What is the srs system in a car. SRS - what is it? What is included in the SRS system? Video on the topic

What is the srs system in a car. SRS - what is it? What is included in the SRS system? Video on the topic

Many modern cars have an SRS system, but not many people know what it is and what this abbreviation means, so in this article we will try to figure out what SRS is in a car and what needs to be done if the SRS indicator on the dashboard lights up.

Explanation of what the SRS system is in a car

SRS (short for Supplementary Restraint System) is a safety system for the driver and passengers in the car, which is activated in an emergency situation (in the event of a frontal or side collision of the car with a moving or static object).

The SRS system includes the following components to ensure the safety of the driver and passengers:

  • SRS system module;
  • Special sensors that monitor the speed of the car, record the moment of impact during a collision, the position of people in the car, etc.;
  • Front and side airbags;
  • Special seat belt tensioners.

Note: the SRS safety system in a car helps preserve the health and sometimes the life of the driver and passengers during accidents, while the system is activated when the vehicle speed is more than 50 km/h for frontal and side impacts.

It is also worth remembering that SRS will not work in a collision with soft objects (for example, when driving into a snowdrift), as well as in a rear impact (for example, if another car crashed into your car from behind).

What to do if the SRS light on the dashboard is on?

Drawing conclusions from what was written above, it immediately becomes clear that it is imperative to monitor the condition of the SRS system in the car, since your safety depends on it.

If an error starts to appear (a signal on the dashboard with the SRS icon is triggered), then it is better to quickly contact specialists at a car service center so that they can diagnose and fix this problem.

The good thing about the SRS safety system is that it does not need to be serviced often; it is enough to carry out a full diagnostic of it once every 9-10 years to make sure that it is working properly, but it is important not to forget that the airbags and their squibs are disposable even if they are triggered in an emergency, their complete replacement is necessary.

In conclusion to the article, it can be noted that knowing what SRS means in a car and how important this system is, in the future you will more closely monitor its condition. We leave our reviews and useful tips on the topic of what SRS is in a car in the comments to the article and share it on social networks if it was useful to you.

Experienced drivers who own modern cars know what SRS is in a car. However, sooner or later, novice motorists also have to learn about this, since it often happens that an indicator lights up on the dashboards of their “iron horses”, indicating a malfunction of this system. Why this happens and what should be done will be described below, but first it makes sense to consider in general terms the design of the SRS system, as well as understand exactly how it functions.

The abbreviation SRS stands for Supplementary Restraint System, and it refers to the vehicle's active safety system. It is she who is responsible for the condition of all the elements that should provide protection for the driver and passengers of the vehicle in the event of various emergency situations.

The SRS system includes the following components:

  • Airbags (front and side);
  • Touch sensors that monitor in real time the position of people inside the car;
  • Acceleration and shock sensors;
  • Seat belt pretensioners;
  • Control modules;
  • SRS main module;
  • Active head restraints.

In addition, the design elements of the SRS system also include connecting cables, autonomous power supplies and connectors.

Frontal airbags are located directly in front of the driver (in the steering wheel) and front passenger (in the dashboard), and side airbags are located on the sides, in the seat backs and side body elements. Their design includes special squibs filled with dry gas and triggered by electrical impulses.

Touch sensors (pressure sensor and backrest position sensor) are located in the seats, and the acceleration sensor (often also called an overload sensor) is located in the front of the car, directly behind the radiator grille. It is designed on the principle of a pendulum, and if its position changes sharply as a result of a collision, it closes the electrical circuit, thus generating a control signal transmitted to the main SRS module.

In most cases, it is located in the tunnel channel (more precisely, in the front part), and its most important function is to control such elements of the SRS system as airbag modules and seat belt pretensioners. The latter, just like the touch sensors, are located in the front seats and are equipped with squib pistons: when triggered, they are set in motion and very quickly tension the belt. It goes without saying that active head restraints are also located on the seats, being mounted in the upper parts of the backrests.

How does SRS work?

It should be noted that the SRS system has a very high response speed, and this is what allows it to preserve the health, and sometimes the life, of the driver and passengers of the vehicle in the event of serious accidents. When a car moving at a speed of more than 50 km/h collides with any obstacle, the inertial sensor is triggered. It completes the electrical circuit, causing the control signal to be sent to the SRS main module. Through it, it is transmitted to the airbag modules, as a result of which they are activated within 300 milliseconds.

At the same time, a signal is sent via the SRS main module to the seat belt pretensioners and the active head restraints. As a result of this, the seat belts are instantly tightened so that the person does not move forward by inertia, but remains in place. As for active head restraints, they move forward to prevent so-called whiplash injuries.

