Many modern devices do not operate from the electrical network, but from a battery that stores energy. Cars, mobile phones, players, etc. are designed according to this principle. Different types of chargers are used to service equipment. They can be used for industrial purposes, as well as for servicing home portable devices.
Main types
There are different classifications of battery chargers. All of them are based on various parameters and properties of the devices. Depending on how they work, there are 2 types:
In addition, chargers are usually divided according to operating speed. . Taking this criterion into account, the following types are distinguished:
Pulse devices
These devices are designed to charge small household appliances. They are equipped with an electronic timer that can operate for 4 hours in fast charge mode. During this period, almost any discharged battery gains its capacity.
After this time, the device switches to pulse charging mode. Energy is supplied to the output elements of the device to maintain the charge level.
The advantages of such models are as follows:
- Low cost.
- Technical simplicity.
- Ease of use.
Typically, manufacturers set the timer based on the fact that the battery is completely discharged. If it was partially discharged, then there is a risk of damage to the battery due to excess current. This feature does not apply to branded batteries of mobile phones, tablets and other digital equipment, unless they are charged using universal devices.
The most advanced types of chargers with microprocessors are considered to be the most advanced in their range. They do not allow the battery to be recharged, so they can be used to work with any devices, even if they are not completely, but partially discharged. The disadvantages of such models include a very high price.
It is highly undesirable to replace a proprietary device from a phone or PDA with a universal one, since they may have differences in the structure of the electrical connectors. When connecting any household appliance to charging, first plug in the charger itself, and then connect a phone or other device to it.
Car accessories
All devices for charging car batteries are usually divided into several groups. Based on the existing classification, there are:
When choosing a charger for cars, you should consider some features of its operation. If possible, then it is better to give preference to the charging and starting option. Having such a device and an electrical outlet at hand, you can always start the car without waiting for the battery to be fully charged.
When buying a charger, it is better to choose a model that exceeds the battery requirements by about 10%. For those who are not strong in electrical engineering, an automatic model is more suitable - although it costs a little more, it will help to avoid unnecessary difficulties.
It is better to buy a device in trusted stores, giving preference to reliable manufacturers. Before using the device, be sure to read the instructions.
All chargers can be divided into 3 types. The simplest are non-automatic devices with a mains power supply. This is a transformer type power supply. These chargers do not have battery protection circuits. They can be distinguished by their large size and weight. As for transformer chargers, they are very reliable and durable. But they are not so safe. They lead to overheating of the battery, as well as boiling of the electrolyte. As a result, and sometimes the battery cells are destroyed. Today, large transformer chargers are almost completely out of use.
Modern mobile devices, in addition to a convenient miniature power supply, have a simple and functional Android OS. Now on the Internet you can find many sites offering Android 236 games and a lot of different applications for work and entertainment. These games are perfect for smartphones and tablets, giving their users several hours of pleasantly spent leisure time.
Pulse chargers
Today, the most popular chargers are those designed for portable equipment. These are automatic pulse chargers with an electronic timer. At the same time, the charger timer can operate in fast charge mode for about four hours. During this period, a discharged battery is able to gain the bulk of its capacity. After this, the timer switches the charger to pulse charging mode. In this case, electrical energy is supplied in small portions to the terminals of the battery cells to maintain it in a charged state.
Chargers with a timer are simple and inexpensive. They are also very comfortable. However, they still need to be used with caution. Please note that the timer is set by the manufacturer for the period of charging a completely discharged battery. If you insert a partially discharged battery into the device socket, overcharging will occur and the battery may eventually be damaged by excess current.
This rule does not apply to cellular devices, as well as PDAs, digital players and other equipment with a proprietary battery. But if you use universal chargers, then this rule should be taken into account.
Please note that a full discharge is very dangerous for any battery, and primarily for lithium-ion ones. They can even fail due to complete discharge. Please note that the device should be recharged from time to time when not in use.
The most advanced and versatile are microprocessor-controlled chargers. They can charge any battery.
They prevent overcharging of batteries. They can be used to charge any partially discharged batteries. But keep in mind that such chargers are very expensive.
