the norms established for natural dirt roads;
when working at a distance of over 1 to 3 km on roads of groups A, B, C - up to 20%.
When operating a tractor with a semi-trailer, the time standards for 1 tkm are taken with a coefficient of 1.2, and when working, respectively, with a semi-trailer and a trailer or two trailers - 1.0.
For class 4 cargo that provides a load capacity utilization factor below 0.5 when the vehicle is fully loaded in size using extended sides, it is allowed to set time standards based on the actual utilization factor of the vehicle's carrying capacity.
In cases where, as a result of the use of extended sides and other similar measures when transporting goods of classes 2-4, the vehicle's carrying capacity is fully used, correction factors to time standards are not applied.
^ Time standards for 1 t.km when working on Group I vehicles (onboard vehicles and general purpose vans)
^ Vehicle load capacity, t
Standard time, min.
^ Outside the city by road groups
font size
GENERAL RULES FOR CARGO TRANSPORT BY ROAD TRANSPORT (approved by the Ministry of Autotransport of the RSFSR 30-07-71) (2020) Current in 2018
TIME STANDARDS FOR LOADING OR UNLOADING VEHICLES (ROAD TRAINS)
1. Time standards for loading and unloading operations performed by railways during the centralized delivery (export) of goods to railway stations by public road transport are given in Table. 1, 2, 3.
Table 1
TIME STANDARDS FOR MECHANIZED LOADING AND UNLOADING OF VEHICLES
(in minutes)
| Loading | Unloading | |||
| cargo transported with a count of places (pcs.) | cargo transported without counting places (in bulk) | |||
| Up to 1.5 inclusive | 9 | 4 | 9 | 4 |
| 10 | 5 | 10 | 5 | |
| "2.5 to 4" | 12 | 6 | 12 | 6 |
| "4 to 7" | 15 | 7 | 15 | 7 |
| "7 to 10" | 20 | 8 | 20 | 8 |
| "10 to 15" | 25 | 10 | 25 | 10 |
| "15 to 20" | 30 | 15 | 30 | 15 |
Note. Mechanized loading or unloading is considered to be when loading cargo into the body of a car or removing it from the body of a car is carried out by lifting and transport machines.
table 2
TIME STANDARDS FOR NON-MECHANIZED LOADING AND UNLOADING OF VEHICLES
(in minutes)
| Car load capacity (tons) | Loading | Unloading | ||
| cargo transported with a count of places (pcs.) | cargo transported without counting places (in bulk) | cargo transported with a count of places (pcs.) | cargo transported without counting places (in bulk) | |
| Up to 1.5 inclusive | 19 | 14 | 13 | 8 |
| Over 1.5 to 2.5 inclusive | 20 | 15 | 15 | 10 |
| "2.5 to 4" | 24 | 18 | 18 | 12 |
| "4 to 7" | 29 | 21 | 22 | 14 |
| "7 to 10" | 37 | 25 | 28 | 16 |
| "10 to 15" | 45 | 30 | 34 | 19 |
| "15 to 20" | 52 | 37 | 40 | 25 |
Note. Non-mechanized loading (unloading) is considered to be when loading cargo into the body of a car or removing it from the body of a car is done manually.
Table 3
TIME STANDARDS FOR LOADING (UNLOADING) CONTAINERS ON VEHICLES
(in minutes)
2. Time standards indicated in table. 1 and 2, increase:
a) when weighing cargo on truck scales or recalculating cargo packages - for 4 minutes for each determination of cargo weight or recalculation in each car or trailer, regardless of the class of cargo and the carrying capacity of the car and trailer;
b) when weighing and re-weighing cargo on decimal, hundredth scales on a car (road train) with a carrying capacity of up to 4 tons inclusive - for 9 minutes, with a carrying capacity of over 4 to 7 tons - for 13 minutes and for cars (road trains) with a carrying capacity of over 7 tons - for 18 minutes;
c) by 10% if loading or unloading of goods is carried out from van-type vehicles;
d) by 25% - when loading and unloading industrial and food cargo that requires special care (glass, porcelain and earthenware, various liquids in glass containers, musical instruments, televisions, radio products, appliances, furniture), as well as small piece cargo, transported in bulk or in small packaging and requiring recounting (linen, shoes, hats, clothing, haberdashery, knitwear, various fabrics, stationery, books, toys, meat and meat products, dairy products).
3. For loading and unloading large-sized and heavy cargo that requires special devices for securing them, time standards are established depending on specific conditions by agreement of the parties.
4. When delivering vehicles to several sections of warehouses or individual storage facilities, by mutual agreement of the parties signing an agreement for the centralized delivery (export) of goods, average complex standards for vehicle (road train) downtime for loading or unloading and performing additional operations can be established, taking into account established standards and the actual number of additional operations performed.
5. The downtime of a vehicle (road train) for loading or unloading is calculated from the moment the vehicle (road train) is delivered to the place of loading or unloading and the driver presents transport documents for the transportation of goods until the moment the loading or unloading is completed and the driver is presented with properly executed transport documents.
6. Within the time standards specified in table. 1, 2, 3, includes the time required for loading (unloading) cargo with a toss or carry of the cargo, for maneuvering the vehicle (road train), tying and untying the cargo, covering the cargo with a tarpaulin and removing the tarpaulin, opening and closing the sides (doors) of the vehicle and trailers, as well as paperwork for the import (export) of goods.