It should be noted that the main SRS module, having received a response signal from the acceleration sensor, sends it to the central locking of the car. This is done to unlock the doors and provide free access to the rescue vehicle.

The vehicle's SRS system is configured so that it only activates in truly emergency situations. It does not work, for example, when colliding with bushes or snowdrifts. If it detects a rear impact, then the activation signal is sent only to the active head restraints, and if the impact occurs from the side, then only the side airbags are triggered (in those cases, of course, if they are installed on this car).

SRS System Maintenance

The SRS system does not require frequent maintenance, but it must undergo a full diagnostic once every ten years. After airbags deploy, they must be completely replaced because they are disposable. When operating the SRS system, you must ensure that its elements (especially sensors) do not heat above +90 °C.

It must also be remembered that the degree of effectiveness of this vehicle’s passive safety system largely depends on how correctly the driver and passengers are positioned in its interior. For seat belts and active head restraints to function properly, the seat backrests must be tilted no more than 25°. In addition, the seats should not be moved too close to the airbags.

SRS errors

As mentioned above, the SRS system is quite complex in its design, and therefore various errors may periodically occur in its operation. As practice shows, they are most often caused by such reasons as:

  • Faulty wiring or contacts;
  • Problems with the electronics of control modules;
  • Terminals disconnected and fuses blown.

Whatever the cause of the SRS error, it is strongly recommended not to try to fix it yourself. It is best to go to a service station when it occurs. Its specialists will conduct a thorough diagnosis of the system and fix the problem.

Video on the topic

The safety systems that modern cars are equipped with are divided into two main categories - active and passive. It all started with the installation of seat belts, which are still one of the main safety equipment. Belts are classified as passive safety systems. The second most important passive means are airbags.

They are part of the SRS (Supplemental Restraint System) system, which includes a number of other devices and mechanisms.

Initially, the pillows were positioned as an alternative to belts, which previously were not particularly convenient to use. But practice has shown that only the combined use of these two means ensures maximum injury safety.

Belts are now much more convenient to use, they provide good fixation of the torso, but they have not abandoned pillows. And if previously they were installed only on premium cars, now they are also available on cars in the budget segment. And the number of pillows is only increasing.

Main components

The airbag system includes three main components:

  1. Shock sensors
  2. Control block
  3. Gas generators

More modern systems include additional sensors and mechanisms that make certain adjustments to the operation of the security device.

Shock sensors

Shock sensors are elements on which the operation of the entire system depends. They are the ones who determine that a collision has occurred, which is why the airbags are deployed. At first, only front sensors were used. Previously, the number of airbags was not large and their task was to increase injury safety in frontal collisions. Nowadays, many cars are equipped with side devices, which is why the number of sensors has increased.

The entire system is designed in such a way that in the event of an accident, only the necessary airbags are deployed, and not all at once. And for this it is necessary to determine the force of the blow, its direction, and nature. This is ensured by sensors installed in different parts of the body - in the front part, doors, pillars.

Electromechanical type sensors are considered traditional. They are quite simple in design, but at the same time quite effective. The main elements of such a sensor are a ball and a spring of a certain stiffness. It works like this: upon impact, inertia forces the ball to move, overcoming the force of the spring, as a result the contacts close and the impulse from the sensor goes to the control unit.


It is worth noting that the spring stiffness is significant. This eliminates false alarms of the system, for example, during emergency braking or a slight impact with an obstacle. So, in the event of a collision while driving at low speed (up to 20 km/h), the airbag will not work, since the inertial force will simply not be enough to overcome the spring force.

In addition to electromechanical sensors, cars also use electronic types, the main element of which is an acceleration sensor (capacitor, inertial, pressure). The design of the electronic elements also includes a signal processing unit from the acceleration sensor.

The principle of operation of a capacitor acceleration sensor is reduced to a change in capacitance due to the displacement of the plates. And this is achieved by separating the capacitor plates and fixing them on different bases, one of which is fixed, the second is movable. Upon impact, the same inertial force displaces the movable base with the plates relative to the stationary one. As a result, the capacitance of the capacitor sensor changes. This records the processing unit, compares the received data with the table data and, based on this, generates a signal to the control unit.

Other types of sensors also work on this principle; the only difference comes down to their design. All of them, due to inertia, change some parameters, which is the basis for the signal generation by the processing unit.

Note that the shock sensors are configured based on their installation location. Thus, the side elements are usually more sensitive than the front ones.

To detect an impact, sensors can be installed in the door area that record changes in atmospheric pressure in the car doors. They are either piezoelectric or capacitive. The first type is based on the piezoelectric effect, and the second on the principle of a capacitor sensor.