It is not advisable to replace a branded cell phone charger with a universal one due to differences in electrical connectors and possible errors. Branded chargers are created specifically for a particular type of battery. So this should be taken into account.
How to properly connect the charger? In the case of cell phones, the sequence is as follows: first you must connect the charger to the electrical network, and then the phone to the charger. Otherwise, you may damage your phone.
Easy to use and a necessary accessory. Used almost every day. Most likely, you have several of them at home. What is this? Charger! For phone, tablet, reader, smart watch...
Types of chargers – mains, car and induction
AC charger is an accessory that allows you to charge devices using electric current directly from an outlet. This means that you can use it not only at home or at work, but wherever you have access to electricity. The USB cable detachable from the power supply allows you to charge the device using the USB port on your computer or laptop.
Car charger is an accessory that charges devices from the cigarette lighter socket in the car. Most often it consists of a power supply that connects directly to the cigarette lighter with a USB output on a cable that has a USB connector on one side and a micro-USB or USB type C on the other. As a rule, it only provides energy when the key is inserted into the ignition.
Inductive charger is a modern solution that allows wireless charging of devices. The accessory consists of a power cable, as well as a platform on which you place the phone for charging. The charger plugs into an outlet, and when the phone is not in use, it can be placed on the wireless charging platform. When you pick up the phone again, charging will stop.
Inductive charging will work with your smartphone if it is adapted to this technology. The metal back panel prevents the use of induction, unlike the glass body. Wireless charging is only possible with certain models that meet this requirement. You will find information on this topic in the device specification.
Charger with Power Delivery technology– this is usually a device with a USB type C connector. Thanks to this, it can be used simultaneously to charge a phone or laptop if they have compatible USB C ports. Some charger models also have standard USB 2.0 ports and can be used to charge other mobile devices devices.
Charger parameters
Once upon a time, each phone manufacturer used solutions suitable only for its devices. Later, by general agreement among manufacturers, most moved to the micro-USB standard to limit the generation of e-waste. Thanks to a single standard, theoretically, a charger from one smartphone can charge any other. You can also use it to replenish energy in your e-reader or camera.
In practice, it is worth paying attention to the characteristics of the charger, such as charging voltage, expressed in volts (V) and current strength, expressed in amperes (A). As a rule, these parameters are selected so as to effectively and safely charge the device that came with the charger. The mere fact that a charger has an identical micro USB connector does not guarantee that it will reliably charge a phone or reader of another brand.
Yes, you will charge your smartphone faster with a charger with a current of 2A and a voltage of 5V than with a charger with a current of 1A and a voltage of 5V. However, remember that high charging rates reduce battery life.
In most cases, slow charging is more optimal. We are talking, of course, about Li-Ion batteries, which are used in most modern devices. We know, however, that sometimes we don't have enough time to connect our phone to the charger for two hours. Sporadic use of a powerful charger should not harm.
How long does it take to charge different devices?
Each charger supports its own levels amperage And voltage, resulting in longer or shorter charging times for devices. Much depends on the type of charger - whether it is a wall charger, a car charger, or a cable connected to the USB port of a laptop. Another variable is the battery capacity of the device being charged. When you add all these elements together, you can even predict the approximate charging time for your device.
Majority network chargers for mobile gadgets the voltage is 5V. The difference lies in the amperage, and the values range from 1 to 2.1 A. The device with the highest amperage will charge faster. Remember, however, that high intensity may cause the battery to overheat. As a rule, both mobile devices and the chargers themselves have protection that turns off the current after the battery is fully charged, however, it is also worth remembering to turn off the phone after the energy level has been restored.
When car chargers the range is certainly wider: voltage from 3.6 to 20 Volts and current from 0.7A to 4.8A. Remember, however, that higher values are typical for chargers designed to charge multiple devices at the same time. Thus, both the voltage and current strength are “divided” into several ports - from 2 to 5. Which, however, allows for fairly fast charging.
Induction chargers allow you to use a voltage of 5-9 Volts and a current of 1-2A. In a word: they also provide relatively fast charging of devices.