Appendix No. 4
to the Rules for centralized delivery
(export) of cargo by road
public transport
at the railway station,
located
on the territory of the RSFSR
Coordination of the operation of transport and loading equipment. The concept of standards for vehicle idle time during loading and unloading.
Coordination of the operation of transport and loading equipment
To avoid unproductive idle time of vehicles at loading and unloading points, coordination of their work must be ensured.
The condition for uninterrupted (synchronous) operation of loading points and vehicles is the equality of the rhythm of the point’s operation and the interval of vehicle movement on the routes.
Where R- the rhythm of the point’s operation (the period of time between the departure of two loaded (unloaded) cars leaving the point in succession; 1 a- vehicle traffic interval (time period between the arrival of two vehicles at a point).
And 
, That 
(1)
Where t about -- vehicle turnover time, A M- number of cars on the route.
Transforming equality 1 we get:
(2)
(3)
Equality (2) allows us to determine the required number of vehicles operating on the route and ensuring the rhythmic operation of loading (unloading) posts.
Equality (3) allows us to determine the required number of loading (unloading) points that will ensure rhythmic operation of a given number of cars.
The downtime of a vehicle during loading and unloading depends on a large number of factors, and also the turnaround time of vehicles is determined by a number of factors, so it is advisable to consider this process as random and it is advisable to calculate the ratio of the number of loading and unloading points and vehicles on the route using the formulas of queuing theory .
Standards for vehicle idle time during loading and unloading
The following duration of vehicle downtime at loading and unloading points is established (Tables 1, 2, 3).
Table 1
Time standards on loading (unloading) of onboard vehicles and vans
table 2
Time standards for dump trucks
Table 3
Time standards for loading (unloading) universal containers
Time standards for additional types of work are also established:
weighing a car, trailer - 4 minutes;
recalculation of cargo items - 3 min.;
arrival at intermediate loading (unloading) points - 9 minutes;
weighing on small scales - 3 min. for 1 ton.
Standards for operating and idle time of vehicles
Standards for vehicle downtime for loading and unloading cargo are set depending on:
Methods for performing loading and unloading operations.
Types of loading and unloading machines and mechanisms used.
Type and carrying capacity of rolling stock of road transport.
Kind of cargo.
The composition of vehicle downtime can be represented as the following diagram.
When determining the composition of idle time for vehicles, it is meant that loading and unloading of vehicles is carried out without visiting intermediate points.
To determine the time standard for the full load capacity of the vehicle, the time standard set for 1 ton should be multiplied by the vehicle’s load capacity.
Operational properties of the road. Influence of operational properties on the likelihood of an accident. Regulatory requirements for parameters assessing the operational properties of highways.
The reliability of a highway as an integrated transport structure is the ability to ensure the safe design movement of traffic flow at an average speed close to optimal during the standard or specified service life of the road with sufficient values of other indicators.
The criteria for the operational reliability of highways are the following:
continuous, safe and convenient movement of vehicles;
operability as the state of the road in which it performs specified functions with the parameters established by the requirements of technical documentation;
actual, in comparison with the required, service life of the road;
degree of safety margin for road pavement capacity and strength;
maintainability as the adaptation of a structure to prevent and detect the causes of failures, damage and eliminate their consequences by carrying out repairs and maintenance.
Road factors that determine the potential risk of an accident include the type of road, its geometric parameters, the number of intersections and junctions of secondary roads, the arrangement of intersections, and the speed limit.
Lane width and roadway width are important factors affecting traffic safety. For example, with a road lane width outside a populated area of 3 m, during oncoming traffic, safety is ensured only at low speed. Otherwise, a collision or vehicles may go off the side of the road. On roads of lower categories, the shoulder does not have an improved surface, so driving onto it can lead to side slipping and overturning of the vehicle.
With a lane width of 3.5 m, driving safety increases significantly. A traffic lane with a width of 3.75 m allows oncoming vehicles to pass without reducing speed, even if it is close to the speed limit for both vehicles.
To better guide drivers relative to the right edge of the roadway and preserve the road surface on new roads, edge strips up to 0.75 m wide are laid along the roadway. It is not allowed to run into them, but the driver can confidently drive the vehicle at the very edge of the roadway. On highways with a median strip, edge strips are installed on both sides.
On roads with heterogeneous driving conditions (sharp turns, slopes alternating with straight sections), the relative number of accidents is higher compared to roads that provide smooth and calm driving conditions. The average ratio between the radii of horizontal curves and the number of road accidents with casualties per 1 million vehicle-km is as follows:
Curve radius Relative accident risk
Straight section………………………………………………………..1
400 m and more………………………...…………………………………..1.5 - 2
400...200 m………………………………………………………………2 - 4
200...100 m………………………………………………………4 - 8
Intersections and junctions. According to statistics, with an increase in the number of intersections and junctions per 1 km of road, the number of accidents increases, since the likelihood of an incorrect assessment of the situation and driver errors increases:
Number of intersections and junctions Relative risk of accidents
per 1 km of road
0 - 5…………………………………………………………………………1
6 – 15…………………………………………………………………1,25 - 2,5
16 – 30………………………………………………………………..1,75 - 3
30 or more…………………………………………………………….2.5 - 6
Parameters that evaluate the operational properties of highways
in the order of the MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
ABOUT THE PROCEDURE FOR ASSESSING THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF HIGHWAYS