The response speed of each type of sensor is also taken into account, so several types can be installed in a car at the same time. For example, pressure sensors are characterized by high performance, so they are often installed on the sides (in doors, pillars).

The main advantage of electronic sensors is to determine the nature of the impact - force, direction. This is achieved due to tabular data embedded in the processing unit.

Control block

The control unit receives information from impact sensors and, based on them, sends signals to the required airbags. Essentially, it is a distributor that directs the signal from the sensor to a specific pillow. But since a modern system often includes additional tools, this block processes information from them, and also issues commands to trigger certain mechanisms.

The control unit is also involved in system diagnostics. After the engine starts, it sends control signals to the actuators, determining the integrity of the electrical circuit and the condition of the working elements. For example, if there is an open circuit, or the airbags have previously deployed, the unit will detect this and a warning light will light up on the dashboard, indicating that there is a problem in the safety system.

Note that it is not difficult to “bypass” the diagnostic mode, which is often used by car enthusiasts in whose cars the airbags are faulty or have deployed.

Gas generator

The main component of this system is the actuator - the gas generator. Its task is to generate a large amount of gas in a short time, which then fills the pillow itself.

The gas generator includes several components - a squib, a charge of a substance that releases gas, and the pillow itself.

The squib is designed to ignite the charge. He can do this in two ways - by melting a wire placed in the combustion chamber, or by using a primer that creates a flame front in the chamber with the charge. It's simple - an electrical signal from the control unit is supplied to the squib, which leads to melting of the wiring or ignition of the capsule.

The combustion chamber of the gas generator is filled with a substance that can completely burn in the shortest possible time, releasing a large volume of gas that is safe for humans. Sodium azide (which, by the way, is poisonous) is usually used as such a substance. But during the combustion process, it breaks down into non-hazardous substances - nitrogen (45% of the total volume), water, carbon dioxide, and solid particles.

It is worth noting that sodium azide burns completely very quickly (30-50 milliseconds depending on the amount of substance), and the combustion is controlled and not explosive.


The resulting gas leaves the gas generator through special channels and enters a fabric bag. Before this, it is filtered through a special metal filter, which removes solid particles and also cools the gas.

Another type is a hybrid gas generator, the main substance in which is gas under pressure (argon - 98%, helium - 2%). It also contains a squib and a small amount of ejection charge. When it is triggered, the gas supply channel to the pillow opens. Hybrid gas generators differ in the design of the opening of the channel, due to the piston being shifted by the charge at the moment of operation or destruction of the washer (membrane). There are other, rarer designs.

The bag is usually made of nylon. For ease of deployment when inflating, the surface of the fabric is coated with talcum powder and starch. The pillow must have perforations. The holes made in the bag are designed for deflation after operation, and also quickly (1-2 seconds). This eliminates suffocation and pinching of passengers in the car.

Often on modern cars, the airbag device includes a two-chamber gas generator, in which there are two squibs and two combustion chambers. The peculiarity of such a generator is the sequential use of squibs.

Upon impact, the charge located in the main chamber first ignites. In this case, the pillow fills 80%. That is, the bag turns out softer than when completely filled, which reduces injury when a person comes into contact with the pillow. After a certain period of time, the squib of the auxiliary chamber is triggered, and the pillow is refilled with gas, but after it has taken the body’s impact.

Additional funds

The SRS system device may additionally include a sensor for detecting the presence of a passenger and an emergency lowering mechanism for door windows. The control unit can also control the operation of belt pretensioners (with squibs).

A passenger detection sensor is needed so that the control unit does not activate the front passenger airbag if there is no one in the side seat. Previously, turning off this airbag was done manually, which was not entirely convenient. Installing the sensor solved the problem with the passenger airbag being forgotten on or off.

The emergency window lowering mechanism is designed to eliminate pneumatic shock. When the windows are closed, the deployment of the pillows leads to a rapid decrease in the volume of the cabin (it is filled with bags). As a result, the air pressure in the cabin increases sharply and a pneumatic shock is formed, which is quite powerful and passengers can easily damage their eardrums. The mechanism for emergency lowering of the side windows eliminates the increase in pressure and the occurrence of pneumatic shock.

The seat belts of many cars are now equipped with pretensioners, which provide short-term tension of the belt during an accident, securing the body and eliminating its inertial movement. Moreover, the pretensioners are equipped with squibs, which are triggered by an impulse supplied from the airbag control unit.