Charging via USB(cable connected directly to the computer) is a slow option, but also the safest for your device. Of course, a lot depends on the USB standard: 2.0 provides a voltage of 5 Volts and a current of 0.5 A. In the case of USB 3.0 and 3.1, this is already 0.9 A. The latest USB-C standard provides a current of 0.5 A to 3 A.
Fast charging technologies
Increasingly, you can find information about support in the characteristics of smartphones fast charging technologies. Most often they concern models that have high-capacity batteries and charging them in the standard way would take too long. These technologies allow you to quickly “recharge” the battery within a few or tens of minutes so that it lasts for several more hours of operation.
Advantages fast charging technologies:
- ability to charge the device in a short time
- adaptation for equipment with large battery capacity
Flaws fast charging technologies:
- Batteries that “don’t like” high-intensity charging wear out faster
- possibility of excessive heating of the smartphone and battery
QuickCharge is a technology developed by Qualcomm. Operation requires both a charger that supports this standard and a device compatible with it. All versions of QuickCharge technology are backward compatible. Devices compatible with the technology do not have to be equipped with a Qualcomm processor, because it is not the processor that is responsible for supporting this solution, but primarily an external controller.
The solution is based on applying high voltage and current to the power supply, which increases the charging power - for example, a 5V, 1A charger provides only 5W (watts) of power during charging. A charger with a voltage of 5V and a current of 2A provides twice as much power - up to 10 Watts.
As technology developed, it came to the point that the voltage could vary from 3.6 to 20 Volts, and the maximum power was increased to 18 Watts.
Quick Charge technology also takes into account the characteristic features of lithium batteries. This type of battery works well when it charges quickly at the beginning and then gradually reduces the charging current.
Adaptive Fast Charging works on a similar principle to Quick Charge. The charger supplies the device with a current of higher voltage and strength. Thanks to this, the battery is charged in a shorter time.
The main idea of this technology is to provide as much power as possible to the battery in the shortest possible time. This makes it enough to connect the charger for 10 minutes to top up the energy for the next few hours.
The charger adjusts settings to the device's needs and charging time and reduces power over time. Thanks to this, charging may take less or longer, but in each of these situations safety is ensured.
SuperCharge is a technology that has appeared in some Huawei devices. The point is that the charging process is controlled by the charger - thanks to this, the controller in the phone can be much simpler.
The charger provides the smartphone with a standard voltage of 5V and very high current - up to 4.5A. Because charging is managed by the charger, the phone does not generate excessive heat.
Choice. At the end of the article there is a video about a simple DIY battery charger.
The content of the article:
A modern car is equipped with an increasing number of devices that are powered from the on-board network. The role of the battery is to provide additional energy in situations where the generator cannot cope with the load. And batteries, as a rule, are discharged at the most inopportune moment. Especially in winter. And unlike batteries of other electrical appliances, car batteries are not equipped with a charger; you have to buy it separately.
This is exactly the premise of the Chinese manufacturer. He decided to stabilize another element of the photographic system, namely the photosensitive matrix. So we have a solution that reduces the amount of vibration, but is also much more accurate. This is achieved by replacing the reel motor with a more complex electromechanical system. This change also brings with it other important benefits, such as the speed of vibration compensation. Stabilization of the optical system takes at least 50 milliseconds.
Also: Internet Stuff or Internet Stuff?
Sensor stabilization is 15 milliseconds. Moreover, eliminating the coil significantly reduced electricity demand. It seems that the manufacturer has managed to develop 2 new, proprietary technological solutions that will significantly affect the future of smartphones. Of course, in the near future the technology will only be used in the manufacturer’s own projects.
Types of chargers and their features
They have several classifications and, depending on their type, are endowed with certain qualities.By charging method devices are divided into 3 categories:
Fixed current method
Such devices charge the battery to the limit and quite quickly. However, at the end of the procedure, the electrolyte tends to heat up excessively, and this reduces the life of the battery, causing accelerated aging.