Principle of operation

Knowing the design and functioning of all components, it is not difficult to understand the principle of operation of the airbag: in the event of a collision, sensors detect the impact and send a signal to the control unit. This, in turn, redirects the impulse to the desired gas generator. At the same time, the unit determines the presence of a passenger and decides whether to use the passenger airbag, and also activates the pretensioner squibs (if any) and turns on the window lowering mechanism (if equipped).

The signal received from the unit to the gas generator triggers the squib and the chemical charge ignites. The released gas enters the bag, it unfolds and then immediately descends thanks to the perforation.

Note that the main disadvantage of pillows is their disposability. That is, they only work once, after which they need to be changed. And replacement is very expensive, so car owners of cars on which they have worked use a “trick” so that the system is properly diagnosed when the engine starts and is not bothered by a constantly burning warning light.

Kinds

Modern cars use different types of airbags. The main ones are:

  • Front driver and passenger (installed in the steering wheel and front panel);
  • Side (mounted in the backs of the front seats);
  • Head curtains, also known as curtains (placed in the side pillars or roof).

These types of airbags are installed on many models, including budget options. Frontal ones are designed to reduce injury during frontal impacts, the other two types are designed for side impacts. Moreover, the side ones protect the torso, and the curtains protect the head. It is noteworthy that front and side airbags are usually designed only to provide injury protection for the driver and front passenger. But curtains can also be installed in the rear of the cabin to reduce injury to passengers in the rear seat.


There are other types of airbags, but they are much less common. These include knee and central. The first are located under the front panel and provide leg protection. The center airbag pops up between the front seats and is designed to prevent injury in the event of a collision between the driver and passenger.

Airbags have proven to be truly effective, so systems are now being actively developed that are aimed at reducing injuries to pedestrians in a collision with a car. To do this, airbags are installed in the front of the car (in the bumper and in front of the windshield), softening the force of a pedestrian hitting the structural elements of the car.

Explanation of what the SRS system is in a car

SRS (short for Supplementary Restraint System) is a safety system for the driver and passengers in the car, which is activated in an emergency situation (in the event of a frontal or side collision of the car with a moving or static object).

The SRS system includes the following components to ensure the safety of the driver and passengers:

  • SRS system module;
  • Special sensors that monitor the speed of the car, record the moment of impact during a collision, the position of people in the car, etc.;
  • Front and side airbags;
  • Special seat belt tensioners.

Note: the SRS safety system in a car helps preserve the health and sometimes the life of the driver and passengers during accidents, while the system is activated when the vehicle speed is more than 50 km/h for frontal and side impacts.

It is also worth remembering that SRS will not work in a collision with soft objects (for example, when driving into a snowdrift), as well as in a rear impact (for example, if another car crashed into your car from behind).

What to do if the SRS light on the dashboard is on?

Drawing conclusions from what was written above, it immediately becomes clear that it is imperative to monitor the condition of the SRS system in the car, since your safety depends on it.

If an error starts to appear (a signal on the dashboard with the SRS icon is triggered), then it is better to quickly contact specialists at a car service center so that they can diagnose and fix this problem.

The good thing about the SRS safety system is that it does not need to be serviced often; it is enough to carry out a full diagnostic of it once every 9-10 years to make sure that it is working properly, but it is important not to forget that the airbags and their squibs are disposable even if they are triggered in an emergency, their complete replacement is necessary.

In conclusion to the article, it can be noted that knowing what SRS means in a car and how important this system is, in the future you will more closely monitor its condition. We leave our reviews and useful tips on the topic of what SRS is in a car in the comments to the article and share it on social networks if it was useful to you.


When getting acquainted with the characteristics of a car, you can often find the abbreviation SRS in the list of options. Only a few drivers can boast that they know what kind of system this is. After reading this article to the end, you will also be able to give a detailed answer to the question: “What is SRS in a car.”

SRS (from English Supplementary Restraint System - additional retention system) - provides protection for the driver and passengers in the event of a frontal collision with a static or moving object.

The main task of SRS is to minimize injuries to the driver and passengers in a traffic accident. Airbags and seat belt pretensioners deploy simultaneously to prevent the driver and passenger from hitting the steering wheel, windshield, or other hard objects inside the vehicle. To do this, the system analyzes incoming collision impulse signals, evaluates the severity of the impact and decides whether to activate the airbags and/or seat belt pretensioners. The seat belt pretensioners can be activated either with or without airbags.

Airbags are designed in such a way that they are activated only in the event of a frontal or side impact, but in the event of a rear impact, no seat belt pretensioners or airbags will deploy. The SRS system will not be activated in the event of a frontal collision at low speed or when hitting soft objects (bushes, for example).