After the maximum power per port, a port that charges the mobile phone at 5V and is compatible with fast charging is recommended. There are wireless chargers that use the principle of magnetic inductance to charge wirelessly, but only work over a very short range and can charge very small batteries. Solar chargers are also being researched because although they want to harness the sun's free energy, they have too long a loading time and will only be practiced in areas far from civilization.
Constant voltage method
In this case, the electrolyte maintains the required temperature and there is no need to control the charging process, since with this scheme the device maintains a given voltage level. The disadvantages include a decrease in voltage at the end of the process. This does not allow the battery to charge as much as possible.
Of course, the importance of phone chargers is very high, there is no other way to boot, so manufacturers are involved in all kinds of measures, looking for new and new solutions to meet the needs of customers and mobile phone owners who do not want to have a loaded phone because it makes it impractical. if a mobile phone must always function, it must also be ensured that the device boots up like other tablet-like devices, which especially when used on the move, in traffic, in cars, they must be loaded, so there is a loader in every situation.
Combined method
It combines the two options described above - at the beginning the process occurs at a fixed current value, and at the end it switches to voltage stabilization. This tandem makes this type of device the most effective and in demand.
By charging method z/u are divided into 2 categories:
Transformer type devices
They are unlikely to be encountered in everyday life, as they have impressive dimensions and equally impressive weight. Their purpose is to convert 220V current into direct current (12V).
This is why the phone charger market is booming, providing the latest models and solutions for gadget owners to be able to use them on a regular basis. Do you need a phone charger? A very unpleasant situation if you do not have a battery and do not have the original charger. Laptops nowadays are plagued by the same problem that phones were over 10 years ago, i.e. many types of plugs and chargers with different specifications. Of course there is, but this is just a solution to the moment, not a solution to the problem.
Pulse
The principle of operation is similar to the previous version, however, this version is compact and light in weight. Therefore, they are ideal for household use.
Depending on the model, pulse chargers may have:
- end of charge indicator;
- indicator of incorrect connection (reversal of polarity);
- short circuit protection function,
- automatic charging function;
- reverse polarity protection function, etc.
Transformer models are cheaper, but in addition to the disadvantages described above, they also require monitoring during operation. Therefore, the pulse option is preferable.
Types of phone chargers and tablets
When it comes to charging your cell phone, there are several options depending on your location, so one type of charger is not enough to cover you in all situations, so you don't want it, you will have to buy a charger in time. Luckily, you can choose any budget because they are one of the most common mobile phone accessories.
Original Charger - Since all phones and tablets sold today come with a compatible charger, you probably won't need another charger unless it fails and you don't plan on charging it except from a wall outlet in your apartment.
Depending on power source, z/u are divided into 3 categories.
Powered by electricity
If the car is located in a garage where electricity is supplied, then this option is the simplest, most convenient and reliable. In this case, the battery can be recharged while the car is not in use.
For safety reasons and to prolong battery life, the original charger is the manufacturer's recommended charging method. Additionally, a failure caused by a charger made by someone else may invalidate your device.
Fast charging with fast charging
This, of course, does not mean that there are other brands to trust. Can you tell me what your favorite accessory brands are in the comments section. Fast charging is carried out by increasing not only the current, but also the charging voltage. If you still have questions, suggestions or comments, feel free to write to me using the form below. You may be very excited about the prospect of buying a new mobile phone. Throughout the process, there may be many chances to forget about purchasing a proper charger.
Powered by cigarette lighter
The disadvantages include the fact that with prolonged and/or intense (in some models the speed is regulated) recharge, there is a risk of overloading the on-board network.
But in case of unforeseen situations, you can charge the battery at any time and anywhere.
Powered by solar energy
They are rarely used, since high-quality products are expensive, and cheap ones, as a rule, are ineffective and short-lived.
It is very important to buy the right type of docking station and charger to perform all the necessary functions associated with it. You need to make an informed decision and buy a good charger for your phone. There are different types of chargers that can help you in different situations. These types will be explained below.
This type of charger is the oldest form of phone charger. It works by connecting a cable to your phone and then plugging into an AC outlet. It uses a transformer and converter that changes the DC current from the mains.
And of course, they need sunlight to work. The solar model may be useful as a supporting option. For example, for those who have a network charger, but often find themselves “far from the outlet.” For example, a fisherman, outdoor enthusiast or hunter would certainly find such a device useful.
According to purpose, the charger is divided into 2 types.
The car charger uses either a special connector or a cigarette lighter socket. The latter is also called an auxiliary socket. Users can charge their phone while traveling. The power source is directly from the car battery. The three main types of car chargers are universal charger, fast charger and low capacity charger.
The emergency charger is used by people who travel wildly on a regular basis. Therefore, it is very suitable for people who are always outside the home. They do not need a main power source. High quality batteries are sufficient to charge your phone.
Charging-starting (or starting-charging)
They perform the function of not only recharging, but also starting the engine - they operate in two modes: automatic and maximum current delivery mode.
Some models are universal; with their help you can restore the operation of the internal combustion engine, charge your phone, laptop and other devices. You just need to have a set of plugs of the right size.
However, the batteries are not strong enough to fully charge the phone as the current present in the mobile phone battery is stronger than the one found in the batteries. These chargers, called "green" chargers, have arisen due to increased attention to global warming and other related threats. The charger can operate by turning a crank to power it. There are also chargers that are powered by solar energy and can be attached to bikes.
It is important to follow the operating rules and use the device for its intended purpose only after the terminals are disconnected from the on-board network.
Charging and pre-launch
They are used only to recharge the battery; starting the engine with their help is impossible. This is due to the fact that the devices are characterized by a low operating current. The advantage is that when using them there is no need to disconnect from the on-board network.
What to consider when choosing
Before you start purchasing a battery, you should carefully study the documents for a specific battery and car (in particular, the on-board network parameters). This will allow you to avoid many difficulties and specify your requests. In fact, the information provided in the instructions is enough to select a suitable device. However, there are some minor nuances that are worth considering when choosing.
Counterfeit
There are few products that can win the competition with chargers in terms of the number of counterfeits. Therefore, it is best to buy devices from official dealers or, at least, from retail outlets that enjoy a good reputation.
If you have decided on a specific brand, it is worth searching the Internet for information about the features of the brand and its copies. It may not be possible to identify a high-quality fake in this way, but it is quite possible to rid yourself of low-grade Asian consumer goods.
Possibilities
It’s better to get a charger with a small (precisely small, you shouldn’t be too zealous) current reserve. Such an acquisition has two advantages: the device will not have to work at the limit of its capabilities, and if the battery is replaced with a model with a larger capacity, there will be no need to change the charger.
Indication
There are LED and instrument. LED is not as accurate, but it is quite sufficient for household use.
Auto mode
If possible, preference should be given to the automated option. This will relieve the owner of the need to monitor the operation of the device and possible consequences.
Manufacturer country
Many domestic products are not inferior in their characteristics to their foreign counterparts, so it is worth taking a closer look at Russian products. Not only does it benefit in price, but the risk of buying a fake is almost zero. But even a domestic device that is inferior in quality is better than a fake prestigious brand.
Transmission
For a car with an automatic transmission, the best option would be a charging and pre-starting device, since it does not require necessarily disconnecting the power source from the on-board network.
Maintenance free batteries
Misconnection protection
In the case of the so-called polarity reversal, the function will help not only prevent damage to the battery, but also to the charger itself.
Desulfation function
Allows you to restore a battery with lead sulfate formations on the plates.
Rated charge current
The rated current is the current that is 10% of the battery capacity. Having information about the battery (can be found in documents or on the product body), calculating the required charger power is not difficult.
For example, a 6A charger is suitable for most batteries with a capacity of 60-70 Ah that are equipped in passenger cars. But for a truck or jeep you will have to look for a more powerful device.
Battery type
If you have a lead acid battery (WET), it will need a special device. For batteries of other types, any charger is suitable, but their features should be taken into account.
Gel batteries (GEL) and electrolyte-coated batteries (AGM) are sensitive to temperature changes and overheating. They require a charger with a current control function and an extended temperature range.