The health of the SRS system is always monitored by the microprocessor in the sensor module. If an error is detected in operation, the nature and location of the malfunction is recorded in the memory, and the SRS warning light lights up on the dashboard. In this case, we advise you to immediately go to a service station, where the technicians will help fix the breakdown.

The SRS system is one of those that can save your life in the event of an accident. Therefore, do not ignore signals about its malfunction under any circumstances. Follow basic recommendations for operating the system. In particular, do not allow the system to overheat (SRS does not tolerate temperatures above 90 degrees), and after 10 years of vehicle service, it would be a good idea to test the SRS system, including the electronics, airbags and belt pretensioner mechanism, in a certified workshop.

Keep your SRS running, but never need to activate it!

Arbitration Court of the Murmansk Region

st. Knipovicha, 20, Murmansk, 183049

http://murmansk.arbitr.ru

In the name of the Russian Federation

SOLUTION

Case No. A42-547/2015
city ​​of Murmansk
April 28, 2015

Judge of the Arbitration Court of the Murmansk Region Tatyana Viktorovna Panfilova, while keeping the minutes of the court session by the secretary of the court session Mozokhina E.A., having considered at the court session the case on the application of the open joint-stock company "Oboronenergo" (OGRN 1097746264230) to establish a fact of legal significance,

interested party: Office of Rosreestr for the Murmansk region,

with participation in the meeting of representatives:

from the applicant – Derban A.V. by proxy;

from the interested party - did not participate, notified,

installed:

open joint-stock company "Oboronenergo" (location: 119160, Moscow, Znamenka street, building 19, OGRN 1097746264230, INN 7704726225) applied to the Arbitration Court of the Murmansk Region with an application to establish the fact of ownership and use as its own structure of the SRS-VS-warehouse No. 4, located in Polyarny, Komsomolskaya str., 3, inventory number 4798, with a total area of ​​295.2 m2.

To substantiate the claims, the applicant (hereinafter referred to as the Company) refers to paragraph 1 of Article of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation - acquisitive prescription, indicating that he has conscientiously, openly and continuously owned real estate as his own for more than fifteen years.

In responses to requests from the court, the Ministry of Property Relations of the Murmansk Region, the Municipal Property Management of ZATO Aleksandrovsk, the Territorial Administration of the Federal Agency for State Property Management in the Murmansk Region reported that there was no accounting in the register of state property, municipal property of ZATO Aleksandrovsk, federal property of a real estate object - construction of SRS -VS-warehouse No. 4, located in Polyarny, Komsomolskaya St., 3, inventory number 4798, with a total area of ​​295.2 m2. The State Unitary Enterprise for Technical Inventory of the Murmansk Region reported that no registration of ownership was carried out in relation to this object.

The Office of Rosreestr for the Murmansk Region, in a response to the application, reported that there were no records in the Unified State Register of registration of ownership and other rights to the disputed property. The court's decision to establish the legal fact of the Company's ownership of the disputed real estate as its own in accordance with Art. will be by virtue of clause 3 of Art. Federal Law No. 122-FZ of July 21, 1997 “On state registration of rights to real estate and transactions with it”, the basis for registering ownership rights for the applicant, requests that the case be considered in the absence of his representative. There are no objections to the stated requirements.

At the court hearing, the applicant's representative supported the claims on the grounds set out in the application.

In accordance with Art. of the Arbitration Procedural Code of the Russian Federation, the court considered the case in the absence of a representative of the interested party based on the available materials of the case.

As follows from the case materials, the Federal State Unitary Enterprise “111 Electric Network of the Navy” of the Russian Defense Ministry was created in accordance with the Directive of the General Staff of the Navy No. 730/1/01/01333 dated December 8, 1989 and is the legal successor of the 8th State Enterprise of Electric Networks of the Navy (clause 1.1 of the Charter Federal State Unitary Enterprise “11111 Electric Network of the Navy”), which since 1993 owns and uses the building SRS-VS-warehouse No. 4, located in the city of Polyarny, Komsomolskaya St., 3 (case file 138).

Based on the order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation No. 177 dated April 16, 2009 "On the conditions for the privatization of the federal state unitary enterprise "111 Electric Network of the Navy" of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation", the federal state unitary enterprise "111 Electric Network of the Navy" of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation was reorganized in the form of a merger into an open joint-stock company "111 Electric Network".

08/31/2011 An entry was made in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities on the termination of the activities of OJSC "111 Electric Network", in connection with the reorganization of the company through merger with OJSC "Oboronenergo", which became the legal successor of OJSC "111 ES" for all property rights and obligations of the latter in accordance with the transfer deed dated 06/09/2011 .