But it’s best not to experiment and purchase a charger recommended by the manufacturer.
Conclusion
Some motorists rely on the alternator, considering the condition of the battery to be a secondary problem. However, having a charger can make a driver’s life much easier, because you never know how soon you will need help from the battery or when it will be completely discharged. And to do this, sometimes it is enough to leave the side lights on at night or park the car at the entrance for a while with the alarm on.
Video about a simple DIY battery charger:
Types of chargers. Safety rules when charging batteries.
The most common types of chargers:
Accelerated chargers 1–3 hours;
Not every type of battery can be charged in a rapid charger; for example, a lead-acid battery will not be able to charge as quickly as a nickel-cadmium battery.
Determining the end of the charge is extremely important in accelerated chargers, since longer charging of the battery at higher currents and, accordingly, an increase in temperature are dangerous for the battery.
Slow chargers 14–16 hour (sometimes 24 hour);
If a Ni-Cd battery is charged with a current of 1 C (100% current of the rated capacity for an hour), then the typical capacity charge efficiency will be 0.91 (for an ideal battery it will be 1). For a 100% charge, charge for 66 minutes. On a slow charge of 0.1 C (10% current of the rated capacity for 10 hours), the charge efficiency in terms of capacity will be 0.71.
The reason for low charging efficiency is that part of the charge energy absorbed by the battery is wasted through dissipation into heat. Therefore, in a slow charger (the current is 0.1 C, i.e. 10% of the nominal capacity - see capacity assessment), it is recommended to charge the battery for 14–16 hours (this should not be taken as a 140% charge!), and not within 10 hours.
Typically, slow chargers (for Ni-Cd, Ni-MH batteries, the charging current is 10% of the nominal battery capacity) do not determine the end of the charge, since with a low charging current, keeping the battery in the charger for a longer time, say, 1–2 hours, does not leads to critical consequences.
Air conditioning chargers;
The preference for conditioning chargers is that by constantly charging Ni-MH and Ni-Cd batteries in these chargers, you can significantly increase the life of the batteries (not forgetting about the rules of battery operation!)
Car batteries are complex and dangerous equipment. They are manufactured using toxic and dangerous chemicals that can cause harm to the human body if the basic rules for safe work with batteries are not followed. They must be handled following safety precautions, since batteries contain dangerous explosives and harmful toxic substances:
Sulfuric acid is extremely dangerous, toxic, easily reacts with all elements, causing burns, fire, and vapor poisoning. When interacting with water, in the case of preparing an electrolyte, a lot of heat and gas are released. Charged car batteries have a 30-40% concentration of sulfuric acid in the electrolyte, while discharged ones have only 10% or less. It contains small proportions of arsenic, manganese, heavy metals, nitrogen oxide, iron, copper, and chloride compounds.
Lead – Lead and lead salts (lead sulfate) are extremely toxic substances. The toxicity of lead does not have such a bright immediate effect as sulfuric acid, but it tends to accumulate in the body, affecting vital organs, such as the kidneys. Constant lead poisoning causes headaches, fatigue, and pain in the heart.
Arsenic is very poisonous. Poisoning occurs when only 5 mg enters the human body, and it also accumulates, causing serious consequences. Arsenic compounds are also poisonous. Causes headaches, vomiting, abdominal pain, and nervous disorders.
Hydrogen is an explosive and flammable gas. At a ratio of approximately 2 to 5, hydrogen and oxygen form an explosive gas that can cause a strong explosion. Every year, tens of thousands of people suffer burns and injuries from oxyhydrogen gas explosions while working with batteries.
Safety rules when working with batteries:
1) Car batteries can only be charged in a well-ventilated area or with constant air supply.
2) You can work with electrolyte only in rubber gloves and safety glasses; the surface of the skin should be covered as much as possible with clothing.
3) You CANNOT pour distilled water into sulfuric acid, only acid into water, because water is lighter than acid, when it hits its surface, it boils and sprays toxic liquid around. When acid enters water, it immediately sinks and cannot splash out.
4) DO NOT smoke, light anything on fire, or use faulty electrical appliances that may cause a spark while charging the battery.