OJSC Oboronenergo, believing that it became the owner of the SRS-VS-warehouse No. 4 structure due to acquisitive prescription, filed this application with the court.

Having heard the applicant's representative and examined the case materials, the court considers the application to be satisfied.

The construction of SRS-VS-warehouse No. 4 is accounted for on the balance sheet of OJSC Oboronenergo, which is a legal entity, has ownership of property and bears independent responsibility for its obligations.

Technical passport with inv. No. 4798 and inventory card for recording fixed assets No. 865120172 dated November 30, 2014 confirm that the Construction of SRS-VS-warehouse No. 4 is currently listed on the Company’s balance sheet.

The applicant indicates that the state registration of the right by the legal predecessors and the applicant was not carried out due to the insufficiency of title documents.

In accordance with the article of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, a person - a citizen or a legal entity - who is not the owner of property, but who in good faith, openly and continuously owns real estate as his own for fifteen years, acquires the right of ownership of this property (acquisitive prescription).

The fact of continuous ownership and use by the Company of the structure SRS-VS-warehouse No. 4, inventory number 4798, with a total area of ​​295.2 m2, for more than 15 years at the time of the decision is confirmed by the case materials and established by the court, and is not disputed by the persons participating in the case.

In accordance with Art. of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the protection of civil rights is carried out, inter alia, through the recognition of rights.

According to the explanations in paragraph 19 of the resolution of the Plenum of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation No. 10/22 dated April 29, 2010. the possibility of filing a claim in court for recognition of property rights due to acquisitive prescription follows from articles and. Therefore, a person who believes that he has become the owner of property due to acquisitive prescription has the right to apply to the court with a claim for recognition of ownership rights. The absence of state registration of ownership of real estate is not an obstacle to the recognition of ownership of this property after the expiration of the acquisition limitation period (clause 20).

By virtue of para. 2 clause 21 of the resolution of the Plenum of the RF Armed Forces and the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation No. 10/22 of 04/29/2010. A court decision establishing the fact of bona fide, open and continuous ownership of property as one’s own during the period of acquisitive limitation is also the basis for registering property rights in the Unified State Register.

There is virtually no dispute over the ownership of the building - the SRS-VS-warehouse No. 4 structure, and information about other rights holders was also not established during the trial. In the registers of federal property, state and municipal property of the Murmansk region, the construction of SRS-VS-warehouse No. 4 is not taken into account.

Having assessed the applicant’s arguments and the evidence presented in the case materials confirming the expiration of the fifteen-year period of acquisitive limitation, open and bona fide possession of the building - construction SRS-VS-warehouse No. 4 on the day the court made a decision on this case and provided that there were no claims of other persons on the specified date, the court believes that the requirement to establish the fact of ownership and use of the specified real estate as one’s own is subject to satisfaction.

The applicant, when submitting an application to the court by payment order No. 4067 dated December 8, 2014, paid a state fee in the amount of 2,000 rubles. According to Art. Tax Code of the Russian Federation from 01.01.2015 for cases considered by arbitration courts, the state fee when filing an application to establish facts of legal significance is paid in the amount of 3,000 rubles. Consequently, the applicant must pay an additional state fee to the federal budget in the amount of 1,000 rubles for consideration of his application.

Guided by articles , - , of the Arbitration Procedural Code of the Russian Federation, the court

DECIDED:

The application of the open joint-stock company "Oboronenergo" is satisfied.

To establish the fact of ownership and use by the open joint-stock company "Oboronenergo" of the building - Construction SRS-VS-warehouse No. 4, inventory number 4798, with a total area of ​​295.2 sq.m., located at the address: Murmansk region, Polyarny city, Komsomolskaya street, 3 as if it were your own.

To collect 1,000 rubles from the open joint-stock company Oboronenergo to the federal budget. state duty.

The decision can be appealed within a month from the date of adoption.

Judge T.V. Panfilova

Court:

AS of the Murmansk region

Plaintiffs:

OJSC "Oboronenergo"

Judicial practice on:

Acquisitive prescription

Judicial practice on the application of Art. 234 Civil Code of the Russian Federation

The safety systems that modern cars are equipped with are divided into two main categories - active and passive. And it all started with the installation, which are still one of the main security tools. Belts refer to. The second most important passive means are airbags.

They are part of the SRS (Supplemental Restraint System) system, which includes a number of other devices and mechanisms.

Initially, the pillows were positioned as an alternative to belts, which previously were not particularly convenient to use. But practice has shown that only the combined use of these two means ensures maximum injury safety.

Belts are now much more convenient to use, they provide good fixation of the torso, but they have not abandoned pillows. And if previously they were installed only on premium cars, now they are also available on cars in the budget segment. And the number of pillows is only increasing.