5) Before charging the battery, it is necessary to release the accumulated gases and clean the gas outlet. Even if the battery is fully charged, when you install it, you need to wait until all the gases have evaporated.
6) Ventilate the engine compartment before installing the car battery in its seat. Connect after some time, do not try to cause a “spark” to avoid an explosion.
7) DO NOT charge car batteries in a closed area where people are, for example, in an apartment. The evaporation of vapors of toxic compounds can cause mild poisoning, causing typical symptoms of chemical poisoning: headache, nausea, sore eyes, fatigue, nervous breakdown and irritability.
1. General safety requirements.
1.1. Persons who have passed a medical examination, introductory instruction on labor protection, on-the-job instruction, who have mastered the practical skills of performing work safely and who have passed testing of the knowledge and skills acquired during the instruction are allowed to work on charging and servicing batteries.
1.2. During their work, battery workers are required to comply with the internal labor regulations of the enterprise.
Smoking is permitted in places specially designated for this purpose, provided with fire extinguishing equipment.
1.3. It is necessary to keep the workplace tidy and clean, put raw materials, workpieces, products and production waste in designated areas, and not block aisles and driveways.
1.4. An employee may be exposed to hazardous and harmful production factors (moving machines and mechanisms, moving loads, industrial microclimate, increased explosive concentration of hydrogen, caustic acids and alkalis).
1.5. The battery operator must be provided with special clothing and personal protective equipment:
a cotton suit with acid-proof impregnation;
rubber ankle boots;
rubber gloves;
rubber apron;
protective glasses.
1.6. Those working on charging batteries must strictly observe safety requirements when working with acids and caustic alkalis, which, if handled incorrectly, can cause chemical burns, and with an increased concentration of vapors in the air, poisoning.
1.7. When charging batteries, hydrogen is released, which introduces small splashes of electrolyte into the air. When hydrogen accumulates, it can reach explosive concentrations, so batteries cannot be charged without ventilation.
1.8. Electrical safety rules must be observed when connecting batteries.
1.9. Persons involved in charging batteries must be well aware of and strictly comply with all the requirements set out in this instruction, and the enterprise administration is obliged to create normal working conditions and provide the battery operator’s workplace with everything necessary to safely perform the work assigned to him, as well as first aid equipment to prevent chemical burns with electrolyte (running tap water to wash off splashes of acid or alkali; 1% boric acid solution to neutralize alkali).
1.10. Battery workers must know and observe personal hygiene rules.
1.11. Battery workers must be able to provide first aid to victims of an accident.
1.12. Labor safety instructions must be issued to all battery workers against signature.
1.13. Trained and instructed battery workers bear full responsibility for violation of labor safety instructions in accordance with current legislation.
2. Safety requirements before starting work
2.1. Put on proper overalls, rubber boots and prepare personal protective equipment (rubber oversleeves, rubber gloves and safety glasses), fasten the cuffs of the sleeves, put the trousers of the acid-resistant suit over the tops of the boots, put on a rubber apron (its lower edge should be lower than the top edge of the tops of the boots), tuck clothes in so that there are no flapping ends, tuck hair under a tight-fitting headdress.
2.2. Carefully inspect the workplace, put it in order, remove all objects that interfere with work. Arrange working tools, devices and auxiliary materials in an order convenient for use and check their serviceability.
2.3. Check and ensure proper operation of supply and exhaust ventilation and local suction;
check the sufficiency of lighting in the workplace;
make sure there are no unauthorized persons in the room.
3. Safety requirements during operation.
3.1. In the battery charging room, do not allow fires, smoking, or sparking electrical equipment or other equipment.
3.2. Connect battery terminals for charging and disconnect them after charging only when the charging station equipment is turned off.
3.3. When inspecting batteries, use a portable 12 V safety lamp.
Before connecting a portable electric lamp to the network, to avoid sparking, first insert it into the plug socket and then turn on the switch; When turning off the electric lamp, first turn off the switch and then remove the plug.
3.4. Do not touch two battery terminals at the same time with metal objects to avoid short circuits and sparks.
3.5. Check the battery voltage only with a voltmeter.
3.6. When removing and installing batteries on an electric car, make sure that they do not short-circuit with the metal parts of the electric car.
3.7. When connecting batteries to a DC power supply and connecting batteries to each other, wear rubber gloves and rubber shoes.
3.8. Do not touch live parts (terminals, contacts, electrical wires) with your hands without rubber gloves. If it is necessary to use a tool, use a tool with insulated handles.
3.9. When working with acid, acidic and alkaline electrolyte and preparing the electrolyte, observe the following requirements:
the acid should be stored in bottles with closed ground-in stoppers in special crates, in separate ventilated rooms. Acid bottles should be placed on the floor in a single row. Empty acid bottles should be stored under similar conditions;
on all vessels with electrolyte, distilled water, soda solution or boric acid solution, bottles with acid, clear inscriptions (names) of the liquid must be applied;
The transfer of bottles must be carried out by two persons using a special stretcher on which the bottle is securely fastened. First check the serviceability of the stretcher;
bottling of acid from bottles must be done with a forced tilt using special devices for securing the bottles. Acid bottling is allowed using special siphons;
prepare the electrolyte only in a specially designated room;
when preparing the electrolyte, it is necessary to pour sulfuric acid into distilled water in a thin stream, stirring the electrolyte all the time;
It is forbidden to pour distilled water into sulfuric acid, since water in contact with the acid quickly heats up, boils and, when splashed, can cause burns;
The electrolyte should be prepared only in lead, earthenware or ebonite baths. Preparing electrolyte in glass containers is prohibited, as sudden heating may cause it to burst;
It is prohibited to work with acid without protective glasses, rubber gloves, boots and a rubber apron that protect against possible drops of acid getting on the body or eyes of the worker;
crushing pieces of caustic alkali should be done using special scoops, tongs, tweezers and burlap. The worker must be protected by a rubber apron, rubber gloves and safety glasses;
Do not stir the electrolyte in the bath by blowing air through.
3.10. When charging batteries, do not lean close to the batteries to avoid being burned by acid splashes flying out of the battery opening.
3.11. Rechargeable batteries should be transported in special carts with slots according to the size of the batteries. Carrying batteries manually, regardless of their number, should not be carried out, except for rearrangements.
3.12. Do not touch heated resistance coils.
3.13. Strictly observe personal precautions: eat only in the room designated for this purpose. Before eating, wash your hands and face with soap and rinse your mouth with water. Do not store food and drinking water in the battery room;
Clean tables and workbenches daily, wiping them with a rag soaked in soda solution, and clean walls, cabinets and windows once a week.
4. Safety requirements in emergency situations.
4.1. If sulfuric acid gets on your skin or eyes, immediately wash it off with plenty of water, then rinse with a 1% solution of baking soda and report to the technician.
If there are signs of poisoning from an increased concentration of sulfuric acid in the air, go out into fresh air, drink milk and baking soda and report to the specialist.
4.2. If alkali (caustic potassium or caustic soda) gets on your skin or eyes, immediately wash it off with plenty of water and rinse with a 3% boric acid solution.
If there are signs of poisoning from an increased concentration of alkali in the air, go out into the fresh air, drink milk and report to the specialist.
4.3. In case of electric shock, you must:
release the victim from the effects of electric current;
free him from constricting clothes;
provide access to clean air to the victim, for which open the window and doors or take the victim out of the room and perform artificial respiration;
call a doctor.
4.4. If a fire occurs, call the fire department, notify the administration of the enterprise and begin extinguishing it using available means.
5. Safety requirements upon completion of work.
5.1. Tidy up your workspace.
Wipe tools and accessories and place them in the designated place.
5.2. Securely close the taps of containers with acid and electrolyte.
5.3. Inform the foreman or shift worker about all malfunctions and shortcomings noticed during work, and about the measures taken to eliminate them.
5.4. Remove and store protective clothing and personal protective equipment in accordance with the established procedure.
5.5. Wash your hands and face with warm water and soap, rinse your mouth well, or take a shower.