Main components

The airbag system includes three main components:

  1. Shock sensors
  2. Control block
  3. Gas generators

More modern systems include additional sensors and mechanisms that make certain adjustments to the operation of the security device.

Shock sensors

Shock sensors are elements on which the operation of the entire system depends. They are the ones who determine that a collision has occurred, which is why the airbags are deployed. At first, only front sensors were used. Previously, the number of airbags was not large and their task was to increase injury safety in frontal collisions. Nowadays, many cars are equipped with side devices, which is why the number of sensors has increased.

Example location of SRS system impact sensors

The entire system is designed in such a way that in the event of an accident, only the necessary airbags are deployed, and not all at once. And for this it is necessary to determine the force of the blow, its direction, and nature. This is ensured by sensors installed in different parts of the body - in the front part, doors, pillars.

Electromechanical type sensors are considered traditional. They are quite simple in design, but at the same time quite effective. The main elements of such a sensor are a ball and a spring of a certain stiffness. It works like this: upon impact, inertia forces the ball to move, overcoming the force of the spring, as a result the contacts close and the impulse from the sensor goes to the control unit.

Electromechanical view of a sensor with a ribbon spring

It is worth noting that the spring stiffness is significant. This eliminates false alarms of the system, for example, during emergency braking or a slight impact with an obstacle. So, in the event of a collision while driving at low speed (up to 20 km/h), the airbag will not work, since the inertial force will simply not be enough to overcome the spring force.

In addition to electromechanical sensors, cars also use electronic types, the main element of which is an acceleration sensor (capacitor, inertial, pressure). The design of the electronic elements also includes a signal processing unit from the acceleration sensor.

Inertial sensor device

The principle of operation of a capacitor acceleration sensor is reduced to a change in capacitance due to the displacement of the plates. And this is achieved by separating the capacitor plates and fixing them on different bases, one of which is fixed, the second is movable. Upon impact, the same inertial force displaces the movable base with the plates relative to the stationary one. As a result, the capacitance of the capacitor sensor changes. This records the processing unit, compares the received data with the table data and, based on this, generates a signal to the control unit.

Capacitor acceleration sensor

Other types of sensors also work on this principle; the only difference comes down to their design. All of them, due to inertia, change some parameters, which is the basis for the signal generation by the processing unit.

Note that the shock sensors are configured based on their installation location. Thus, the side elements are usually more sensitive than the front ones.

To detect an impact, sensors can be installed in the door area that record changes in atmospheric pressure in the car doors. They are either piezoelectric or capacitive. The first type is based on the piezoelectric effect, and the second on the principle of a capacitor sensor.

Shock sensors recording pressure changes

The response speed of each type of sensor is also taken into account, so several types can be installed in a car at the same time. For example, pressure sensors are characterized by high performance, so they are often installed on the sides (in doors, pillars).

The main advantage of electronic sensors is to determine the nature of the impact - force, direction. This is achieved due to tabular data embedded in the processing unit.

Control block

The control unit receives information from impact sensors and, based on them, sends signals to the required airbags. Essentially, it is a distributor that directs the signal from the sensor to a specific pillow. But since a modern system often includes additional tools, this block processes information from them, and also issues commands to trigger certain mechanisms.

The control unit is also involved in system diagnostics. After the engine starts, it sends control signals to the actuators, determining the integrity of the electrical circuit and the condition of the working elements. For example, if there is an open circuit, or the airbags have previously deployed, the unit will detect this and a warning light will light up on the dashboard, indicating that there is a problem in the safety system.

Note that it is not difficult to “bypass” the diagnostic mode, which is often used by car enthusiasts in whose cars the airbags are faulty or have deployed.

Gas generator

The main component of this system is the actuator - the gas generator. Its task is to generate a large amount of gas in a short time, which then fills the pillow itself.

The gas generator includes several components - a squib, a charge of a substance that releases gas, and the pillow itself.

Gas generator in the steering wheel

The squib is designed to ignite the charge. He can do this in two ways - by melting a wire placed in the combustion chamber, or by using a primer that creates a flame front in the chamber with the charge. It's simple - an electrical signal from the control unit is supplied to the squib, which leads to melting of the wiring or ignition of the capsule.

The combustion chamber of the gas generator is filled with a substance that can completely burn in the shortest possible time, releasing a large volume of gas that is safe for humans. Sodium azide (which, by the way, is poisonous) is usually used as such a substance. But during the combustion process, it breaks down into non-hazardous substances - nitrogen (45% of the total volume), water, carbon dioxide, and solid particles.

It is worth noting that sodium azide burns completely very quickly (30-50 milliseconds depending on the amount of substance), and the combustion is controlled and not explosive.

The resulting gas leaves the gas generator through special channels and enters a fabric bag. Before this, it is filtered through a special metal filter, which removes solid particles and also cools the gas.

Hybrid gas generator with charge and gas

Another type is a hybrid gas generator, the main substance in which is gas under pressure (argon - 98%, helium - 2%). It also contains a squib and a small amount of ejection charge. When it is triggered, the gas supply channel to the pillow opens. Hybrid gas generators differ in the design of the opening of the channel, due to the piston being shifted by the charge at the moment of operation or destruction of the washer (membrane). There are other, rarer designs.

Hybrid gas generator with pressurized gas

The bag is usually made of nylon. For ease of deployment when inflating, the surface of the fabric is coated with talcum powder and starch. The pillow must have perforations. The holes made in the bag are designed for deflation after operation, and also quickly (1-2 seconds). This eliminates suffocation and pinching of passengers in the car.

Airbag deployment

Often on modern cars, the airbag device includes a two-chamber gas generator, in which there are two squibs and two combustion chambers. The peculiarity of such a generator is the sequential use of squibs.

Upon impact, the charge located in the main chamber first ignites. In this case, the pillow fills 80%. That is, the bag turns out softer than when completely filled, which reduces injury when a person comes into contact with the pillow. After a certain period of time, the squib of the auxiliary chamber is triggered, and the pillow is refilled with gas, but after it has taken the body’s impact.

Additional funds

The SRS system device may additionally include a sensor for detecting the presence of a passenger and an emergency lowering mechanism for door windows. The control unit can also control the operation of belt pretensioners (with squibs).

A passenger detection sensor is needed so that the control unit does not activate the front passenger airbag if there is no one in the side seat. Previously, turning off this airbag was done manually, which was not entirely convenient. Installing the sensor solved the problem with the passenger airbag being forgotten on or off.

Passenger seat arrangement

The emergency window lowering mechanism is designed to eliminate pneumatic shock. When the windows are closed, the deployment of the pillows leads to a rapid decrease in the volume of the cabin (it is filled with bags). As a result, the air pressure in the cabin increases sharply and a pneumatic shock is formed, which is quite powerful and passengers can easily damage their eardrums. The mechanism for emergency lowering of the side windows eliminates the increase in pressure and the occurrence of pneumatic shock.

The seat belts of many cars are now equipped with pretensioners, which provide short-term tension of the belt during an accident, securing the body and eliminating its inertial movement. Moreover, the pretensioners are equipped with squibs, which are triggered by an impulse supplied from the airbag control unit.

Principle of operation

Knowing the design and functioning of all components, it is not difficult to understand the principle of operation of the airbag: in the event of a collision, sensors detect the impact and send a signal to the control unit. This, in turn, redirects the impulse to the desired gas generator. At the same time, the unit determines the presence of a passenger and decides whether to use the passenger airbag, and also activates the pretensioner squibs (if any) and turns on the window lowering mechanism (if equipped).

The signal received from the unit to the gas generator triggers the squib and the chemical charge ignites. The released gas enters the bag, it unfolds and then immediately descends thanks to the perforation.

Audi A3 SRS system diagram

Note that the main disadvantage of pillows is their disposability. That is, they only work once, after which they need to be changed. And replacement is very expensive, so car owners of cars on which they have worked use a “trick” so that the system is properly diagnosed when the engine starts and is not bothered by a constantly burning warning light.

Kinds

Modern cars use different types of airbags. The main ones are:

  • Front driver and passenger (installed in the steering wheel and front panel);
  • Side (mounted in the backs of the front seats);
  • Head curtains, also known as curtains (placed in the side pillars or roof).

These types of airbags are installed on many models, including budget options. Frontal ones are designed to reduce injury during frontal impacts, the other two types are designed for side impacts. Moreover, the side ones protect the torso, and the curtains protect the head. It is noteworthy that front and side airbags are usually designed only to provide injury protection for the driver and front passenger. But curtains can also be installed in the rear of the cabin to reduce injury to passengers in the rear seat.

There are other types of airbags, but they are much less common. These include knee and central. The first are located under the front panel and provide leg protection. The center airbag pops up between the front seats and is designed to prevent injury in the event of a collision between the driver and passenger.

Airbags have proven to be truly effective, so systems are now being actively developed that are aimed at reducing injuries to pedestrians in a collision with a car. To do this, airbags are installed in the front of the car (in the bumper and in front of the windshield), softening the force of a pedestrian hitting the structural elements of the car.

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